A high-precision oasis dataset for China from remote sensing images.

High-resolution oasis maps are imperative for understanding ecological and socio-economic development of arid regions. However, due to the late establishment and relatively niche nature of the oasis discipline, there are no high-precision datasets related to oases in the world to date. To fill this gap, detailed visual interpretation of remote sensing images on Google Earth Professional or Sentinel-2 was conducted in summer 2020, and for the first time, a high-precision dataset of China's oases (abbreviation HDCO) with a resolution of 1 meter was constructed. HDCO comprises 1,466 oases with a total area of 277,375.56 km2. The kappa coefficient for this dataset validated by the field survey was 0.8686 and the AUC value for the ROC curve was 0.935. In addition, information on the geographic coordinates, climatic conditions, major landforms, and hydrological features of each oasis was added to the attribute table of the dataset. This dataset enables researchers to quantitatively monitor location and area of oases, fosters exploration of the relationship between oases and human under climate change and urbanization.

LncRNA KIFAP3-5:1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cell through PRRX1 in diabetic nephropathy.

Long noncoding RNAs play an important role in several pathogenic processes in diabetic nephropathy, but the relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in DN is unclear. Herein, we found that KIFAP3-5:1 expression was significantly down-regulated in DN plasma samples, db/db mouse kidney tissues and high glucose treated renal tubular epithelial cells compared to normal healthy samples and untreated cells. Overexpression of KIFAP3-5:1 improved renal fibrosis in db/db mice and rescued epithelial-mesenchymal transition of high glucose cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. The silence of KIFAP3-5:1 will exacerbate the progression of EMT. Mechanistically, KIFAP3-5:1 was confirmed to directly target to the -488 to -609 element of the PRRX1 promoter and negatively modulate PRRX1 mRNA and protein expressions. Furthermore, rescue assays demonstrated that the knockdown of PRRX1 counteracted the KIFAP3-5:1 low expression-mediated effects on EMT in hRPTECs cultured under high glucose. The plasma KIFAP3-5:1 of DN patients is highly correlated with the severity of renal dysfunction and plays an important role in the prediction model of DN diseases. These findings suggested that KIFAP3-5:1 plays a critical role in regulation of renal EMT and fibrosis through suppress PRRX1, and highlight the clinical potential of KIFAP3-5:1 to assist in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.

A novel function and mechanism of ischemia-induced retinal astrocyte-derived exosomes for RGC apoptosis of ischemic retinopathy.

Retinal ischemia is a common clinical event leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, resulting in irreversible vision loss. In the retina, glia-neuron communication is crucial for multiple functions and homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles, notably exosomes, play a critical role. The functions and mechanisms of retinal astrocyte-secreted exosomes remain unclear. Here, we isolated astrocyte-derived exosomes under hypoxia or normoxia and explored their role in an in vivo retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) model. We found that hypoxia triggered astrocytes to produce a significantly increased number of exosomes, which could be internalized by RGCs in vivo or in vitro. Also, in the RIR model, the hypoxia-induced exosomes ameliorated the RIR injury and suppressed the RGC apoptosis. Furthermore, microRNA sequencing of retinal astrocyte-secreted exosomes revealed different patterns of exosomal miRNAs under hypoxia, particularly enriched with miR-329-5p. We verified that miR-329-5p was specifically bound to mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 mRNA, and subsequent JNK-pathway molecules were downregulated. We anticipated that the miR-329-5p/JNK pathway is a key to suppressing RGC apoptosis and preventing RIR injury. Such findings provided insights into the therapeutic potential of hypoxia-induced astrocyte-secreted exosomes and the miR-329-5p for treating retina ischemic diseases.

The interaction between oral microbiota and gut microbiota in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex disease caused by multiple pathological factors threatening human health-the pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, studies have exhibited that the onset of AS is closely involved with oral and gut microbiota, which may initiate or worsen atherosclerotic processes through several mechanisms. As for how the two microbiomes affect AS, existing mechanisms include invading plaque, producing active metabolites, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inducing elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. Considering the possible profound connection between oral and gut microbiota, the effect of the interaction between the two microbiomes on the initiation and progression of AS has been investigated. Findings are oral microbiota can lead to gut dysbiosis, and exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, relevant research is not commendably refined and a concrete review is needed. Hence, in this review, we summarize the most recent mechanisms of the oral microbiota and gut microbiota on AS, illustrate an overview of the current clinical and epidemiological evidence to support the bidirectional connection between the two microbiomes and AS.

LHFPL2 Serves as a Potential Biomarker for M2 Polarization of Macrophages in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the kidney, presenting significant challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Macrophages play crucial roles in RCC, promoting tumor progression and warranting further investigation. Previous studies have identified LHFPL2 as a transmembrane protein associated with reproduction, but its relationship with tumors or macrophages has not been discussed. This study utilized transcriptomic sequencing data from 609 KIRC patients in the TCGA database and single-cell sequencing data from 34,326 renal carcinoma cells for subsequent analysis. We comprehensively evaluated the expression of LHFPL2 and its relationship with clinical features, tumor prognosis, immune infiltration, and mutations. Additionally, we further assessed the correlation between LHFPL2 and macrophage M2 polarization using single-cell data and explored its potential as a cancer therapeutic target through molecular docking. The results demonstrated that LHFPL2 is upregulated in RCC and associated with poor survival rates. In clinical staging, the proportion of malignant and high-metastasis patients was higher in the high-LHFPL2 group than in the low-LHFPL2 group. Furthermore, we found that LHFPL2 influences RCC immune infiltration, with its expression positively correlated with various immune checkpoint and M2-related gene expressions, positively associated with M2 macrophage infiltration, and negatively correlated with activated NK cells. Moreover, LHFPL2 showed specific expression in macrophages, with the high-expression subgroup exhibiting higher M2 polarization, hypoxia, immune evasion, and angiogenesis scores, promoting tumor progression. Finally, we predicted several potential drugs targeting LHFPL2, such as conivaptan and nilotinib. Our analysis elaborately delineates the immune characteristics of LHFPL2 in the tumor microenvironment and its positive correlation with macrophage M2 polarization, providing new insights into tumor immunotherapy. We also propose potential FDA-approved drugs targeting this gene, which should be tested for their binding effects with LHFPL2 in future studies.

Polymerization-induced emission and selective detection to Fe3+/ Fe2+ of triazine-containing polyureas.

In this study, four polyureas with triazine moiety (PUAs) were successfully synthesized through the polymerization of triazine-containing diamine and diisocyanate. The intramolecular aggregation of triazine rings and urea groups along the macromolecular backbone gives PUAs a significant polymerization-induced emission (PIE). Among the four PUAs, PUA-LP shows a significant fluorescent emission at 450 nm, compared to non/weak fluorescent 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine and L-Lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester monomers. Additionally, the external factors such as solution concentration, excitation wavelength, and precipitants also play a crucial role in the fluorescence of PUAs. As expected, PUA-LP can selectively recognize and detect Fe3+/Fe2+ ions even in the presence of 12 other metal ions and 10 anions. The limit of detection of PUA-LP to Fe3+/Fe2+ is as low as 1.02 µM (0.06 mg/L) and 0.86 µM (0.05 mg/L), respectively, and far below 0.3 mg/L of the allowable national standard for drinking water by WHO. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism of Fe3+/Fe2+ to PUA-LP is attributed to static quenching caused by the coordination of Fe3+/Fe2+ ions with a coordination ratio of 2:1. Based on PIE, the fluorescent PUA-LP was made into an observable and portable testing paper for detecting Fe3+/Fe2+ ions. Finally, we measured the recovery rate of the actual tap water samples and compared the performance of PIE-active PUA-LP with the other reported fluorescent probes to Fe3+/Fe2+ ions.

Secular trend and projection of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 1985 to 2019: Rural areas are becoming the focus of investment.

BACKGROUND: The urban-rural disparities in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are narrowing, and there is a need for long-term and updated data to explain this inequality, understand the underlying mechanisms, and identify priority groups for interventions. METHODS: We analyzed data from seven rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) conducted from 1985 to 2019, focusing on school-age children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. Joinpoint regression was used to identify inflection points (indicating a change in the trend) in the prevalence of overweight and obesity during the study period, stratified by urban/rural areas and sex. Annual percent change (APC), average annual percent change (AAPC), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to describe changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Polynomial regression models were used to predict the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in 2025 and 2030, considering urban/rural areas, sex, and age groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban boys and girls showed an inflection point of 2000, with AAPC values of 10.09% (95% CI: 7.33-12.92%, t = 7.414, P <0.001) and 8.67% (95% CI: 6.10-11.30%, t = 6.809, P <0.001), respectively. The APC for urban boys decreased from 18.31% (95% CI: 4.72-33.67%, t = 5.926, P = 0.027) to 4.01% (95% CI: 1.33-6.75%, t = 6.486, P = 0.023), while the APC for urban girls decreased from 13.88% (95% CI: 1.82-27.38%, t = 4.994, P = 0.038) to 4.72% (95% CI: 1.43-8.12%, t = 6.215, P = 0.025). However, no inflection points were observed in the best-fit models for rural boys and girls during the period 1985-2019. The prevalence of overweight and obesity for both urban and rural boys is expected to converge at 35.76% by approximately 2027. A similar pattern is observed for urban and rural girls, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity reaching 20.86% in 2025. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents has been steadily increasing from 1985 to 2019. A complete reversal in urban-rural prevalence is expected by 2027, with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural areas. Urgent action is needed to address health inequities and increase investments, particularly policies targeting rural children and adolescents.

Trends and socioeconomic inequality of the burden of congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract among children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Although congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is the leading cause of childhood onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure, comprehensive information on the disease burden among children and adolescents globally is lacking. We aim to report the trends and socioeconomic inequality of CAKUT burden for people aged 0-24 years from 1990 to 2019·. METHODS: We reported the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for CAKUT based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, quantified the association of disease burden and socio-demographic index (SDI), calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) the relative index of inequality (RII) and concentration index. RESULTS: In 2019, the global prevalence, mortality, and DALYs of CAKUT among individuals aged 0-24 years were 167.11 (95%Confident Interval 166.97, 167.25), 0.30 (0.29, 0.30), and 32.22 (32.16, 32.29) per 100 000 population. The greatest prevalence, mortality and DALYs were recorded in the 0-4 year age group. The greatest mortality and DALYs were recorded in low SDI countries and territories. During 1990 to 2019, the prevalence, mortality and DALYs decreased globally, while in low and low-middle countries and territories the reduction was much less slower. India, Nigeria and Pakistan had the highest DALYs. Saudi Arabia and China exhibited a markedly decrease of CAKUT burden. Globally for every 0.1 increase in SDI, there was a 20.53% reduction in mortality, a 16.31% decrease in DALYs, but a 0.38% rise in prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Inequality for disease burden of varying SDI was increasing globally. Thus, specific preventive and health service measures are needed to reduce the global burden from CAKUT.

Biomimetic nanocarriers loaded with temozolomide by cloaking brain-targeting peptides for targeting drug delivery system to promote anticancer effects in glioblastoma cells.

Glioma is the leading cancer of the central nervous system (CNS). The efficacy of glioma treatment is significantly hindered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumour barrier (BBTB), which prevent most drugs from entering the brain and tumours. Hence, we established a novel drug delivery nanosystem of brain tumour-targeting that could self-assemble the method using an amphiphilic Zein protein isolated from corn. Zein's amphiphilicity prompted it to self-assembled into NPs, efficiently containing TMZ. This allowed us to investigate temozolomide (TMZ) for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. To construct TMZ-encapsulated NPs (TMZ@RVG-Zein NPs), the NPs' Zein was clocked to rabies virus glycoprotein 29 (RVG29). To verify that the NPs could penetrate the BBB and precisely target and kill the GBM cancer cell line, in vitro studies were performed. The process of NPs penetrating cancer cell membranes was investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure the expressions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the U87 cell line. Therefore, effective targeted brain cancer treatment is possible by forming NP clocks, a cell-penetrating natural Zein protein with an RVG29. These NPs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the glioblastoma (U87) cell line to release TMZ. These NPs have a distinct cocktail of biocompatibility and brain-targeting abilities, making them ideal for involving brain diseases.

Targeting inflammasomes and pyroptosis in retinal diseases-molecular mechanisms and future perspectives.

Retinal diseases encompass various conditions associated with sight-threatening immune responses and are leading causes of blindness worldwide. These diseases include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and uveitis. Emerging evidence underscores the vital role of the innate immune response in retinal diseases, beyond the previously emphasized T-cell-driven processes of the adaptive immune system. In particular, pyroptosis, a newly discovered programmed cell death process involving inflammasome formation, has been implicated in the loss of membrane integrity and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Several disease-relevant animal models have provided evidence that the formation of inflammasomes and the induction of pyroptosis in innate immune cells contribute to inflammation in various retinal diseases. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge about the innate immune system and pyroptosis in retinal diseases. We also provide insights into translational targeting approaches, including novel drugs countering pyroptosis, to improve the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.

Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: Interconversion among White, Brown, and Beige Fat and Its Role in Energy Homeostasis.

Obesity, characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, has emerged as a major public health concern worldwide. To develop effective strategies for treating obesity, it is essential to comprehend the biological properties of different adipose tissue types and their respective roles in maintaining energy balance. Adipose tissue serves as a crucial organ for energy storage and metabolism in the human body, with functions extending beyond simple fat storage to encompass the regulation of energy homeostasis and the secretion of endocrine factors. This review provides an overview of the key characteristics, functional differences, and interconversion processes among white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue. Moreover, it delves into the molecular mechanisms and recent research advancements concerning the browning of WAT, activation of BAT, and whitening of BAT. Although targeting adipose tissue metabolism holds promise as a potential approach for obesity treatment, further investigations are necessary to unravel the intricate biological features of various adipose tissue types and elucidate the molecular pathways governing their interconversion. Such research endeavors will pave the way for the development of more efficient and targeted therapeutic interventions in the fight against obesity.

Electrospun polylactic acid nanofibers membrane with copper ion-loaded clay nanotubes for fresh-keeping packaging.

The plastics derived from fossil fuels for food packaging results in serious environmental problems. Developing environment-friendly materials for food packaging is urgent and essential. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) composite nanofibers membranes were prepared with good biocompatibility and antibacterial property. Cu2+ loaded in the natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was used for the antibacterial agent. Cu2+ was loaded in the HNTs and was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PLA nanofibers with different HNTs-Cu content were continuous nanofibers with the nanoscale range. HNTs-Cu entered into the nanofiber successfully. Thermal analysis results showed composite nanofibers had good thermal stability. Composite nanofiber membranes had the good hydrophobic property. HNTs-Cu improved the mechanical property of composite nanofibers than pure PLA nanofibers. Tensile strength and elasticity modulus of composite nanofibers with 4 % HNTs-Cu content were the most outstanding. L929 cells were cultured on the nanofiber membranes for biocompatibility evaluation. Cell viability of nanofiber membranes was above the 90 %. Cell live/dead staining results showed L929 cells was seldom dead on the nanofiber membranes. PLA/HNTs-Cu nanofiber membranes exhibited excellent antibacterial effects on S. aureus and E. coli. The inhibitory rates against S. aureus and E. coli were 98.31 % and 97.80 % respectively. The fresh-keeping effects of nanofiber membranes were evaluated by the strawberry preservation. Strawberries covered by nanofiber membranes exhibited better appearance, lower weight loss and higher firmness than control, PLA and PLA/HNTs groups. It promised that PLA/HNTs-Cu composite nanofiber membranes have the significant potential application for active food packaging.

Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing regions: A comprehensive review and future perspectives for Asia and Africa.

The rapid urbanization witnessed in developing countries in Asia and Africa has led to a substantial increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. However, the corresponding disposal strategies, along with constraints in land resources and finances, compounded by unorganized public behaviour, have resulted in ineffective policy implementation and monitoring. This lack of systematic and targeted orientation, combined with blind mapping, has led to inefficient development in many areas. This review examines the key challenges of MSW management in developing countries in Asia and Africa from 2013 to 2023, drawing insights from 170 academic papers. Rather than solely focusing on recycling, the study proposes waste sorting at the source, optimization of landfill practices, thermal treatment measures, and strategies to capitalize on the value of waste as more pertinent solutions aligned with local realities. Barriers to optimizing management systems arise from socio-economic factors, infrastructural limitations, and cultural considerations. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating the study area into the circular economy framework, with a focus on enhancing citizen participation in solid waste reduction and promoting recycling initiatives, along with seeking economic assistance from international organizations.

Matching actions to needs: shifting policy responses to the changing health needs of Chinese children and adolescents.

China is home to the second largest population of children and adolescents in the world. Yet demographic shifts mean that the government must manage the challenge of fewer children with the needs of an ageing population, while considering the delicate tension between economic growth and environmental sustainability. We mapped the health problems and risks of contemporary school-aged children and adolescents in China against current national health policies. We involved multidisciplinary experts, including young people, with the aim of identifying actionable strategies and specific recommendations to promote child and adolescent health and wellbeing. Notwithstanding major improvements in their health over the past few decades, contemporary Chinese children and adolescents face distinct social challenges, including high academic pressures and youth unemployment, and new health concerns including obesity, mental health issues, and sexually transmitted infections. Inequality by gender, geography, and ethnicity remains a feature of health risks and outcomes. We identified a mismatch between current health determinants, risks and outcomes, and government policies. To promote the health of children and adolescents in China, we recommend a set of strategies that target government-led initiatives across the health, education, and community sectors, which aim to build supportive and responsive families, safe communities, and engaging and respectful learning environments. TRANSLATION: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Identification of RNA methylation-related lncRNAs for prognostic assessment and immunotherapy in bladder cancer-based on single cell/Bulk RNA sequencing data.

Bladder cancer is a malignancy characterized by significant heterogeneity. RNA methylation has received an increasing amount of attention in recent years. RNA data were collected from the GEO database, and cell subsets were classified according to specific cell markers. Epithelial, immunological, and fibroblast cells were clustered individually to explore the tumor heterogeneity. To distinguish between malignant and benign cells, the InferCNV R package was employed. The monocle2 R package was used for pseudotime analysis. The Decouple R package was used for transcription factor analysis of each cell subgroup, and PROGENy was used to predict the activity of pathways related to tumors. The target lncRNA was screened for model construction. In addition, the qPCR experiment was used to detect the transcription level of lncRNA. Epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and T cells significantly differ in tumor and normal tissues. The lncRNAs related to m6A/m5C/m1A were intersected to construct the model. Finally, six model lncRNAs (PSMB8-AS1, THUMPD3-AS1, U47924.27, XXbac-B135H6.15, MIR99AHG, and C14orf132) were screened. High-risk individuals were shown to have a better prognosis. qPCR experiments showed that the model lncRNA was differentially expressed between normal and tumor cells. Immunotherapy will be more effective in treating individuals with lower risk than those with higher risk using 4 candidate drugs. The prognostic m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNA model was constructed for evaluating the clinical outcomes of bladder cancer patients and guiding clinical medication.

Combined Effect of Outdoor Time and Other Modifiable Factors on Myopia Incidence Among Children and Adolescents - 9 PLADs, China, 2020.

What is already known about this topic?: Myopia has been identified as a significant emerging challenge and policy priority among children and adolescents in China by the Ministry of Education and seven other departments. Limited research has been conducted to investigate the collective impact of outdoor time and other modifiable factors on the incidence of myopia. What is added by this report?: This study provides support for the protective effect of combining increased outdoor time with other prevention strategies in reducing the incidence of myopia. The results indicate the presence of a dose-response relationship. What are the implications for public health practice?: To effectively prevent myopia, it is important to implement comprehensive interventions that encompass various aspects such as outdoor time, eye-use habits, eye-use environments, and lifestyle modifications.

24-H movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschoolers: A compositional and isotemporal reallocation analysis.

Background/Objectives: This study examined the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children. Methods: The study was conducted on 474 children aged 3-6 years in Zhuhai. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were collected by the accelerometer, and sleep time was assessed through the parent-report questionnaire. Balance, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and speed-agility were measured using a balance beam test, 20 m shuttle run test, sit and reach test, handgrip test, sit-ups, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run test respectively. The compositional data analysis was used to examine the association between 24-h movement behaviors and PF, and the compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was used for the time reallocation. Results: The daily composition, adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), was significantly associated with CRF (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.20), flexibility (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.07), muscular strength (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.37), muscular endurance (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.26), and speed-agility (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.26). The addition of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at the expense of SB and sleep, MVPA at the cost of sleep, was associated with significant muscular strength and speed-agility improvements respectively. The impact of SB and sleep replacing MVPA is stronger than MVPA replacing SB and sleep on muscular strength. Conclusion: These findings offer useful insight for the replacement of movement behaviors within the recommended range to facilitate PF development in early childhood.

Minisci-Type Dehydrogenative Coupling of N-Heteroaromatic Rings with Inert C(sp3)-H Enabled by a Visible-Light-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer Process.

The Minisci-type dehydrogenative coupling of N-heteroaromatic rings with inert C-H or Si-H partners via visible-light-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer has been reported. This methodology allows the coupling reactions to be carried out in water as a solvent under air atmospheric conditions with visible-light illumination. A wide range of inert C-H and Si-H partners could be directly coupled with various N-aromatic heterocycles to deliver products in good to excellent yields.

Biomimetic fabrication of sr-silk fibroin co-assembly hydroxyapatite based microspheres with angiogenic and osteogenic properties for bone tissue engineering.

Bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, or developmental abnormalities are important issues in clinical practice. The vigorous development of tissue engineering technology provides new ideas and directions for regenerating bone defects. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a bioactive ceramic, is extensively used in bone tissue engineering because of its excellent osteoinductive performance. However, its application is challenged by its single function and conventional environment-unfriendly synthesis methods. In this study, we successfully "green" synthesized sr-silk fibroin co-assembly hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Sr-SF-HA) using silk fibroin (SF) as a biomineralized template, thus enabling it to have angiogenic activity and achieving the combination of organic and inorganic substances. Then, the rough composite microspheres loaded with Sr-SF-HA (CS/Sr-SF-HA) through electrostatic spraying technology and freeze-drying method were prepared. The CCK-8 test and live/dead cell staining showed excellent biocompatibility of CS/Sr-SF-HA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining (ARS), immunofluorescence, western blotting, and qRT-PCR test showed that CS/Sr-SF-HA activated the expression of related genes and proteins, thus inducing the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Moreover, tube formation experiments, scratch experiments, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR detection indicated that CS/Sr-SF-HA have good angiogenic activity. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that the CS/Sr-SF-HA possesses excellent biocompatibility, vascular activity, as well as ectopic osteogenic ability in the subcutaneous pocket of rats. This study indicates that the construction of CS/Sr-SF-HA with angiogenic and osteogenic properties has great potential for bone tissue engineering.