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Although hepatocellular carcinoma can be difficult to detect, use of the LI-RADS algorithm could lead to earlier identification in at-risk patients.
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In the original publication, the sixth author name was published incorrectly as Matthew Stein. The correct author name should read as Matthew K Stein.
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BACKGROUND/AIM: Stage I splenic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rare and there are few data to guide management. We sought to further define prognosis and outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry to identify patients with stage I splenic DLBCL diagnosed 1973-2013. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on the year of diagnosis (1983-2005; 2006-2013) as rituximab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2006 for first-line treatment of DLBCL. RESULTS: Utilization of splenectomy decreased after the approval of rituximab (82% pre- versus 72% rituximab-era). Disease-specific and overall survival were greater with splenectomy [hazard ratio (HR)=0.57, p=0.04; and HR=0.66, p=0.03, respectively], but this benefit was only seen in the pre-rituximab cohort, not in the rituximab-era cohort. There was a trend toward improved overall survival with the introduction of rituximab (HR=0.75, p=0.054). CONCLUSION: Utilization of splenectomy for stage I splenic DLBCL has decreased with the introduction of rituximab without compromising outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/tratamiento farmacológico , Rituximab/uso terapéutico , Programa de VERF/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias del Bazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Cohortes , Terapia Combinada , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/patología , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/cirugía , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud/métodos , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Esplenectomía/métodos , Neoplasias del Bazo/patología , Neoplasias del Bazo/cirugía , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have been shown to increase overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. HIV patients have increased expression of PD-1 on their T-cell surfaces. We describe a patient with well-controlled HIV and NSCLC who underwent treatment with nivolumab and had a durable complete response (CR) with his viral load remaining undetectable. To date there is only one case report of a cancer patient with melanoma and with HIV treated with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor. The majority of clinical trials involving PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors exclude HIV patients.
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Adrenal masses pose a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis includes functional adrenal tumors, incidentally found adrenal masses, metastases from an unknown primary cancer, and abscesses. Infrequently, adrenal gland abscesses have been reported in disseminated nocardiosis affecting immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We report a case of disseminated Nocardia farcinica pneumonia with an adrenal gland abscess in an immunocompetent patient with no identified risk factors for nocardiosis.
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Small cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare, aggressive form of breast cancer that is associated with extremely poor outcomes [1]. In an effort to identify possible targets for treatment, we utilized comprehensive genomic profiling in small cell carcinoma of the breast. Under an IRB approved protocol, we identified patients with small cell carcinoma of the breast and small cell carcinoma of the lung profiled by Caris Life Sciences between 2007 and 2015. Tumors were assessed with up to 25 immunohistochemical stains, in situ hybridization of cMET, EGFR, HER2, PIK3CA, and TOP2A, and next generation sequencing as well as Sanger sequencing of 47 genes. 19 patients with small cell carcinoma of the breast were identified, median age was 58 years (range 37-79) and 42 % had metastatic disease at presentation; for comparison, 58 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were identified (66 [36-86], 65 % metastatic). By immunohistochemistry, 31 % of small cell carcinoma of the breast patients expressed ER, 13 % expressed PR, and 16 % expressed AR; small cell carcinoma of the lung patients expressed ER 0 %, PR 2 %, and AR 6 %. Small cell carcinoma of the breast and small cell carcinoma of the lung patients had similar patterns of other immunohistochemical expression (0 v 0 % PDL1, 50 v 42 % PD1, and 77 v 95 % TOP2A, respectively). All small carcinoma of the breast and small cell carcinoma of the lung patients were negative for HER2 and cMET amplification by in situ hybridization. Next generation sequencing revealed TP53 mutations in 75 % of patients both with small cell carcinoma of the breast and small cell carcinoma of the lung and PIK3CA mutations in 33 % of small cell carcinoma of the breast patients but no small cell carcinoma of the lung patients (Fisher's exact test p = 0.005, OR 0.02 [0.00-0.52]). No other mutations were found in small cell carcinoma of the breast patients and no other mutation occurred in over 10 % of small cell carcinoma of the lung patients except RB1 in 19 % (p = 0.31). Small cell carcinoma of the breast is an aggressive tumor with few therapeutic options. Molecular profiling suggests many similarities between small cell carcinoma of the breast and small cell carcinoma of the lung with the exception an increased incidence of PIK3CA mutations in small cell carcinoma of the breast, which may have therapeutic implications.