Potential role of lncRNA LOXL1-AS1 in human cancer development: a narrative review.

Background and Objective: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs consisting of more than 200 nucleotides that are widely involved in various physiological and pathobiological processes in the body. LncRNA plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and development with its unique functions, such as playing a role in a variety of biological processes of malignant tumors as a cancer-promoting factor or a cancer-suppressor factor. Lysyl oxidase-like protein 1-antisense RNA1 (LOXL1-AS1) is a novel functional lncRNA recently reported. This article reviews the current findings on the role of LOXL1-AS1 in cancer, and discusses the potential clinical significance and application prospects, in order to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and screening of prognostic markers for malignant tumors. Methods: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords "cancer" or "tumor" or "neoplasm" and "LOXL1-AS1" for publications from 2018 to the present. The English literature was searched, with a focus on relevant articles. These articles validated the role and mechanism of LOXL1-AS1 in different cancers. Key Content and Findings: LOXL1-AS1 is a recently reported novel lncRNA, which is abnormally expressed and upregulated in more than ten cancers, and is positively correlated with adverse clinical features and poor prognosis in cancer patients. LOXL1-AS1 competently binds to a variety of microRNAs to regulate the expression of downstream target genes and regulate related signaling pathways, including proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibition of malignant biological behaviors such as apoptosis. Conclusions: LOXL1-AS1 is expected to become a novel biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment, with great potential as an independent prognostic indicator.

Role of LncRNA H19 in tumor progression and treatment.

As one of the earliest discovered lncRNA molecules, lncRNA H19 is usually expressed in large quantities during embryonic development and is involved in cell differentiation and tissue formation. In recent years, the role of lncRNA H19 in tumors has been gradually recognized. Increasing evidence suggests that its aberrant expression is closely related to cancer development. LncRNA H19 as an oncogene not only promotes the growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of many tumors, but also develops resistance to treatment, affecting patients' prognosis and survival. Therefore, in this review, we summarise the extensive research on the involvement of lncRNA H19 in tumor progression and discuss how lncRNA H19, as a key target gene, affects tumor sensitivity to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy by participating in multiple cellular processes and regulating multiple signaling pathways, which provides a promising prospect for further research into the treatment of cancer.

Autonomous self-healing supramolecular polymer transistors for skin electronics.

Skin-like field-effect transistors are key elements of bio-integrated devices for future user-interactive electronic-skin applications. Despite recent rapid developments in skin-like stretchable transistors, imparting self-healing ability while maintaining necessary electrical performance to these transistors remains a challenge. Herein, we describe a stretchable polymer transistor capable of autonomous self-healing. The active material consists of a blend of an electrically insulating supramolecular polymer with either semiconducting polymers or vapor-deposited metal nanoclusters. A key feature is to employ the same supramolecular self-healing polymer matrix for all active layers, i.e., conductor/semiconductor/dielectric layers, in the skin-like transistor. This provides adhesion and intimate contact between layers, which facilitates effective charge injection and transport under strain after self-healing. Finally, we fabricate skin-like self-healing circuits, including NAND and NOR gates and inverters, both of which are critical components of arithmetic logic units. This work greatly advances practical self-healing skin electronics.

Impact of preoperative anemia on patients undergoing total joint replacement of lower extremity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Preoperative anemia increases postoperative morbidity, mortality, and the risk of allogeneic transfusion. However, the incidence of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its relationship to postoperative outcomes has not been previously reported. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature search through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Sincien, and Embase from inception to July 2023 to investigate the prevalence of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty, comorbidities between anemic and non-anemicpatients before surgery, and postoperative outcomes. postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Overall prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity between studies was examined by Cochran's Q test and quantified by the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and validated by Egger's test. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies with 369,101 samples were included, all of which were retrospective cohort studies. 3 studies were of high quality and 18 studies were of moderate quality. The results showed that the prevalence of preoperative anemia was 22% in patients awaiting arthroplasty; subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence of preoperative anemia was highest in patients awaiting revision of total knee arthroplasty; the highest prevalence of preoperative anemia was found in the Americas; preoperative anemia was more prevalent in the female than in the male population; and preoperative anemia with a history of preoperative anemia was more common in the female than in the male population. patients with a history of preoperative anemia; patients with joint replacement who had a history of preoperative anemia had an increased risk of infection, postoperative blood transfusion rate, postoperative blood transfusion, Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs, days in hospital, readmission within three months, and mortality compared with patients who did not have preoperative anemia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of preoperative anemia in patients awaiting total joint arthroplasty is 22%, and is higher in TKA and female patients undergoing revision, while preoperative anemia is detrimental to the patient's postoperative recovery and will increase the risk of postoperative complications, transfusion rates, days in the hospital, readmission rates, and mortality.

Effect of solvent quality and sidechain architecture on conjugated polymer chain conformation in solution.

Conjugated polymers (CPs) are solution-processible for various electronic applications, where solution aggregation and dynamics could impact the morphology in the solid state. Various solvents and solvent mixtures have been used to dissolve and process CPs, but few studies have quantified the effect of solvent quality on the solution behavior of CPs. Herein, we performed static light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate CP solution behaviors with solvents of varying quality, including poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3ATs) with various sidechain lengths from -C4H9 to -C12H25, poly[bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-2,2'-dithiophene-5,5'-diyl] (PQT-12) and poly[2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT-12). We found that chlorobenzene is a better solvent than toluene for various CPs, which was evident from the positive second virial coefficient A2 ranging from 0.3 to 4.7 × 10-3 cm3 mol g-2 towards P3ATs. For P3ATs in non-polar solvents, longer sidechains promote more positive A2, indicating a better polymer-solvent interaction, wherein A2 for toluene increases from -5.9 to 1.4 × 10-3 cm3 mol g-2, and in CB, A2 ranges from 1.0 to 4.7 × 10-3 cm3 mol g-2 when sidechain length increases from -C6H13 to -C12H25. Moreover, PQT-12 and PBTTT-12 have strong aggregation tendencies in all solutions, with an apparent positive A2 (∼0.5 × 10-3 cm3 mol g-2) due to multi-chain aggregates and peculiar chain folding. These solvent-dependent aggregation behaviors can be well correlated to spectroscopy measurement results. Our coarse-grained MD simulation results further suggested that CPs with long, dense, and branched sidechains can achieve enhanced polymer-solvent interaction, and thus enable overall better solution dispersion. This work provides quantitative insights into the solution behavior of conjugated polymers that can guide both the design and process of CPs toward next-generation organic electronics.

Serological Comparison of Native Antigen ELISAs with Rapid ICT Test Kits for the Diagnosis of Human Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis in China.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of native antigen ELISAs and ADAMU-AE/CE commercial ICT test kits in subjects either exposed to Echinococcus infection or with clinically diagnosed alveolar (AE) or cystic (CE) echinococcosis. METHODS: A total of 370 subjects with a previous clinical confirmation of CE or AE from northwestern China were recruited. Serum samples were also obtained from 3923 children/teenagers during a community survey. All sera were tested using native antigen ELISAs. The ADAMU-AE/CE test kits were subsequently used for the serology of the 370 clinically confirmed individuals and of 251 children/teenagers that were ELISA antibody-positive for both Echinococcus species but ultrasound-negative during baseline survey. An analysis of the association between the serological tests and ultrasound classification was carried out amongst 89 AE and 164 CE cases. A Kappa consistency analysis was undertaken to compare the diagnostic performance of the native antigen ELISAs and the ADAMU kits and the ultrasound imaging results. The χ² test was also used for a comparison of the different seropositivity rates between the groups. FINDINGS: There was poor consistency (Kappa = 0.26 and 0.28 for AE and CE respectively) between the native antigen ELISAs and the ADAMU kits for the diagnosis of AE and CE among the cases and the surveyed children/teenagers, but a relatively good consistency (Kappa = 0.63) between the ADAMU-AE kit and ultrasound observations for the AE cases. Additionally, of the 251 teenagers co-positive for both AE and CE antibodies by the native antigen ELISAs, only one was found positive by the ADAMU-AE kit, verified as a new AE case on subsequent ultrasound follow-up. The remainder (N = 250) were negative by serology using the ADAMU-AE/CE kits and by ultrasound examination. The two native antigen ELISAs did not discriminate well between cases of clinically diagnosed AE and CE. In contrast, ADAMU-AE and ADAMU-CE commercial ICT test kits readily differentiated cases of AE from CE with specificities of 99% for AE and 100% for CE. CONCLUSIONS: The ADAMU-AE/CE kits proved reliable, accurate, and amenable diagnostic tools in the clinical setting for confirmation of suspected AE/CE cases. The native antigen ELISAs tests can provide useful information on the level of human exposure to Echinococcus infection.

Analysis of the potential biological value of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit ß in human cancer.

BACKGROUND: The pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit ß (PDHB) gene which regulates energy metabolism is located in mitochondria. However, few studies have elucidated the role and mechanism of PDHB in different cancers. AIM: To comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of PDHB was performed based on bioinformatics approaches to explore its tumor diagnostic and prognostic value and tumor immune relevance in cancer. In vitro experiments were performed to examine the biological regulation of PDHB in liver cancer. METHODS: Pan-cancer data related to PDHB were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Analysis of the gene expression profiles of PDHB was based on TCGA and Genotype Tissue Expression Dataset databases. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess the correlation between PDHB expression and survival prognosis in cancer patients. The correlation between PDHB and receiver operating characteristic diagnostic curve, clinicopathological staging, somatic mutation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA methylation, and drug susceptibility in pan-cancer was also analyzed. Various algorithms were used to analyze the correlation between PDHB and immune cell infiltration and tumor chemotaxis environment, as well as the co-expression analysis of PDHB and immune checkpoint (ICP) genes. The expression and functional phenotype of PDHB in single tumor cells were studied by single-cell sequencing, and the functional enrichment analysis of PDHB-related genes was performed. The study also validated the level of mRNA or protein expression of PDHB in several cancers. Finally, in vitro experiments verified the regulatory effect of PDHB on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of liver cancer. RESULTS: PDHB was significantly and differently expressed in most cancers. PDHB was significantly associated with prognosis in patients with a wide range of cancers, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, breast invasive carcinoma, and brain lower grade glioma. In some cancers, PDHB expression was clearly associated with gene mutations, clinicopathological stages, and expression of TMB, MSI, and ICP genes. The expression of PDHB was closely related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells in the immune microenvironment and the regulation of tumor chemotaxis environment. In addition, single-cell sequencing results showed that PDHB correlated with different biological phenotypes of multiple cancer single cells. This study further demonstrated that down-regulation of PDHB expression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion functions of hepatoma cells. CONCLUSION: As a member of pan-cancer, PDHB may be a novel cancer marker with potential value in diagnosing cancer, predicting prognosis, and in targeted therapy.

Eco-Friendly Solvent Engineered CsPbI2.77 Br0.23 Ink for Large-Area and Scalable High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

The performance of large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been assessed for typical compositions, such as methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ), using a blade coater, slot-die coater, solution shearing, ink-jet printing, and thermal evaporation. However, the fabrication of large-area all-inorganic perovskite films is not well developed. This study develops, for the first time, an eco-friendly solvent engineered all-inorganic perovskite ink of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a main solvent with the addition of acetonitrile (ACN), 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), or a mixture of ACN and 2-ME to fabricate large-area CsPbI2.77 Br0.23 films with slot-die coater at low temperatures (40-50 °C). The perovskite phase, morphology, defect density, and optoelectrical properties of prepared with different solvent ratios are thoroughly examined and they are correlated with their respective colloidal size distribution and solar cell performance. The optimized slot-die-coated CsPbI2.77 Br0.23 perovskite film, which is prepared from the eco-friendly binary solvents dimethyl sulfoxide:acetonitrile (0.8:0.2 v/v), demonstrates an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.05%. Moreover, the device maintains ≈91% of its original PCE after 1 month at 20% relative humidity in the dark. It is believed that this study will accelerate the reliable manufacturing of perovskite devices.

Screening and validation of an alkaline-tolerant biomimetic affinity chromatography A5-87 resin for purification of discarded bovine serum Immunoglobulin G.

It is important to recycle the bovine blood discarded at slaughter and develop it into high value-added bovine serum products. Biomimetic affinity chromatography (BiAC) resins have been developed to specifically purify bovine serum immunoglobulin G (Bs-IgG). The BiAC strategy was used to screen the resins with the best purification effect on Bs-IgG. Four resins with specificity for Bs-IgG adsorption were selected from 90 BiAC resins. Finally, BiAC-A5-87 was selected and used to purify Bs-IgG based on the results of SDS-PAGE and BCA protein quantification analysis. The adsorption capacity and purity of BiAC-A5-87 were 32.79 ± 3.57 mg/mL and 85.9 ± 1.21 % for Bs-IgG, respectively. The total protein recovery rate of Bs-IgG purified by BiAC-A5-87 was 89.78±3.52 %. The resin of BiAC-A5-87 column was recycled in 40 breakthrough cycles, and its Bs-IgG adsorption efficiency decreased by less than 10 %. After soaking BiAC-A5-87 in 1.0 moL NaOH solution for 64 h, its adsorption capacity for Bs-IgG was almost the same as that before soaking. The development of waste bovine serum not only realizes the utilization of blood resources and produces high economic benefits but also reduces the pollution of the environment.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a protective factor against Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal relationship between RA and AD remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between RA and AD. METHODS: Using publicly available genome-wide association study datasets, bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR‒Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. RESULTS: The results of MR for the causal effect of RA on AD (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 0.959, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.941-0.978, P = 2.752E-05; weighted median, OR = 0.960, 95% CI: 0.937-0.984, P = 0.001) revealed a causal association between genetic susceptibility to RA and an increased risk of AD. The results of MR for the causal effect of AD on RA (IVW, OR = 0.978, 95% CI: 0.906-1.056, P = 0.576; weighted median, OR = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.894-1.043, P = 0.382) indicated that there was no causal association between genetic susceptibility to AD and an increased risk of RA. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this two-way two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal association between genetic susceptibility to RA and a reduced risk of AD but did not reveal a causal association between genetic susceptibility to AD and an increased or reduced risk of RA.

Intrinsically stretchable three primary light-emitting films enabled by elastomer blend for polymer light-emitting diodes.

Intrinsically stretchable light-emitting materials are crucial for skin-like wearable displays; however, their color range has been limited to green-like yellow lights owing to the restricted stretchable light-emitting materials (super yellow series materials). To develop skin-like full-color displays, three intrinsically stretchable primary light-emitting materials [red, green, and blue (RGB)] are essential. In this study, we report three highly stretchable primary light-emitting films made from a polymer blend of conventional RGB light-emitting polymers and a nonpolar elastomer. The blend films consist of multidimensional nanodomains of light-emitting polymers that are interconnected in an elastomer matrix for efficient light-emitting under strain. The RGB blend films exhibited over 1000 cd/m2 luminance with low turn-on voltage (<5 Von) and the selectively stretched blend films on rigid substrate maintained stable light-emitting performance up to 100% strain even after 1000 multiple stretching cycles.

Improving the profile and reliability of cytoplasmic proteins from M. tuberculosis using biomimetic affinity chromatography coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis.

M. tuberculosis is the most successful intracellular pathogen and remains a major threat to human health. It is crucial to investigate the profile of cytoplasmic proteins from M. tuberculosis for pathogenesis, clinical markers, and protein vaccine development. In this study, six biomimetic affinity chromatography (BiAC) resins with high differences were selected for M. tuberculosis-cytoplasmic protein fractionation. All fractions were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 1246 M. tuberculosis proteins were detected (p < 0.05), among which 1092 M. tuberculosis proteins were identified in BiAC fractionations and 714 M. tuberculosis proteins in un-fractionations (Table S1.3.1). The majority of 66.8% (831/1246) identifications were distributed in the range of Mw 7.0-70.0 kDa, pI 3.5-8.0, and Gravy values <0.3. Furthermore, 560 M. tuberculosis proteins were detected in both the BiAC fractionations and un-fractionations. Compared with the un-fractionations, the average number of prot_matches, prot_cover, prot_sequence, and emPAI values of these 560 proteins in the BiAC fractionations were increased by 3.791, 1.420, 1.307, and 1.788 times, respectively. Overall, compared with un-fractionations, the confidence and profile of M. tuberculosis cytoplasmic proteins were improved by BiAC fractionations coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis. The strategy of BiAC fractionation can be used as an effective method for pre-separating protein mixtures in proteomic studies.

Development of starch-based amorphous CoOx self-supporting carbon aerogel electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.

Hydrogen energy is turning into a major research topic in this complex and changing world. In recent years, more and more research has been done on transition metal oxides and biomass composites. In this study, potato starch and amorphous cobalt oxide were assembled into carbon aerogel by sol-gel method and high-temperature annealing (CoOx/PSCA). The connected porous structure of the carbon aerogel is conducive to HER mass transfer, and its structure can avoid the agglomeration of transition metals. It also has great mechanical properties and can be directly used as a self-supporting catalyst for electrolysis with 1 M KOH for hydrogen evolution, which showed excellent HER activity and yielded the effective current density of 10 mA cm-2 at 100 mV overpotential. Electrocatalytic experiments further showed that the better performance of CoOx/PSCA for HER can be attributed to the high electrical conductivity of carbon and the synergistic effect of unsaturated catalytic sites on the amorphous CoOx cluster. The catalyst comes from a wide range of sources, is easy to produce, and has good long-term stability, so it can be used in large-scale production. This paper provides a simple and easy method to make biomass-based transition metal oxide composites for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen.

Promoting Large-Area Slot-Die-Coated Perovskite Solar Cell Performance and Reproducibility by Acid-Based Sulfono-γ-AApeptide.

Homogeneous and pinhole-free large-area perovskite films are required to realize the commercialization of perovskite modules and panels. Various large-area perovskite coatings were developed; however, at their film coating and drying stages, many defects were formed on the perovskite surface. Consequently, not only the devices lost substantial performance but also their long-term stability deteriorated. Here, we fabricated a compact and uniform large-area MAPbI3-perovskite film by a slot-die coater at room temperature (T) and at high relative humidity (RH) up to 40%. The control slot-die-coated perovskite solar cell (PSC) produced 1.082 V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 24.09 mA cm-2 short current density (Jsc), 71.13% fill factor (FF), and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.54%. We systematically employed a multi-functional artificial amino acid (F-LYS-S) to modify the perovskite defects. Such amino acids are more inclined to bind and adhere to the perovskite defects. The amino, carbonyl, and carboxy functional groups of F-LYS-S interacted with MAPbI3 through Lewis acid-base interaction and modified iodine vacancies significantly. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the C═O group of F-LYS-S interacted with the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the lone pair of -NH2 coordinated with the uncoordinated Pb2+ and consequently modified the I- vacancies remarkably. As a result, the F-LYS-S-modified device demonstrated more than three-fold charge recombination resistance, which is one of the primary requirements to fabricate high-performance PSCs. Therefore, the device fabricated employing F-LYS-S demonstrated remarkable PCE of 21.08% with superior photovoltaic parameters of 1.104 V Voc, 24.80 mA cm-2 Jsc, and 77.00%. FF. Concurrently, the long-term stability of the PSCs was improved by the F-LYS-S post-treatment, where the modified device retained ca. 89.6% of its initial efficiency after storing for 720 h in air (T ∼ 27 °C and RH ∼ 50-60%).

Teaching Old Polymers New Tricks: Improved Synthesis and Anomalous Crystallinity for a Lost Semi-Fluorinated Polyaryl Ether via Interfacial Polymerization of Hexafluoroacetone Hydrate and Diphenyl Ether.

A practical and direct electrophilic polymerization of hexafluoroacetone hydrate with diphenyl ether toward the preparation of semi-fluorinated polyaryl ethers (PAE) is reported. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) polymerization under interfacial conditions with phase transfer catalyst (Aliquat 336) proceeds in trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride by generation of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and the protonated hexafluoroacetone (HFA) in situ affording 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) PAE with high regioselectivity (4,4'-DPE) and high molecular weight (≈60 kDa). Although first reported in a 1966 US Patent by DuPont using harsh conditions, improved synthetic methods or modern characterization has not been disclosed until now. Despite the presence of the 6F group, known to impart disordered morphology, this simple semi-fluorinated PAE exhibits anomalous crystallinity with polymorphic melting points (Tm ) ranging from 230-309 °C, high solubility in common organic solvents, a glass transition (Tg ) of 163 °C, and thermo-oxidative stability above 500 °C. Tough optically clear films prepared from solution give transmittance higher than 90% throughout the visible region. Synthesis, mechanistic aspects, and characterization including surface and dielectric properties are discussed.

Surface Capping Layer Prepared from the Bulky Tetradodecylammonium Bromide as an Efficient Perovskite Passivation Layer for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has increased and levels with silicon solar cells; however, their commercialization has not yet been realized because of their poor long-term stability. One of the primary causes of the instability of PSC devices is the large concentration of defects in the polycrystalline perovskite film. Such defects limit the device performance besides triggering hysteresis and device instability. In this study, tetradodecylammonium bromide (TDDAB) was used as a postsurface modifier to suppress the density of defects from the mixed perovskite film (CsFAMA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses validated that TDDAB binds to the mixed perovskite through hydrogen bonding. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and two-dimensional grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (2D GIWAXS) study uncovered that the TDDAB modification formed a capping layer of (TDDA)2PbI1.66Br2.34 on the surface of the three-dimensional (3D) perovskite. The single charge transport device prepared from the TDDAB-modified perovskite film revealed that both the electron and hole defects were considerably repressed due to the modification. Consequently, the modified device displayed a champion PCE of 21.33%. The TDDAB surface treatment not only enhances the PCE but the bulky cation of the TDDAB also forms a hydrophobic capping surface (water contact angle of 93.39°) and safeguards the underlayer perovskite from moisture. As a result, the modified PSC has exhibited almost no performance loss after 30 days in air (RH ≈ 40%).

Preparation of Dendrobium officinale Flower Anthocyanin and Extended Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The Dendrobium officinale flower is a non-medicinal part of the plant, rich in a variety of nutrients and bioactive ingredients. The purpose of this article was to explore the preparation conditions of anthocyanins (ACNs) from the D. officinale flower. Subsequently, its anti-aging effects were evaluated with Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed that the ACNs had antioxidant activities on scavenging free radicals (DPPH· and ABTS+·), and the clearance rate was positively correlated with the dose. Additionally, ACNs significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in C. elegans, which was 2.068-fold higher than that of the control. Treatment with ACNs at 150 µL extended the lifespan of C. elegans by 56.25%, and treatment with ACNs at 50 µL promoted fecundity in C. elegans. Finally, the protective effect of ACNs enhanced stress resistance, thereby increasing the survival numbers of C. elegans, which provided insights for the development and practical application of functional products.

Manipulating Conjugated Polymer Backbone Dynamics through Controlled Thermal Cleavage of Alkyl Side Chains.

The morphological stability of an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device is greatly affected by the dynamics of donors and acceptors occurring near the device's operational temperature. These dynamics can be quantified by the glass transition temperature (Tg ) of conjugated polymers (CPs). Because flexible side chains possess much faster dynamics, the cleavage of the alkyl side chains will reduce chain dynamics, leading to a higher Tg . In this work, the Tg s for CPs are systematically studied with controlled side chain cleavage. Isothermal annealing of polythiophenes featuring thermally cleavable side chains at 140 °C, is found to remove more than 95% of alkyl side chains in 24 h, and raise the backbone Tg from 23 to 75 °C. Coarse grain molecular dynamics simulations are used to understand the Tg dependence on side chain cleavage. X-ray scattering indicates that the relative degree of crystallization remains constantduring isothermal annealing process. The effective conjugation length is not influenced by thermal cleavage; however, the density of chromophore is doubled after the complete removal of alkyl side chains. The combined effect of enhancing Tg and conserving crystalline structures during the thermal cleavage process can provide a pathway to improving the stability of optoelectronic properties in future OPV devices.