Parental autonomy support and psychological control and children's biobehavioral functioning: Historical cohort differences in urban China.

This study examined parental autonomy support and psychological control and their relations with child biobehavioral functioning. Participants included 238 Chinese parent-child dyads (Mage-child = 8.38 years, 42.0% girls) in two cohorts (2013 and 2021). Parents in the 2021 cohort displayed higher levels of autonomy support and psychological control during the parent-child interaction than in the 2013 cohort. Parental psychological control was positively associated with emotion regulation and negatively associated with externalizing problems in the 2013 cohort, but not in the 2021 cohort. Parental psychological control was also negatively associated with vagal suppression in the 2021 cohort, but not in the 2013 cohort. The result suggests that sociocultural contexts may shape the display of parental behaviors and their significance for child development.

Lachnoclostridium intestinal flora is associated with immunotherapy efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Effective biomarkers for assessing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy efficacy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still lacking. The human gut microbiota has been shown to influence clinical response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in many cancers. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma has not been determined. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in which fecal and blood samples from patients with NPC were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing and survival analysis. To investigate potential differences in the gut microbiome between these groups and to identify potential biomarkers indicative of immunotherapy efficacy, patients were categorized into two groups according to their clinical response to immunotherapy, the responder group (R group) and the non-responder group (NR group). Progression-free survival (PFS) between these subgroups was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with the log-rank test. Additionally, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate prognostic factors. Finally, we carried out non-targeted metabolomics to examine the metabolic effects associated with the identified microbiome. RESULTS: Our 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the abundance of Lachnoclostridium was higher in the NR group than in the R group (p = 0.003), and alpha diversity analysis showed that the abundance of microbiota in the NR group was higher than that in the R group (p = 0.050). Patients with a lower abundance of Lachnoclostridium had better PFS (p = 0.048). Univariate (p = 0.017) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.040) showed that Lachnoclostridium was a predictor of PFS. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that Lachnoclostridium affects the efficacy of immunotherapy through the usnic acid. CONCLUSIONS: High abundance of Lachnoclostridium predicts poor prognosis in patients with NPC receiving immunotherapy.

In-situ aircraft observations of aerosol and cloud microphysical characteristics of mixed-phase clouds over the North China Plain.

Aerosol-cloud interactions play a vital role in climate change. This study leverages observations from the King-350 aircraft over the North China Plain on November 29, 2019, to examine aerosol and cloud microphysical characteristics of mixed-phase clouds. Through detailed vertical and spectral distributions, we investigate aerosol, cloud droplet, and ice crystal distributions in seeded clouds (SC) and natural precipitating clouds (NPC) within the same cloud system. From the vertical profile, SC and NPC have similar vertical distributions of aerosol and cloud droplets, with over 95 % of aerosols concentrated below 1600 m near the ground. Cloud droplets are more evenly distributed within the two clouds, cloud droplet number concentrations (Nc) in SC were three orders of magnitude higher than in NPC. Ice water content (IWC) and ice crystal number concentration (Ni) show distinct layer preferences-accumulating predominantly in SC's top layer and NPC's middle layer. From spectral distribution, a smaller proportion of cloud droplets (40-50 µm in diameter, the same hereafter) in SC compared to NPC. Rimed ice crystals and globular graupel (1325-1550 µm in diameter) were in SC, while plate and irregular ice crystals (300-450 µm) were in NPC with an order of magnitude higher than in SC. These microphysical differences highlight the complexity of cloud seeding efficacy, which varies based on cloud conditions and microphysical properties. In the first seeding, Ni increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude (125-300 µm) in the high Nc (Nc > 1.11 × 105 L-1) region. Seeding in low Nc (Nc < 1.11 × 105 L-1) regions was hard to be effective, especially in low Nc and low liquid water content (LWC) (LWC < 0.122 g/m3) regions. In the second seeding, ice crystals (125-250 µm) produced by the first seeding enhance the seeding efficiency. The responded regions were more sensitive to subsequent seeding, resulting in stronger reactions or longer duration.

Thermo-responsive aqueous two-phase system for two-level compartmentalization.

Hierarchical compartmentalization responding to changes in intracellular and extracellular environments is ubiquitous in living eukaryotic cells but remains a formidable task in synthetic systems. Here we report a two-level compartmentalization approach based on a thermo-responsive aqueous two-phase system (TR-ATPS) comprising poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and dextran (DEX). Liquid membraneless compartments enriched in PNIPAM are phase-separated from the continuous DEX solution via liquid-liquid phase separation at 25 °C and shrink dramatically with small second-level compartments generated at the interface, resembling the structure of colloidosome, by increasing the temperature to 35 °C. The TR-ATPS can store biomolecules, program the spatial distribution of enzymes, and accelerate the overall biochemical reaction efficiency by nearly 7-fold. The TR-ATPS inspires on-demand, stimulus-triggered spatiotemporal enrichment of biomolecules via two-level compartmentalization, creating opportunities in synthetic biology and biochemical engineering.

Role of combined surgical and radiotherapy treatment in nonmetastatic WHO I nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSCC) is recognized as WHO I nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Current guidelines for treating nasopharyngeal cancer do not delineate specific strategies for individual pathologic subtypes. OBJECTIVES: To explore the optimal treatment for KSCC of the nasopharynx. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on patients were extracted from the SEER database. Survival differences between patients treated with radiotherapy alone and combined surgery were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models and compared using propensity score matching (PSM). In addition, we explored the survival differences between the two groups of patients in different risk stratifications. RESULTS: In our study, 165 patients underwent surgical intervention, while 1238 patients did not. In both univariate (CSS: p = .001, HR = 0.612; OS: p < .001, HR = 0.623) and multivariate (CSS: p = .004, HR = 0.655; OS: p < .001, HR = 0.655) analyses, combined surgery was identified as a significant prognostic factor. These findings were consistent after PSM. Using RPA, patients were categorized into two groups. CSS improved in the high-risk group, whereas the difference in low-risk patients was not significant. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: For patients diagnosed with WHO I nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the combination of radiotherapy and surgery has significant clinical advantages, especially for patients at high risk.

Heterostructured Mn-Sn Bimetallic Sulfide Nanocubes Confined in N, S-co-Doped Carbon Framework as High-Performance Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Benefiting from its high theoretical capacity, tin disulfide (SnS2) draws abundant interest and attention for its promising practical prospect for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the huge volumetric variation in sodiation/desodiation reactions usually results in the fast decay of rate and cycling properties, which seriously obstructs its future applicable foregrounds. Herein, heterostructured Mn-Sn bimetallic sulfide nanocubes confined in N and S-codoped carbon (MSS@NSC) were rationally designed via a facile coprecipitation followed by a sulfurization strategy. When used as anodes for SIBs, the heterojunctions at the interfaces effectively accelerate the Na+ diffusion rate to promote the sodium-storage reaction kinetics. The N and S-codoped carbon provides a rapid conductive framework for the fast charge transport during the sodium-storage process. Moreover, the beneficial confinement effect of the NSC layer effectively guarantees a superb cycle property for the MSS@NSC anode. The favorable synergistic effects between the highly conductive framework of the NSC and MSS heterostructure endow the MSS@NSC anode with satisfactory electrochemical Na-storage properties.

Effect of Postbiotics Derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01 (DSM 14870) on Sperm Quality: A Prospective In Vitro Study.

Vaginally administered postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus were recently demonstrated to be effective in alleviating bacterial vaginosis and increasing pregnancy rates. However, their potential effect on sperm quality has not been well investigated. This controlled in vitro study aimed to assess the dose- and time-dependent effects of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01 (DSM 14870) on sperm quality parameters. The experiment was conducted in vitro to eliminate potential confounding factors from the female reproductive tract and vaginal microbiota. Sperm samples from 18 healthy donors were subjected to analysis using Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) in various concentrations of postbiotics and control mediums at baseline, 60 min, and 90 min of incubation. Results indicated that lower postbiotic concentration (PB5) did not adversely affect sperm motility, kinematic parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, and normal morphology at any time. However, concentrations exceeding 15% demonstrated a reduction in progressively motile sperm and a negative correlation with non-progressively motile sperm at all time points. These findings underscore the importance of balancing postbiotic dosage to preserve sperm motility while realizing the postbiotics' vaginal health benefits. Further research is warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms and refine practical applications in reproductive health.

Changes in emotion regulation strategies during the pandemic: prospective pathways to adolescent depressive symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Emotion regulation (ER) is considered central in adolescent psychopathology, and ER strategies may change during challenging times, such as a global pandemic. Despite this, there remains a limited understanding of individual differences in ER mechanisms and their associations with psychopathology. This study examined whether and how cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and self-compassion changed over COVID-19 and how these changes uniquely predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms. METHODS: A total of 2,411 adolescents (58.6% females; Mage = 18.51, SD = 0.80) completed the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Self-compassion Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90 before COVID-19 (in 2019) and during COVID-19 (in 2020). The predictive associations between each ER strategy and depressive symptoms were tested with latent change score models. RESULTS: Adolescents' use of expressive suppression and self-compassion strategies both increased during COVID-19. More increases in expressive suppression predicted more depressive symptoms, whereas more increases in self-compassion predicted fewer depressive symptoms. Although, on average, cognitive reappraisal did not change, it did show significant variations within the sample - increases (vs. decreases) in cognitive appraisal predicted fewer depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates how adolescents' ER strategies changed during the unprecedented global pandemic. It underscores protective roles of increased cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion, as well as the adverse consequence of heightened expressive suppression on adolescents' depressive symptoms. Findings offer insights for targeted interventions aimed at addressing specific ER strategies.

The stratified effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in upper limb motor impairment recovery after stroke: a meta-analysis.

Background: The recovery of upper extremity motor impairment after stroke remains a challenging task. The clinical effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is believed to aid in the recovery process, is still uncertain. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline (Ovid), Cochrane and Embase electronic databases from March 28, 2014, to March 28, 2023. The inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of rTMS on the recovery of upper limb motor impairment among stroke patients. Various measurements, including the Fugl Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale (FMA-UE), Brunnstrom recovery stage, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and Barthel index, were evaluated both before and after the intervention. Results: Nineteen articles with 865 patients were included. When considering only the rTMS parameters, both inhibitory and excitatory rTMS improved FMA-UE (MD = 1.87, 95% CI = [0.88]-[2.86], p < 0.001) and Barthel index (MD = 9.73, 95% CI = [4.57]-[14.89], p < 0.001). When considering only the severity of upper limb hemiplegia, both less severe (MD = 1.56, 95% CI = [0.64]-[2.49], p < 0.001) and severe (MD = 2.05, 95% CI = [1.09]-[3.00], p < 0.001) hemiplegia benefited from rTMS based on FMA-UE. However, when considering the rTMS parameters, severity of hemiplegia and stroke stages simultaneously, inhibitory rTMS was found to be significantly effective for less severe hemiplegia in the acute and subacute phases (MD = 4.55, 95% CI = [2.49]-[6.60], p < 0.001), but not in the chronic phase based on FMA-UE. For severe hemiplegia, inhibitory rTMS was not significantly effective in the acute and subacute phases, but significantly effective in the chronic phase (MD = 2.10, 95% CI = [0.75]-[3.45], p = 0.002) based on FMA-UE. Excitatory rTMS was found to be significantly effective for less severe hemiplegia in the acute and subacute phases (MD = 1.93, 95% CI = [0.58]-[3.28], p = 0.005) based on FMA-UE. The improvements in Brunnstrom recovery stage and ARAT need further research. Conclusion: The effectiveness of rTMS depends on its parameters, severity of hemiplegia, and stroke stages. It is important to consider all these factors together, as any single grouping method is incomplete.

Fixed-time command filtered output feedback control for twin-roll inclined casting system with prescribed performance.

The article investigates the issue of fixed-time control with adaptive output feedback for a twin-roll inclined casting system (TRICS) with disturbance. First, by using the mean value theorem, the nonaffine functions are decoupled to simplify the system. Second, radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are introduced to approximate an unknown term, and a nonlinear neural state observer is created to handle the effects of unmeasured states. Then, the backstepping design framework is combined with prescribed performance and command filtering techniques to demonstrate that the scheme proposed in this article guarantees system performance within a fixed-time. The control design parameters determine the upper bound of settling time, regardless of the initial state of the system. Meanwhile, it ensures that all signals in the closed-loop system (CLS) remain bounded, and it can also maintain the tracking error within a predefined range within a fixed time. Finally, simulation results assert the effectiveness of the method.

Establishment of cluster of differentiation 20 immobilized cell membrane chromatography for the screening of active antitumor components in traditional Chinese medicine.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors occurring in B or T lymphocytes, and no small molecule-positive drugs to treat NHL have been marketed. Cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) is an important molecule regulating signaling for the life and differentiation of B lymphocytes and possesses the characteristics of a drug target for treating NHL. 2-Methoxyestradiol induces apoptosis in lymphoma Raji cells and CD20 protein is highly expressed by Raji lymphoma cells. Therefore, in this study, a CD20-SNAP-tag/CMC model was developed to validate the interaction of 2-methoxyestradiol with CD20. 2-Methoxyestradiol was used as a small molecule control compound, and the system was validated for good applicability. The cell membrane chromatography model was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography ion trap time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (HPLC-IT-TOF-MS) in a two-dimensional system to successfully identify, analyze, and characterize the potential active compounds of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. extract and Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim. extract, including Schisandrin A, Schizandrol A, Schizandrol B, Schisantherin B, and Nevadensin, which can act on CD20 receptors. The five potential active compounds were analyzed by non-linear chromatography. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of their interaction with CD20 were also analyzed, and the mode of interaction was simulated by molecular docking. Their inhibitory effects on lymphoma cell growth were assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Nevadensin and Schizandrin A were able to induce apoptosis in Raji cells within a certain concentration range. In conclusion, the present experiments provide some bases for improving NHL treatment and developing small molecule lead compounds targeting CD20 with low toxicity and high specificity.

Peer Stress Spills Over to Family Stress in the Context of Emotion Regulation Difficulties: A Daily Diary Study with Chinese Adolescents.

Conflict in peer and family relationships becomes more common in the adolescent period when compared to previous developmental periods. These typical developmental challenges can be exacerbated in the context of poor emotion regulation skills. Using daily diary data, the current study examined the stress spillover effects of peer and family stress on one another, as well as the moderating role of emotion regulation challenges (i.e., emotional inhibition, dysregulation). A sample of 310 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.02 years, SD = 0.76 years, 50.7% boys) completed an initial measure of emotion regulation difficulties, then reported on peer and family stress for 10 consecutive weekdays. Results indicated that there was an overall same-day peer stress spillover effect in which adolescents' peer stress on a given day was negatively associated with later conflictual interactions with their parents. Further, the relation between peer stress and same- and next-day family stress was exacerbated in the context of high levels of emotional inhibition. Family stress did not significantly relate to next-day peer stress, nor was this association moderated by difficulties with emotion regulation. These results highlight the temporal sequence of daily peer-to-family stress spillover. Though emotional inhibition may be culturally adaptive for maintaining interpersonal harmony, it can be maladaptive in managing stress for Chinese adolescents.

Revealing receptor-ligand interactions of atypical antipsychotic drugs and screening anti-schizophrenia ingredients in Magnolia officinalis based on 5-HTR2A-SNAP-Tag/CMC and DRD2-SNAP-Tag/CMC models.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness with unknown etiology, and shows increasing incidence and high lifetime prevalence rate. The main receptors related to the disease are DRD2 and 5-HTR2A. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction mode between antipsychotic drugs with relevant receptors is very important for developing more effective drugs. 5-HTR2A-SNAP-Tag/CMC and DRD2-SNAP-Tag/CMC models constructed in this work provided a new method for studying the interaction between atypical antipsychotics and the two receptors. The results of comparative experiments showed that the new models not only met the high selectivity and specificity of the screening requirements but were also more stable and long-lasting than the traditional CMC model. Binding assays showed that the effects of three atypical antipsychotics (including clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine) on 5-HTR2A were stronger than their effects on DRD2. Additionally, two potentially active components, magnolol and honokiol, were screened in Magnolia officinalis methanol extract using the 5-HTR2A-SNAP-Tag/CMCHPLC-MS system. Nonlinear chromatographic analysis and molecular docking were conducted to study the interactions between screened compounds and the two receptors. The binding constants (KA) of magnolol and honokiol with 5-HTR2A were 17,854 ± 1,117 M-1 and 38,858 ± 4,964 M-1, respectively, and KA values with DRD2 were 4,872 ± 1,618 M-1 and 20,692 ± 10,267 M-1, respectively. We concluded that the established models are reliable for studying receptor-ligand interactions and screening antagonists of schizophrenia.

Potential of neuroimaging as a biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from structure to metabolism.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration. The development of ALS involves metabolite alterations leading to tissue lesions in the nervous system. Recent advances in neuroimaging have significantly improved our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of ALS, with findings supporting the corticoefferent axonal disease progression theory. Current studies on neuroimaging in ALS have demonstrated inconsistencies, which may be due to small sample sizes, insufficient statistical power, overinterpretation of findings, and the inherent heterogeneity of ALS. Deriving meaningful conclusions solely from individual imaging metrics in ALS studies remains challenging, and integrating multimodal imaging techniques shows promise for detecting valuable ALS biomarkers. In addition to giving an overview of the principles and techniques of different neuroimaging modalities, this review describes the potential of neuroimaging biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognostication of ALS. We provide an insight into the underlying pathology, highlighting the need for standardized protocols and multicenter collaborations to advance ALS research.

Brain eQTLs of European, African American, and Asian ancestry improve interpretation of schizophrenia GWAS.

Research on brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) has illuminated the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia (SCZ). Yet, the majority of these studies have been centered on European populations, leading to a constrained understanding of population diversities and disease risks. To address this gap, we examined genotype and RNA-seq data from African Americans (AA, n=158), Europeans (EUR, n=408), and East Asians (EAS, n=217). When comparing eQTLs between EUR and non-EUR populations, we observed concordant patterns of genetic regulatory effect, particularly in terms of the effect sizes of the eQTLs. However, 343,737 cis-eQTLs (representing ∼17% of all eQTLs pairs) linked to 1,276 genes (about 10% of all eGenes) and 198,769 SNPs (approximately 16% of all eSNPs) were identified only in the non-EUR populations. Over 90% of observed population differences in eQTLs could be traced back to differences in allele frequency. Furthermore, 35% of these eQTLs were notably rare (MAF < 0.05) in the EUR population. Integrating brain eQTLs with SCZ signals from diverse populations, we observed a higher disease heritability enrichment of brain eQTLs in matched populations compared to mismatched ones. Prioritization analysis identified seven new risk genes ( SFXN2 , RP11-282018.3 , CYP17A1 , VPS37B , DENR , FTCDNL1 , and NT5DC2 ), and three potential novel regulatory variants in known risk genes ( CNNM2 , C12orf65 , and MPHOSPH9 ) that were missed in the EUR dataset. Our findings underscore that increasing genetic ancestral diversity is more efficient for power improvement than merely increasing the sample size within single-ancestry eQTLs datasets. Such a strategy will not only improve our understanding of the biological underpinnings of population structures but also pave the way for the identification of novel risk genes in SCZ.

White Matter Plasticity Underpins Cognitive Gains After Multidomain Adaptive Computerized Cognitive Training.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on white matter (WM) neuroplasticity and neuropsychological performance. METHODS: A total of 128 community older adults (64.36 ±â€…6.14 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group received a home-based, multidomain, and adaptive CCT for 30 minutes, 2 days per week for 1 year. Neuropsychological assessments, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and T1-weighted structural MRI were performed at the pre- and post-intervention visits. RESULTS: Eighty-one of 128 participants (41 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group) completed the 1-year intervention, and 61 of them (27 in the intervention group and 34 in the control group) underwent MRI scans twice. After excluding attrition bias, a significant time-by-group interaction on the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT; F = 51.85, p < .001) was found, showing improvement in the intervention group and a decline in the control group. At the brain level, the intervention group exhibited increased axial diffusivity in the left posterior thalamic radiation, and this increase was significantly correlated with reduced SCWT reaction time (r = ‒0.42, p = .029). No significant time-by-group interactions were found for gray matter volume. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that conducting multidomain adaptive CCT is an effective and feasible method to counteract cognitive decline in older adults, with WM neuroplasticity underpinning cognitive improvements. This study contributes to the understanding of the neural basis for the beneficial effect of CCT for older adults.

Impacts of the aerosol mixing state and new particle formation on CCN in summer at the summit of Mount Tai (1534m) in Central East China.

In this study, the aerosol size distributions, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration (NCCN), single-particle chemical composition and meteorological data were collected from May 12 to June 8, 2017, at the summit of Mt. Tai. The effects of new particle formation (NPF) events and aerosol chemical components on CCN at Mt. Tai were analyzed in detail. The results showed that, NPF events significantly enhanced the CCN population, and the enhancement effect increased with increasing supersaturation (SS) value at Mt.Tai. NCCN at SS ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 % on NPF days was 10.9 %, 36.5 %, 44.6 %, 53.5 % and 51.5 % higher than that on non-NPF days from 10:00-13:00 as NPF events progressed. The effect of chemical components on CCN activation under the influence of NPF events was greater than that in the absence of NPF events. The correlation coefficients of EC-Nitrate particles (EC-Sulfate particles) and CCN at all SS levels on NPF days were 1.31-1.59 times (1.17-1.35 times) higher than those on non-NPF days. Nitrate particles promoted CCN activation but sulfate particles inhibited activation at Mt. Tai. There are differences or even opposite effects of the same group of particles on CCN activation under the influence of NPF events in different air masses. EC-Sulfate particles inhibited CCN activation at all SS levels for type I but weakly promoted activation at lower SS ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 % and weakly inhibited it at higher 0.9 % SS for type II. OCEC particles significantly inhibited CCN activation for type II, and this effect decreased with increasing SS. OCEC particles only weakly inhibited activation at SS ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 % for type I. OCEC particles only weakly inhibited this process at 0.1 % SS, while they very weakly promoted activation for SS > 0.1 %. This reveals that the CCN activity is not only related to the chemical composition of the particles, but the mixing state also has an important effect on the CCN activity.

KIT-SNAP-tag/cell membrane chromatography model coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for anti-GIST compound screening from Evodia rutaecarpa.

Gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, as the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, are adjuvantly treated with multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib and sunitinib, but there are problems of drug resistance and complex methods of monitoring therapeutic agents. The pathogenesis of this disease is related to mutations in tyrosine kinase (KIT) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, an important target for drug therapy. In recent years, the screening of relevant tyrosine kinase inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine has become a hotspot in antitumor drug research. In the current study, the KIT-SNAP-tag cell membrane chromatography (KIT-SNAP-tag/CMC) column was prepared with satisfying specificity, selectivity, and reproducibility by chemically bonding high KIT expression cell membranes to the silica gel surface using the SNAP-tag technology. The KIT-SNAP-tag/CMC-HPLC-MS two-dimensional coupling system was investigated using the positive drug imatinib, and the results showed that the system was a reliable model for screening potential antitumor compounds from complex systems. This system screened and identified three potential active compounds of evodiamine (EVO), rutaecarpin (RUT), and dehydroevodiamine (DEVO), which possibly target the KIT receptor, from the alcoholic extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Evodia rutaecarpa. Then, the KD values of the interaction of EVO, RUT, and DEVO with KIT receptors measured using nonlinear chromatography were 7.75 (±4.93) × 10-6, 1.42 (±0.71) × 10-6, and 2.34 (±1.86) × 10-6 mol/L, respectively. In addition, the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay validated the active effects of EVO and RUT in inhibiting the proliferation of high KIT-expressing cells in the ranges of 0.1-10 µmol/L and 0.1-50 µmol/L, respectively. In conclusion, the KIT-SNAP-tag/CMC could be a reliable model for screening antitumor components from complex systems.

Parenting links to parent-child interbrain synchrony: a real-time fNIRS hyperscanning study.

Parent-child interaction is crucial for children's cognitive and affective development. While bio-synchrony models propose that parenting influences interbrain synchrony during interpersonal interaction, the brain-to-brain mechanisms underlying real-time parent-child interactions remain largely understudied. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we investigated interbrain synchrony in 88 parent-child dyads (Mage children = 8.07, 42.0% girls) during a collaborative task (the Etch-a-Sketch, a joint drawing task). Our findings revealed increased interbrain synchrony in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporo-parietal areas during interactive, collaborative sessions compared to non-interactive, resting sessions. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that interbrain synchrony in the left temporoparietal junction was associated with enhanced dyadic collaboration, shared positive affect, parental autonomy support, and parental emotional warmth. These associations remained significant after controlling for demographic variables including child age, child gender, and parent gender. Additionally, differences between fathers and mothers were observed. These results highlight the significant association between brain-to-brain synchrony in parent-child dyads, the quality of the parent-child relationship, and supportive parenting behaviors. Interbrain synchrony may serve as a neurobiological marker of real-time parent-child interaction, potentially underscoring the pivotal role of supportive parenting in shaping these interbrain synchrony mechanisms.

Fabrication of a biochar-doped monolithic adsorbent and its application for the extraction and determination of coumarins from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix.

A monolithic adsorbent was designed aiming to the structure of osthole and columbianadin, and fabricated using diallyl phthalate as the monomer and ethylene dimethacrylate as the crosslinker with the addition of bamboo biochar, via polymerization reaction in a stainless-steel tube. The prepared composite adsorbent packed in the tube was used as a solid-phase extraction column for the extraction and determination of two coumarins (osthole and columbianadin) in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, combing with a C18 analytical column through an HPLC instrument, which show excellent matrix-removal ability and good selectivity to osthole and columbianadin. Furthermore, the present adsorbent shows good applicability, which was used for the extraction of osthole from Duhuo Jisheng Pill. Compared to the commercial C18 and phenyl adsorbent, the present adsorbent own better selectivity and higher resolution. These results attributed to the enhanced specific surface area (141 m2/g) and enriched interaction sites of the resulting composite adsorbent, due to the doping of bamboo biochar, which can produce hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole, π-π and hydrophobic force interactions with the osthole and columbianadin. The methodology validation indicated that the present method showed good precision and good accuracy, and the composite adsorbent showed good preparative repeatability, which can be reused for no less than 100 times with the relative standard deviation ≤4.6 % (n = 100). The present work provided a simple and efficient method for the extraction and determination osthole and columbianadin from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix.