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OBJECTIVE: Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis (TH) is a very common technique for coronal angular deformity of the knee in children, especially non-idiopathic. However, there is currently a dearth of comparative research on the hinge eight-plate (HEP) and traditional eight-plate (TEP). This study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness and implant-related complication rates of TH using TEP and HEP for non-idiopathic coronal angular deformity, as well as to identify clinical factors affecting correction velocity. METHODS: We retrospectively observed a consecutive series of patients with non-idiopathic coronal angular deformity of the knee who underwent TH using HEP or TEP and completed the deformity correction process from July 2016 to July 2022. According to the kind of eight plates, we divided those patients into the HEP group and the TEP treatment group. Relevant clinical factors, including the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), screw divergence angle (SDA), angle of plate and screw (APS), hinge angle of HEP (HA), and the knee zone location of the lower extremity mechanical axis, were documented. Additionally, deformity correction velocity, complications, and clinical efficacy were assessed. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test, Fisher exact test, or Wilcoxon test, while continuous variables were evaluated using the t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: There were 29 patients in the HEP treatment group (seven girls and 22 boys) and 33 patients (12 girls and 21 boys) in the TEP treatment group. In all, 91.86% (79/86 knees) of the genu angular deformities were completely corrected, 6.98% (6/86 knees) had the overcorrection condition, and 10.47% (9/86 knees) had screw loosening. The swayback HEP rate was 11.29% (7/62 HEPs), which was related to the screw loosening in the HEP group (p < 0.001). The overall correction velocities and screw divergence angle change speeds in the HEP group were all significantly faster than those in the TEP group (p < 0.05). The initial APS of the HEP implanted was higher than that of TEP (p < 0.01), and multisite changes of APS during deformity correction of the HEP group were smaller than that of the TEP group. CONCLUSION: HEP proved to be an appropriate device for TH for non-idiopathic coronal angular deformities of the knee with high correction velocity in children. Avoiding the occurrence of the swayback phenomenon may reduce the complications of HEP.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of proximal femoral bone cysts in pediatric patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 pediatric patients (31 males and 10 females, mean age 7.47 ± 2.67 years, range 2.03-14.67 years) diagnosed with proximal femoral bone cysts treated at a single institute between March 2009 and November 2021. Data included demographics, preoperative details, intraoperative conditions, surgical techniques, postoperative outcomes, recurrence, and complications. Results: Of the participants, 68% presented with simple bone cysts and 32% with aneurysmal bone cysts. Prior to surgery, 32% exhibited pathological fractures. Surgical methods included lesion curettage, defect filling using allograft bone and Minimally-Invasive Injectable Graft ×3, and varied fixation techniques. Postoperative recurrence (17%) was associated with cyst location between the capital femoral epiphysis and the linea intertrochanterica (P = 0.010). At the final assessment (mean follow-up: 26.51 ± 18.99 months), all showed radiological bony union with 93% rated as "good" and 7% as 'fair' based on Ratliff hip scores. Complications arose in 20% of patients, significantly correlated with prior pathological fractures (P = 0.007) and their association with the linea intertrochanterica (P = 0.004). Those with fractures reported higher intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.015) and longer surgery durations (P = 0.012) compared to those without. Conclusion: Treating pediatric proximal femoral bone cysts using techniques such as lesion curettage, defect filling, and selective internal fixation yields favorable outcomes. The presence of pathological fractures can prolong surgical time, increase intraoperative blood loss, and elevate postoperative complication risks. Hence, early surgical intervention for these cysts is recommended to prevent fractures.
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Background: Evaluation of intra-articular osteochondral fractures in children with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is important for determining treatment options. Purpose: To (1) compare the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating intra-articular osteochondral fractures; (2) compare the interpretation of CT and MRI images between radiologists and pediatric orthopaedic surgeons (POS); and (3) investigate any clinical factors influencing the accuracy of CT and MRI evaluations. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: We reviewed 35 knees in 35 patients (mean age, 12.2 ± 1.2 years; 12 boys and 23 girls) who were treated arthroscopically for acute traumatic LPD; 71% of the patients had patellar fractures, 54% had femoral fractures, and 60% had free osteochondral fracture fragments. All presurgical MRI and CT images were reviewed by POS who were blinded to both the reports of the radiologists and surgical records. We compared the accuracy of CT and MRI in diagnosing intra-articular osteochondral fractures against the arthroscopic findings and compared the interpretation of the images by the POS (MRI-O, CT-O) with those of the radiologists (MRI-R, CT-R). Results: There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between CT and MRI for overall intra-articular osteochondral fractures by the POS or the radiologists; however, the CT-O images had a higher diagnostic specificity (84.2% vs 69.6%; P < .001) and sensitivity (88.1% vs 70.1%; P < .001) versus the MRI-R images. Regarding free fracture fragments, the CT-R images had a higher diagnostic accuracy than the MRI-R images (73.5% vs 47.1%; P = .026). When backed by clinical data, the MRI-O images had greater diagnostic accuracy (78.7% vs 60.3%; P = .001) and sensitivity (88.1% vs 30.7%; P = .021) but lower specificity compared with the MRI-R images, and the CT-O images had similar diagnostic accuracy but greater sensitivity than the CT-R images (70.1% vs 52.2%; P < .001). The diagnostic accuracy of MRI-O images was lower for children under 12 years versus children 12 years and over (67.5% vs 83.3%; P = .040). Conclusion: Compared with MRI, CT scans had better diagnostic performance in the evaluation of intra-articular osteochondral fractures in pediatric patients with acute traumatic LPD. Clinical data enhanced the diagnostic sensitivity of MRI and CT but decreased the specificity of MRI. MRI evaluations remain challenging for both POS and radiologists.