Chalcone derivatives as promising antifoulants: Molecular optimization, bioactivity evaluation and performance in coatings.

Marine biofouling remains a huge concern for maritime industries and for environmental health. Although the current biocide-based antifouling coatings can prevent marine biofouling, their use has been associated with toxicity for the marine environment, being urgent to find sustainable alternatives. Previously, our research group has identified a prenylated chalcone (1) with promising antifouling activity against the settlement of larvae of the macrofouling species Mytilus galloprovincialis (EC50 = 16.48 µM and LC50 > 200 µM) and lower ecotoxicity when compared to Econea®, a commercial antifouling agent in use. Herein, a series of chalcone 1 analogues were designed and synthesized in order to obtain optimized antifouling compounds with improved potency while maintaining low ecotoxicity. Compounds 8, 15, 24, and 27 showed promising antifouling activity against the settlement of M. galloprovincialis larvae, being dihydrochalcone 27 the most potent. The effect of compound 24 was associated with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 24 also showed potent complementary activity against Navicula sp. (EC50 = 4.86 µM), similarly to the lead chalcone 1 (EC50 = 6.75 µM). Regarding the structure-activity relationship, the overall results demonstrate that the substitution of the chalcone of the lead compound 1 by a dihydrochalcone scaffold resulted in an optimized potency against the settlement of mussel larvae. Marine polyurethane (PU)-based coatings containing the best performed compound concerning anti-settlement activity (dihydrochalcone 27) were prepared, and mussel larvae adherence was reduced compared to control PU coatings.

Preliminary hazard assessment of a new nature-inspired antifouling (NIAF) agent.

A recently synthesized aminated 3,4-dioxygenated xanthone (Xantifoul2) was found to have promising antifouling (AF) effects against the settlement of the macrofouler Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae. Preliminary assessment indicated that Xantifoul2 has reduced ecotoxicological impacts: e.g., being non-toxic to the marine crustacea Artemia salina (<10 % mortality at 50 µM) and showing low bioconcentration factor in marine organisms. In order to meet the EU Biocidal Product Regulation, a preliminary hazard assessment of this new nature-inspired antifouling (NIAF) agent was conducted in this work. Xantifoul2 did not affect the swimming ability of the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna, the growth of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the cellular respiration of luminescent Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio fischeri, supporting the low toxicity towards several non-target marine species. Regarding human cytotoxicity, Xantifoul2 did not affect the cell viability of retinal human cells (hTERT-RPE-1) and lipidomic studies revealed depletion of lipids involved in cell death, membrane modeling, lipid storage, and oxidative stress only at a high concentration (10 µM). Accelerated degradation studies in water were conducted under simulated sunlight to allow the understanding of putative transformation products (TPs) that could be generated in the aquatic ecosystems. Both Xantifoul2 and photolytic-treated Xantifoul2 in the aqueous matrix were therefore evaluated on several nuclear receptors (NRs). The results of this preliminary hazard assessment of Xantifoul2, combined with the high degradation rates in water, provide strong evidence of the safety of this AF agent under the evaluated conditions, and provide the support for future validation studies before this compound can be introduced in the market.

Influence of nutrient, toxic metal and herbicide contents on the soil bacterial communities in tropical vegetable growing areas.

The relationship between bacterial diversity and the bioavailability of nutrients, toxic metals and the herbicide oxyfluorfen in a tropical vegetable growing area was evaluated. The study was conducted in a vegetable growing area located in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and samples were collected in areas of vegetable cultivation and areas of environmental reserve. Fertility analyses and determination of the pseudototal levels of toxic metals in the soil samples were performed. The profile of the soil bacterial community was determined by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and separation by DGGE. The results showed that the levels of toxic metals and elements associated with soil fertility were higher in vegetable production areas. These differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil favored the presence of a greater number of OTUs in the cultivation areas (17.3-27 OTUs) than in the areas of environmental reserve (13-22 OTUs). Therefore, this study demonstrates that the presence of toxic metals and the herbicide oxyfluorfen and the increase in fertility in soils in areas with intensive vegetable cultivation resulting from the intensive management adopted in these areas promotes a differentiation of the bacterial profiles in soils in tropical vegetable growing areas.

Prática médica frente às demências nos municípios polos de residência em saúde da família em Minas Gerais / Medical practice for the management of dementias in the municipalities that are center of residency in family healthcare in Minas Gerais

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a prática de profissionais médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) de municípios polos de Residência em Saúde da Família e Comunidade em Minas Gerais (MG), Brasil. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, realizado de março a outubro de 2018 com médicos e médicos residentes que atuavam nas equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família de oito municípios de MG. Avaliou-se as características sociodemográficas, a participação em capacitações específicas para demência e as práticas dos médicos no cuidado da pessoa idosa com demência. Resultados Dentre os profissionais, a maioria eram do sexo feminino (63,4%), possuíam até 30 anos de idade (57,7%) e não participaram de capacitação em demência (60%). Observou-se que a maior parte dos médicos diagnosticaram a patologia no estágio moderado a grave (67,5%). Entre as dificuldades para identificar casos de demências, destacaram-se: a baixa utilidade dos exames complementares (26,8%) e a dificuldade em diferenciar sinais e sintomas das demências de seus principais diagnósticos diferenciais (50%). A participação em capacitação influenciou nas dificuldades de identificação de casos (p=0,019), diferenciação de sinais e sintomas (p=0,018), confiança sobre o diagnóstico (p<0,001), responsabilização do diagnóstico pelo serviço especializado (p=0,019) e baixa disponibilidade de tempo dos profissionais (p=0,015). Conclusão O ensino prático direcionado à demência fornecido aos profissionais de saúde durante a formação médica ainda é incipiente e exige aperfeiçoamento, sendo necessárias intervenções educativas junto à equipe da APS e o aprimoramento dos protocolos voltados ao diagnóstico precoce e ao manejo das demências.

Abstract Objective To analyze the practice of medical professionals in Primary Health Care (PHC) in municipalities that are centers of Residency in Family Healthcare in Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Method This is a cross-sectional and analytical study carried out from March to October 2018 with doctors and resident doctors who worked in the Family Health Strategy teams in eight municipalities in MG. The sociodemographic characteristics, participation in specific training for dementia, and practices of doctors in caring for the old person with dementia were evaluated. Results Among the professionals, most were female (63.4%) aged 30 years or less (57.7%), and did not participate in training for dementia (60%). It was observed that most doctors diagnosed the pathology in the moderate to the severe stage (67.5%). Among the difficulties in identifying cases of dementia, the following stood out: poor use of complementary exams (26.8%) and difficulty in differentiating signs and symptoms of dementia from their main differential diagnoses (50%). Participation in training influenced the difficulties in identifying the cases (p=0.019), differentiation of signs and symptoms (p=0.018), confidence in the diagnosis (p<0.001), responsibility for the diagnosis by the specialized service (p=0.019), and low availability of time by professionals (p=0.015). Conclusion Practical education in dementia provided to health professionals during medical training is still incipient and requires improvement, demanding educational interventions with the PHC team, and improvement of protocols aimed at early diagnosis and management of dementia.

Conhecimento e atitudes dos enfermeiros diante de gestantes com sintomas da Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gestação (DHEG)atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) / Nursing's knowledge and attitudes who tends pregnant with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Disease (PIHD) symptoms in Basic Health Units (BHU)

Objetivo - A proposta desta pesquisa foi avaliar as percepções dos enfermeiros durante as consultas de pré-natal; suas ações imediatas ao atender uma gestante na UBS (Unidade Básica de Saúde) com sinais e sintomas sugestivos de DHEG (Doença Hipertensiva Especifica da Gravidez). Os índices de mortalidade nas gestantes por DHEG são muito elevados; por isso decidimos realizar a pesquisa nas UBS dada a demanda de atendimento de pré-natal. Questionou-se: quais as percepções do enfermeiro ao verificar que a gestante apresenta sinais e sintomas sugestivos da DHEG para poder encaminhar a gestante para o alto risco? Este trabalho teve como finalidade identificar as percepções dos enfermeiros sobre a identificação dos sinais e sintomas sugestivos da DHEG em nível de atendimento primário, e quais orientações que o enfermeiro dá à gestante com sinais e sintomas da DHEG. Métodos - A pesquisa foi realizada nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um município do interior de São Paulo. A população foi composta de 10 profissionais graduados em Enfermagem todos do gênero feminino. Resultados - Os profissionais de Enfermagem apontaram a tríade edema, proteinúria e hipertensão como sinais clássicos da DHEG e abordaram nas orientações a mudança de hábito, principalmente alimentar. Conclusões - Conclui-se que os enfermeiros têm conhecimento técnico/científico para reconhecer os sinais sintomas sugestivo da DHEG e suas orientações para prevenir o mau prognóstico são muitíssimo importantes para a gestante.

Objective - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of nurses during the prenatal care; their immediate action to meet a woman at the BHU (Basic Health Unit) with signs and symptoms of eclampsia (pregnancy-induced hypertension disease). Mortality rates inpregnant women by PIHD are very high, so we decided to undertake research in BHU given the demand for care of prenatal care. So we ask: what are the perceptions of nurses and found that the woman has signs and symptoms suggestive of PIHD to be able to refer the mother to the high risk? This study was aimed to identify the perceptions of nurses on the identification of signs and symptoms suggestive of PIHD- level primary care, and what guidelines the nurses to pregnant women with signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia. Methods - The study was conducted in the Basic Health of a city in the interior of São Paulo. The population consisted of 10 nursing graduates in all females. Results - Nursing professionals showed the triad of edema, proteinuria and hypertension as classic signs of PIHD and addressed the guidelines change of habit, especially food. Conclusions - We concluded that nurses have technical/scientific knowledge to recognize the signs of symptoms suggestive of PIHD and its guidelines to prevent the poor prognosis are extremely important for pregnant women.

Compreendendo a comunidade: experiência da equipe interdisciplinar do Bom Jardim - Fortaleza (CE) / Understanding the community: the experience of the interdisciplinary team of Bom Jardim - Fortaleza, Ceará

O presente trabalho objetiva sistematizar o relato de experiência da equipe de estudantes do Projeto de Extensão Liga de Saúde da Família inserida na comunidade do Bom Jardim, em um município de Fortaleza. Os estudantes de cursos de graduação da área de saúde constituem uma equipe interdisciplinar e trabalham acompanhados por um facilitador experiente em trabalho comunitário, partindo das seguintes bases teóricas e metodológicas: educação popular em saúde, promoção da saúde, saúde da família, psicologia comunitária. Este referencial potencializou a construção compartilhada do conhecimento entre o saber popular e o saber científico partindo da inserção comunitária dos estudantes na comunidade. Esta experiência tem potencializado a inflexão da formação dos estudantes envolvidos, agregando saberes e práticas complexas de leitura e da realidade e atuação em um grande bairro da periferia de Fortaleza.

The present study aims at systematizing the report of the experience of a team of students participating in the Extended Project "League of Family Health" in the community of Bom Jardim, city of Fortaleza. Undergraduate students from the health area form an interdisciplinary team working under the guidance of a facilitator, expert in community work. The theoretical and methodological bases of their work are: health education for the community, health promotion, family health, community psychology. This theoretical reference improved the construction of shared popular and scientific knowledge as a result of the participation of the students in the community. This experience improved the students' communication and relationship skills and helped them to acquire the knowledge and practice necessary for reading the complex reality and working in a big neighborhood on the periphery of Fortaleza.

Enxerto ósseo autógeno em seio maxilar com implantes imediatos / Autogenous bone graft in maxillary sinus membrane with immediate implant

Após a perda de dentes posteriores da maxila, o processo alveolar sofre uma reabsorçäo gradativa, cuja situaçäo é agravada pelo aumento de volume do seio maxilar, provocando, em casos extremos, uma fusäo entre o assoalho do seio e o processo alveolar. Essa eventualidade dificulta e limita o planejamento cirúrgico-protético com implantes osseointegrados. Com a finalidade de melhorar as condiçöes do rebordo alveolar para a colocaçäo de implantes na regiäo superior posterior, relatamos casos clínicos com enxertos ósseos autógenos e implantes em um único estágio, por intermédio da elevaçäo da membrana do seio maxilar, permitindo a instalaçäo de implantes osseointegrados e a conseqüente reabilitaçäo protética

Pilar Cer Adapt: uma evoluçäo estética para restauraçöes unitárias anteriores implantossuportadas / Cer Adapt abutment: an esthetic evolution for anterior single-tooth implant restorations

Esta técnica foi desenvolvida pela Nobel Biocare para ser utilizada em restauraçöes unitárias implantossuportadas em dentes anteriores até regiöes de pré-molares, onde se têm grandes necessidades estéticas que näo podem ser obtidas com os pilares de conexäo ("abutments") de titânio. É indicada também para implantes com angulaçäo difícil, quando colocados muito superficialmente e nos casos de gengiva muito delgada. O pilar Cer Adapt é de uso específico no Branemark System² para implantes com diâmetro de 3,75 e 4,0 mm. Este método oferece melhores condiçöes estéticas e de saúde dos tecidos moles, permitindo um perfil de emergência natural e gradual. Isso soluciona freqüentes problemas encontrados em restauraçöes unitárias anteriores implantossuportadas