Sulfur-Promoted Access to 3-Arylquinoxalin-2-ones by Oxidative Coupling of o-Phenylenediamines with Arylacetates.

We disclose the synthesis of 3-arylquinoxalin-2-ones from o-phenylenediamines and readily available arylacetates. The method harnesses the selective oxidative property of elemental sulfur in the presence of amine base catalyst and DMSO. The reactions are operationally simple and tolerate a wide range of functional groups.

Tissue of origin detection for cancer tumor using low-depth cfDNA samples through combination of tumor-specific methylation atlas and genome-wide methylation density in graph convolutional neural networks.

BACKGROUND: Cell free DNA (cfDNA)-based assays hold great potential in detecting early cancer signals yet determining the tissue-of-origin (TOO) for cancer signals remains a challenging task. Here, we investigated the contribution of a methylation atlas to TOO detection in low depth cfDNA samples. METHODS: We constructed a tumor-specific methylation atlas (TSMA) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data from five types of tumor tissues (breast, colorectal, gastric, liver and lung cancer) and paired white blood cells (WBC). TSMA was used with a non-negative least square matrix factorization (NNLS) deconvolution algorithm to identify the abundance of tumor tissue types in a WGBS sample. We showed that TSMA worked well with tumor tissue but struggled with cfDNA samples due to the overwhelming amount of WBC-derived DNA. To construct a model for TOO, we adopted the multi-modal strategy and used as inputs the combination of deconvolution scores from TSMA with other features of cfDNA. RESULTS: Our final model comprised of a graph convolutional neural network using deconvolution scores and genome-wide methylation density features, which achieved an accuracy of 69% in a held-out validation dataset of 239 low-depth cfDNA samples. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we have demonstrated that our TSMA in combination with other cfDNA features can improve TOO detection in low-depth cfDNA samples.

Paper/GO/e-Au flexible SERS sensors for in situ detection of tricyclazole in orange juice and on cucumber skin at the sub-ppb level: machine learning-assisted data analysis.

Despite being an excellent surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active material, gold nanoparticles were difficult to be loaded onto the surface of filter paper to fabricate flexible SERS substrates. In this study, electrochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles (e-AuNPs) were deposited on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in solution by ultrasonication, resulting in the formation of a GO/Au hybrid material. Thanks to the support of GO, the hybrid material could adhere onto the surface of filter paper, which was immersed into a GO/Au solution for 24 h and dried naturally at room temperature. The paper-based materials were then employed as substrates for a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing platform to detect tricyclazole (TCZ), a widely used pesticide, resulting in better sensitivity compared to the use of paper/Au SERS sensors. With the most optimal GO content of 4%, paper/GO/Au SERS sensors could achieve a limit of detection of 1.32 × 10-10 M in standard solutions. Furthermore, the filter paper-based SERS sensors also exhibited significant advantages in sample collection in real samples. On one hand, the sensors were dipped into orange juice, allowing TCZ molecules in this real sample to be adsorbed onto their SERS active surface. On the other hand, they were pasted onto cucumber skin to collect the analytes. As a result, the paper/GO/Au SERS sensors could sense TCZ in orange juice and on cucumber skin at concentrations as low as 10-9 M (∼2 ppb). In addition, a machine learning model was designed and developed, allowing the sensing system to discriminate TCZ from nine other organic compounds and predict the presence of TCZ on cucumber skin at concentrations down to 10-9 M.

An exploration of meteorological effects on PM2.5 air quality in several provinces and cities in Vietnam.

Linking meteorology and air pollutants is a key challenge. The study investigated meteorological effects on PM2.5 concentration using the advanced convergent cross mapping method, utilizing hourly PM2.5 concentration and six meteorological factors across eight provinces and cities in Vietnam. Results demonstrated that temperature (ρ = 0.30) and radiation (ρ = 0.30) produced the highest effects, followed by humidity (ρ = 0.28) and wind speed (ρ = 0.24), while pressure (ρ = 0.22) and wind direction (ρ = 0.17) produced the weakest effects on PM2.5 concentration. Comparing the ρ values showed that temperature, wind speed, and wind direction had greater impacts on PM2.5 concentration during the dry season whereas radiation had a more influence during the wet season; Southern stations experienced larger meteorological effects. Temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind direction had both positive and negative influences on PM2.5 concentration, while radiation and wind speed mostly had negative influences. During PM2.5 pollution episodes, there was more contribution of meteorological effects on PM2.5 concentration indicated by ρ values. At contaminated levels, humidity (ρ = 0.45) was the most dominant factor affecting PM2.5 concentration, followed by temperature (ρ = 0.41) and radiation (ρ = 0.40). Pollution episodes were pointed out to be more prevalent under higher humidity, higher pressure, lower temperature, lower radiation, and lower wind speed. The ρ calculation also revealed that lower temperature, lower radiation, and higher humidity greatly accelerated each other under pollution episodes, further enhancing PM2.5 concentration. The findings contributed to the literature on meteorology and air pollution interaction.

Effect of LED Lights on Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activities in Red Pakchoi Baby Leaves.

Pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in Asian countries, and it is high in secondary metabolites. The availability, quantity, and quality of light play a critical role in the growth and development of plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of LEDs (light-emitting diodes; white, blue, red, and red + blue) on anthocyanin, glucosinolates, and phenolic levels in red pakchoi baby leaves. On the 24th day after sowing (DAS), red baby pakchoi leaves were harvested, and shoot length, root length, and fresh weight were measured. Among the different LED treatments, there was no significant difference in shoot length, whereas the highest root length was achieved in the red + blue LED treatment (23.8 cm). The fresh weight also showed a significant difference among the different LED treatments. In total, 12 phenolic and 7 glucosinolate individual compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The highest total glucosinolate (2937 µg/g dry wt) and phenolic (1589 µg/g dry wt) contents were achieved in baby leaves exposed to red + blue light. Similarly, the highest contents of total anthocyanins (1726 µg/g dry wt), flavonoids (4920 µg/g dry wt), and phenolics (5900 µg/g dry wt) were achieved in the red + blue treatment. Plants exposed to red + blue LED light showed the highest accumulation of anthocyanin, glucosinolates, and phenolic compounds. For antioxidant activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical) free radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, and reducing power assays were performed, and the antioxidant activity of red pakchoi baby leaves grown under red + blue LED light was found to be the best. The metabolic profiling of the identified metabolites revealed distinct separation based on the secondary metabolites. This research will be helpful for farmers to choose the best LED light combination to increase the secondary metabolic content in pakchoi plants.

Effect of single versus grouped culture of human cumulus-oocyte complexes in PCOS women treated with biphasic in vitro maturation: A sibling oocyte pilot study.

Purpose: This study investigated the differences in the maturation rate of single versus grouped cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) culture methods for capacitation in vitro maturation (CAPA-IVM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This study was performed at My Duc Phu Nhuan Hospital, Vietnam from October 1, 2020 to October 24, 2021. Women aged 18-37 years with a diagnosis of PCOS were recruited. COCs from each woman were randomly divided into two groups: single or grouped culture during CAPA-IVM culture. The primary outcome was the maturation rate. Results: A total of 322 COCs from 15 eligible women included were randomly assigned to the two study groups. The maturation rate was comparable between the single and grouped culture groups (61.3% vs. 64.8%; p = 0.56). There were no significant differences in the number of 2-pronuclei fertilized oocytes, number of day-3 embryos, and number of good-quality embryos in the two culture method groups. In the single culture group, COCs morphology was associated with the day-3 embryo formation rate but not the maturation rate. Conclusions: Comparable oocyte maturation and embryology outcomes between single and grouped COCs culture utilizing sibling COCs derived from women with PCOS suggest the feasibility of both methods for CAPA-IVM culture.

Nanostructuring silica-iron core-shell particles in a one-step aerosol process.

Silica-coated iron (Fe@SiO2) particles have attracted considerable interest as a potential powder core material due to their distinctive advantages, including higher magnetic saturation and enhanced electrical resistance. In this study, the submicron-sized core-shell Fe@SiO2 particles were successfully synthesized in a single step via an aerosol process using a spray pyrolysis method assisted by a swirler connector for the first time. Changing the reducing agent concentration (supplied H2) and tuning the number of core (Fe) particles were investigated to achieve the desired Fe@SiO2 particles. The results indicated that an excessive number of cores led to the appearance of FeO crystals due to insufficient reduction. Conversely, an insufficient number of cores resulted in a thicker SiO2 shell, which hindered the penetration of the supplied H2 gas. Furthermore, the produced Fe@SiO2 particles exhibited soft-ferromagnetic characteristics with an excellent magnetic saturation value of 2.04 T, which is close to the standard theoretical value of 2.15 T. This work contributes new insights into the production of core-shell Fe@SiO2 particles, expanding their applicability to advanced soft-magnetic materials.

Astrocyte modulation of synaptic plasticity mediated by activity-dependent Sonic hedgehog signaling.

The influence of neural activity on astrocytes and their reciprocal interactions with neurons has emerged as an important modulator of synapse function. Astrocytes exhibit activity-dependent changes in gene expression, yet the molecular mechanisms by which they accomplish this have remained largely unknown. The molecular signaling pathway, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), mediates neuron-astrocyte communication and regulates the organization of cortical synapses. Here, we demonstrate that neural activity stimulates Shh signaling in cortical astrocytes and upregulates expression of Hevin and SPARC, astrocyte derived molecules that modify synapses. Whisker stimulation and chemogenetic activation both increase Shh activity in deep layers of the somatosensory cortex, where neuron-astrocyte Shh signaling is predominantly found. Experience-dependent Hevin and SPARC require intact Shh signaling and selective loss of pathway activity in astrocytes occludes experience-dependent structural plasticity. Taken together, these data identify Shh signaling as an activity-dependent, neuronal derived cue that stimulates astrocyte interactions with synapses and promotes synaptic plasticity.

Assessment of nutraceutical value, physicochemical, and anti-inflammatory profile of Odonthalia floccose and Odonthalia dentata.

The nutraceutical value, and physicochemical profile as well as anti-inflammatory activity potential of Odonthalia floccose and Odonthalia dentata (red macroalgae) dry biomass were investigated in this study. Proximate composition study results revealed that the dry biomass of O. floccose and O. dentae were found to be as ash: 9.11 & 8.7 g 100 g-1, moisture: 8.24 & 8.1 g 100 g-1, total fat: 6.9 & 7.2 g 100 g-1, protein: 24.52 & 25.6 g 100 g-1, and total carbohydrate/polysaccharides: 53.84 & 48.85 g 100 g-1 of dry weight biomass respectively. Both algae biomass contain considerable quantity of minerals (Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn). Furthermore, the major saturated fatty acids (6.24 & 5.82 g FAME 100 g-1 of total fat of O. floccose and O. dentate) (ΣFAs) present in the test algae were stearic acid, palmitic acid, and margaric acids. O. floccose and O. dentata also contain remarkable protein composition profile that compiled with considerable quantity of essential and non-essential amino acids. The vitamins such as vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, C, and E of O. floccose and O. dentate biomass were also identified at sufficient quantity level. The swelling capacity (SWC), water holding capacity (WHC), and oil holding capacity (OHC) properties of O. floccose and O. dentate at various temperature conditions (25 and 37 ᵒC) were found to be 8.11 & 7.02 mL g-1 and 8.95 & 7.55 mL g-1, 5.1 & 4.87 and 4.8 & 4.1 mL g-1, as well as 2.11 & 1.81 and 1.96 & 1.89 mL g-1 respectively. Among these two marine red macroalgae samples, the O. dentate showed better anti-inflammatory activity than O. floccose at 150 µg mL-1 dosage. Thus, this O. floccose and O. dentate biomass can be considerable as nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical product development related research.

Chemical composition and the anti-inflammatory effect of volatile compounds from Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray.

Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray, a member of the Annonaceae family, has been used to treat a variety of illnesses for a long time. For the first time, A. luzonensis volatile compounds (ALVCs) were extracted from the leaves, and the components were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, the main compositions of ALVCs were also assessed for their ability to bind with anti-inflammatory proteins using a docking model. In addition, in vitro tests e.g. inhibition of protein degradation and the inhibition of nitric oxide release using RAW264.7 macrophage cells were utilized for evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that the principal compounds of ALVCs were bulnesol (34.1 %), cubitene (17.8 %), ß-eudesmol (10.4 %), epi-longipinanol (5.9 %), and (Z)-nerolidyl acetate (5.5 %). Three compounds viz. bulnesol, cubitene, and ß-eudesmol bound firmly to cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), as shown by the in silico analysis, similar to the positive control diclofenac. ALVCs effectively inhibited protein degradation with the IC50 of 31 ± 2.3 µg/mL and inhibited nitric oxide production with the IC50 of 43.30 ± 3.37 µg/mL. These findings showed that ALVCs might have a promising anti-inflammatory effect by blocking several inflammatory proteins.

A multimodal analytical approach is important in accurately assessing terpene composition in edible essential oils.

Terpenes in essential oils (EOs) have recently received significant attention due to their potential to improve brain and whole-body health. A deeper understanding of the terpene composition of edible EOs is important for fully exploring their possible applications. In our study, we employed a comprehensive study using four different methods to analyze EO samples, including GC-MS with solid phase microextraction (SPME), liquid injection (LI), derivatization to trimethylsilyl ethers (TMSE), and LC-MS. Our findings revealed that relying on a single analytical method may be insufficient for detecting all terpenes in EOs. Despite identifying a total of 156 terpenes in the samples, only 58 were detectable across all 4 methods. To obtain a more accurate terpene profile of EOs, we advocate for the combined use of LI-GC and TMSE-GC. The terpenes detected by these two methods are complementary, enabling the detection of all terpenes with high VIP in the samples.

Geographic variation of mutagenic exposures in kidney cancer genomes.

International differences in the incidence of many cancer types indicate the existence of carcinogen exposures that have not yet been identified by conventional epidemiology make a substantial contribution to cancer burden1. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, obesity, hypertension and tobacco smoking are risk factors, but they do not explain the geographical variation in its incidence2. Underlying causes can be inferred by sequencing the genomes of cancers from populations with different incidence rates and detecting differences in patterns of somatic mutations. Here we sequenced 962 clear cell renal cell carcinomas from 11 countries with varying incidence. The somatic mutation profiles differed between countries. In Romania, Serbia and Thailand, mutational signatures characteristic of aristolochic acid compounds were present in most cases, but these were rare elsewhere. In Japan, a mutational signature of unknown cause was found in more than 70% of cases but in less than 2% elsewhere. A further mutational signature of unknown cause was ubiquitous but exhibited higher mutation loads in countries with higher incidence rates of kidney cancer. Known signatures of tobacco smoking correlated with tobacco consumption, but no signature was associated with obesity or hypertension, suggesting that non-mutagenic mechanisms of action underlie these risk factors. The results of this study indicate the existence of multiple, geographically variable, mutagenic exposures that potentially affect tens of millions of people and illustrate the opportunities for new insights into cancer causation through large-scale global cancer genomics.

Low HBV knowledge is associated with low HBV vaccination uptake in general adult population despite incentivization of HBV vaccination.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Vietnamese adults remains low and unequally distributed. We conducted a study on HBV-naïve adults living in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, to determine barriers associated with HBV vaccination uptake after removing the financial barrier by providing free coupons for HBV vaccination. METHODS: After being screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc, 284 HBV-naïve study participants aged 18 and over (i.e., negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc total) were provided free 3-dose HBV vaccine coupons. Next, study participants' receipt of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was documented at a pre-specified study healthcare facility, where HBV vaccines were distributed at no cost to the participants. Upon study entry, participants answered questionnaires on sociodemographics, knowledge of HBV and HBV vaccination, and related social and behavioral factors. The proportions of three doses of HBV vaccine uptake and their confidence intervals were analyzed. Associations of HBV vaccine initiation with exposures at study entry were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. RESULTS: 98.9% (281 of 284) of study participants had complete data and were included in the analysis. The proportion of participants obtaining the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was 11.7% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 8.0-15.5%), 10.7% (95%CI 7.1-14.3%), and 8.9% (95%CI 5.6-12.2%), respectively. On the other hand, participants were more likely to initiate the 1st dose if they had adequate knowledge of transmission (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.58, 95% CI 1.12-5.92), adequate knowledge of severity (aRR = 6.75, 95%CI 3.38-13.48), and annual health-checking seeking behavior (aRR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.07-3.87). CONCLUSION: We documented a low HBV vaccination uptake despite incentivization. However, increased vaccine initiation was associated with better HBV knowledge and annual health check-up adherence. When considering expanding HBV vaccination to the general adult population, we should appreciate that HBV knowledge is an independent predictor of vaccine uptake.

Serial Tissue Expansion and Skin Grafts in the Management of a Giant Congenital Nevus of the Face: Review of Literature and Case Report.

Giant congenital nevi, especially on the head and neck, pose a challenge for plastic surgeons. This requires extensive experience in detailed planning, combining different techniques, and selecting appropriate materials for reconstruction. There have been reports of using a tissue expander, serial resection method, and full-thickness skin grafts for this type of nevus. However, the best way to completely remove a giant congenital nevus is endless. In this article, we would like to present a case of a left hemifacial giant congenital nevus in which we used multiple tissue expansion to fully replace the nevus, along with some of our modification techniques.

Development of RP HPLC-PDA method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of Inoscavin A and Meshimakobnol A and application on some Phellinus mushroom species.

Phellinus igniarius, a medicinal mushroom containing many active ingredients with health benefits, can be applied in functional food. At present, the quantification of the main active ingredients from higher fungi (Ganoderma, Phellinus…) materials from different growing sources is a mandatory requirement to standardize the input resources of pharmaceutical and food production. Our study's aims are to perfect the RP HPLC-PDA method for quantitative analysis of Inoscavin A and Meshimakobnol A which are two main active ingredients present in Phellinus mushroom. In this analytical method, a C18-HPLC column and the mixture of methanol and formic acid solutions (pH = 2.2) are used to analyze and elute the active substances with the column activity parameters being the concentration gradient. This perfect method was tested for system suitability, repeatability, intermediate precision, recovery, and linear curve calibration to validate the method. After validation, the perfected RP HPLC-PDA method was applied to analyze eight samples of Phellinus and three samples of Ganoderma mushroom category. This method can be the basis for classifying between Phellinus and some other medicinal mushrooms.

Disparities in telemedicine use among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander individuals insured through Medicaid.

States have implemented policy changes to increase access to telemedicine services for individuals receiving Medicaid benefits. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) individuals experienced disproportionate harms from COVID-19 and have long experienced disparities in health care access compared with other racial and ethnic groups, making the issue of telemedicine access particularly salient for NHPI individuals on Medicaid. Utilizing 100% 2020-2021 Medicaid claims, we compared trends in telemedicine use between NHPI and non-Hispanic White individuals on Medicaid in Washington State and conducted a decomposition analysis to identify drivers of underlying disparities. In both years, NHPI individuals were 38%-39% less likely to use any telemedicine than White individuals after adjusting for patient- and area-level characteristics. Decomposition analysis revealed that most of this difference was due to differential effects of characteristics, rather than group differences in characteristics. Namely, several characteristics that were associated with increased telemedicine use had more muted associations for NHPI vs White individuals, such as English as the primary spoken language and female sex. These findings suggest the presence of limited acceptability of or group-specific barriers to telemedicine for NHPI individuals, including potential discrimination in being offered telemedicine visits. These issues should be understood and mitigated through close collaboration between health care leaders and NHPI communities.

Investigation of in vitro Biological Activity from Extracts of Ruellia tuberosa.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> is a common plant in the Mekong Delta and is widely used in many Vietnamese folk remedies. This study was conducted to investigate the potential use of roots, stems, leaves of <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> as antioxidant, antimicrobial, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase associated with diabetes. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-Azino-Bis-(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reducing power (RP) assays. The antibacterial activity of extracts from <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. <b>Results:</b> The root extract of <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> has more polyphenols (32.49±0.72 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (15.48±1.32 mg QE/g extract) than the other parts. Simultaneously, the root extract of <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> has antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ values range from 117.67±2.82 to 569.20±7.68 µg/mL), inhibiting amylase (IC₅₀ = 266.72±10.58 µg/mL) and glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 147.13±3.58 µg/mL) enzymes more effectively than the other parts. Research results also show that extracts from <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> are capable of inhibiting <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1280 to 10240 mg/mL. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results highlighted the potential using of <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> extracts as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors agents.

Study protocol: Early neurological deterioration in patients with minor stroke, frequency, predictors, and outcomes in Vietnam single-centre study.

Early neurological deterioration (END) is progressive neurological deterioration with an increase in NIHSS score of 2 points or more in the first 72 hours from the onset of acute ischemic stroke. END increases the risk of poor clinical outcomes at day 90 of ischemic stroke. We will study the frequency, predictors, and outcomes of patients with END in a case-control study at a comprehensive stroke centre in Vietnam. of the design is a descriptive observational study, longitudinal follow-up of patients with minor stroke hospitalized at the Stroke Center of Bach Mai Hospital from December 1, 2023, to December 1, 2024. Minor stroke patients characterized by NIHSS score ≤ 5 hospitalized within 24 hours of symptom onset will be recruited. The estimated END rate is about 30%, relative accuracy ε = 0.11, 95% reliability, expected 5% of patients lost data or follow-up, and an estimated sample size of 779 patients. This study will help determine the END rate in patients with minor stroke and related factors, thereby building a prognostic model for END. Our study determined the END rate in patients with minor stroke in Vietnam and also proposed risk factors for minor stroke management and treatment.

Cu2MoS4 Nanocatalyst-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Ofloxacin Electro-Oxidation: Delineating the Combined Roles of Crystallinity and Morphology on the Analytical Performance.

In this study, we demonstrate the influence of crystallinity and morphology on the analytical performance of various Cu2MoS4 (CMS) nanocatalysts-based electrochemical sensors for the high-efficiency detection of Ofloxacin (OFX) antibiotic. The electrochemical kinetics parameters including peak current response (ΔIp), peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp), electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), electron-transfer resistance (Rct), were obtained through the electrochemical analyses, which indicate the single-crystalline nature of CMS nanomaterials (NMs) is beneficial for enhanced electron-transfer kinetics. The morphological features and the electrochemical results for OFX detection substantiate that by tuning the tube-like to plate-like structures of the CMS NMs, it might noticeably enhance multiple adsorption sites and more intrinsic active catalytic sites due to the diffusion of analytes into the interstitial spaces between CMS nanoplates. As results, highly single-crystalline and plate-shaped morphology structures of CMS NMs would significantly enhance the electrocatalytic OFX oxidation in terms of onset potential (Eonset), Tafel slope, catalytic rate constant (kcat), and adsorption capacity (Γ). The CMS NMs-based electrochemical sensing platform showed excellent analytical performance toward the OFX detection with two ultra-wide linear detection concentration ranges from 0.25-100 and 100-1000 µM, a low detection limit of 0.058 µM, and an excellent electrochemical sensitivity (0.743 µA µM-1 cm-2).

Essential oil of the leaves of psychotria asiatica L.: chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties.

This study is focused on investigating the chemical composition and bioactive properties of the essential oil extracted from Psychotria asiatica L., a plant species known for its medicinal properties. Utilising gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, the essential oil from P. asiatica was found to contain 53 distinct constituents. Major compounds identified include (E)-citral (20.6%), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (15.9%), (Z)-citral (10.5%), geraniol (7.4%), α-cadinol (6.7%), 7-epi-α-eudesmol (4.4%), linalool (3.7%), and α-muurolol (3.4%). The essential oil did not exhibit antioxidant activity, as indicated by an IC50 value of > 100 µg/mL, whereas the positive control L-Ascorbic acid had an IC50 of 7.37 ± 0.27 µg/mL in the DPPH model. Assessment of its anti-inflammatory potential revealed an inhibitory effect on NO production, with an IC50 value of 29.08 ± 1.54 µg/mL in Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, the essential oil demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against the SK-LU-1 cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 39.75 ± 1.79 µg/mL according to the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.