Brain metastasis in a patient with BRCA2-mutated treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma and long-term response to radiotherapy and Olaparib: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: A new subtype of prostate cancer called treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma (t-NEPC) was added to the revised World Health Organization classification of prostate cancer in 2022. t-NEPC cases are increasing, and there is no established standard treatment. METHODS: A 49-year-old male patient was referred to our department for dysuria. A rectal examination and a prostate biopsy revealed stony hardness and prostate adenocarcinoma, respectively. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of multiple bone and lymph node metastases. The patient was started on upfront treatment with androgen deprivation therapy and an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor, which resulted in a significant (>90%) decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The patient experienced postrenal failure 6 months later, attributable to local disease progression. Concurrently, there was an elevation in neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and an enlargement of pelvic lymph node metastases, without PSA progression. RESULTS: Biopsy specimen for cancer genome profiling revealed deletion of BRCA 2 and PTEN, AR amplification, and the presence of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene. Based on increased NSE and BRCA2 mutations, a diagnosis of t-NEPC with BRCA2 mutation was eventually made. The patient received docetaxel chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy. Subsequently, he was treated with olaparib. His NSE levels decreased, and he achieved a complete response (CR). However, 18 months following the olaparib administration, brain metastases appeared despite the absence of pelvic tumor relapse, and the patient's PSA levels remained low. Consequently, the patient underwent resection of the brain metastases using gamma knife and whole-brain radiotherapy but died approximately 3 months later. CONCLUSION SUBSECTIONS: Platinum-based chemotherapy is often administered for the treatment of t-NEPC, but there are few reports on the effectiveness of olaparib in patients with BRCA2 mutations. In a literature review, this case demonstrated the longest duration of effectiveness with olaparib alone without platinum-based chemotherapy. Additionally, the occurrence of relatively rare, fatal brain metastases in prostate cancer after a long period of CR suggests the necessity of regular brain imaging examinations.

Rezum water vapor thermal therapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Initial real-world data from Japan.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prevalent in older men. As surgery can be high risk in this group, minimally invasive procedures are preferrable. This study aimed to assess the initial results of minimally invasive Rezum water vapor thermal therapy (WVTT) in patients with BPH. This single-center retrospective study included 25 consecutive patients with BPH who underwent WVTT between September 2022 and July 2023. Parameters including age, Charlson Comorbidity Index and Geriatric 8 (G8) scores, operative time, and number of vapor injections were evaluated. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, and Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS) were used to assess symptoms before the procedure, and at 1 and 3 months after it. Urinary function indicators such as single voiding volume, maximum flow rate (MFR), and post-void residual volume were assessed at the same time points. The mean patient age was 76.0 years and the mean prostate volume was 54.8 mL. The mean G8 score was 14.4 and the Charlson Comorbidity Index score averaged 1.2. The mean operative time was 6.84 min, and included a mean of 4.8 vapor injections. Three months after WVTT, significant improvements were observed in the maximum flow rate (P = .02), post-void residual volume (P = .001), and urine volume (P < .001), as well as in the IPSS incomplete emptying (P = .01) and weak stream (P = .01) domains. No significant changes were observed in the remaining IPSS domains or in the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score or CLSS. This study provides the first report on Rezum WVTT outcomes in Japan using the CLSS assessment tool. The initial results indicate a promising experience with this new treatment method. With a rapidly aging population, the incidence of BPH is expected to increase, making the minimally invasive Rezum system a valuable addition to BPH treatment options.

Initial experience with prostatic urethral lift versus enucleation of the prostate: a retrospective comparative study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess initial results and patient characteristics of prostatic urethral lift (PUL) compared with those of bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate (TUEB) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in older patients. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at a single institution and involved 25 consecutive patients with BPH who underwent PUL between April 2022 and May 2023. Patient characteristics, operative details, and pre- and postoperative symptom scores were evaluated. The results were compared with those of a previously reported TUEB group (n = 55). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in the PUL group was 74.6 years, and the mean prostate volume was 47.5 ml. The PUL procedure significantly improved urinary symptoms, particularly incomplete emptying (p = 0.041), intermittency (p = 0.005), and weak stream (p = 0.001). The PUL group had higher comorbidity scores (p = 0.048) and included older patients (p = 0.002) than the TUEB group. TUEB showed better improvements in some symptoms and maximum flow rate (p = 0.01) than PUL; however, PUL had a shorter operative time and fewer complications than TUEB (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The initial results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of PUL in older patients with BPH. Despite TUEB showing better outcomes in certain aspects than PUL, PUL offers advantages such as shorter operative time and fewer complications. Therefore, PUL can be considered a viable option for high-risk older patients with BPH.

Real-world retrospective review of monotherapy following platinum-based chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To compare estimated survival times of patients who had received maintenance monotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM), or an immuno-oncology (IO) drug (i.e., pembrolizumab or avelumab) or both therapies (one after the other) following platinum-based combination chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a real-world setting. METHODS: For this retrospective study, we included consecutive patients with metastatic UC who had received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy followed by second-line treatment at our centre from March 2008 to June 2020. RESULTS: Of the 74 patients identified, 58 had received monotherapy as second line treatment, and 16 had received combination chemotherapy (i.e., non-monotherapy). The estimated median duration of survival was significantly longer in the monotherapy group compared with the non-monotherapy group (29 vs 7 months). Multivariate analysis showed that the outcome of the first-line chemotherapy treatment was the most important prognostic factor for survival. There was no significant difference in survival times between monotherapy with GEM or IO drugs. In addition, survival was significantly prolonged when GEM therapy was administered following IO drugs compared with GEM therapy alone. CONCLUSION: Monotherapy following primary chemotherapy for advanced UC significantly prolonged survival times, and IO drug therapy remained effective when followed by GEM single agent maintenance therapy.

Clinical characteristics of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after treatment with combined androgen blockade.

BACKGROUND: Although the second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors and taxanes have recently been recommended for the initial treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, bicalutamide and flutamide are still used in a large number of cases. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the clinical characteristics of these treated CRPC cases and their sensitivity to the currently used therapeutic agents. We aimed to examine the outcomes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following combined androgen blockade as initial therapy at our institution. METHODS: Ninety-four patients who developed metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after hormonal treatment with combined nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonists and continuous androgen deprivation therapy between January 2015 and December 2020 were included. The presence of visceral metastases, duration of efficacy of each treatment, and overall survival after castration-resistant prostate cancer were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients with a longer duration of castration-resistant prostate cancer tended to have a longer response duration to subsequent enzalutamide administration (p = 0.003). Patients who achieved a 90% reduction in prostate-specific antigen levels with enzalutamide had a significantly better castration-resistant prostate cancer prognosis (p = 0.002). Meanwhile, those with visceral metastases at the time of castration-resistant prostate cancer diagnosis had a significantly poorer prognosis (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between the treatment efficacy of abiraterone and taxanes for castration-resistant prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: The study provides scientific evidence to support that patients with longer time to castration-resistant prostate cancer are more sensitive to enzalutamide, and the use of abiraterone between docetaxel and cabazitaxel has favorable prognostic impact. These findings provide instrumental evidence that can enable better treatment selection for prostate cancer patients.

Characteristics of prostate biopsy in patients under the dutasteride treatment.

We performed a retrospective study to clarify the characteristics of prostate biopsies in patients treated with dutasteride, a benign prostate hyperplasia treatment drug that inhibits 5α-reductase. We studied the digital clinical data of 677 patients, including 96 cases treated with dutasteride, with suspected localized prostate cancer. All patients underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy between 2014 and 2017 in our department. A propensity score matching analysis was performed based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (calculated as double the PSA value for the dutasteride group) and age. Ninety-six patients in each of the dutasteride and control groups were assessed and their characteristics were compared. The characteristics of the patients in the dutasteride and control groups were well balanced by matching. There were fewer prostate cancer-positive patients in the dutasteride group. When comparing only the prostate cancer-positive patients in each group, there were significantly more cases of high-grade cancers and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the dutasteride group. In the dutasteride group, abnormal MRI findings and advanced age were significant predictors of high grade cancer. This study shows the characteristics of prostate biopsies in patients treated with dutasteride and indicates that patients on dutasteride with advanced age and abnormal MRI findings should undergo prostate biopsy.

Real-world efficacy of sequential nivolumab for metastatic renal cancer after first-line molecular targeting therapy.

This study aimed to clarify the real-world efficacy of sequential nivolumab for treating metastatic renal cancer after first-line molecular targeting therapy. Patients were divided into two groups (2014-2016 and 2017-2020) according to the year when they started primary treatment with molecular targeted drugs (MTDs). We compared the overall survival of patients and investigated a contributing factor for survival. The mean duration of overall survival was significantly longer in the 2017-2020 group (44.0 months) than in the 2014-2016 group (8.5 months). Univariate analysis showed that nivolumab treatment was a significant prognostic factor (P = .0021). Patients treated with nivolumab as second-line therapy had a significantly higher 5-year survival rate compared to that of other patients (70% vs 32%). In addition, the time from commencement of MTDs to switch to nivolumab was significantly shorter in the 2017-2020 group compared to the 2014-2016 group (8.94 vs 34.12 months, P = .03). In our study, cases with first-line MTDs had markedly prolonged outcomes after the 2017 guideline update, and sequential nivolumab with prompt switching to nivolumab was an important factor.

Tension-free vaginal mesh for patients with pelvic organ prolapse: mid-term functional outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the mid-term efficacy of tension-free vaginal mesh (TVM) for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and observe the time course of lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included 112 female patients who underwent TVM at a single center for stage 2 or higher POP, and replied to questionnaires before, and 2 and 4 years after TVM. We evaluated the anatomical cure rate, prolapse quality of life questionnaire scores, international prostate symptom scores, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form scores, and Female Sexual Function Index scores. RESULTS: The anatomical cure rate at 4 years was 89%. Voiding and storage symptoms improved in patients after TVM. We found that 25/112 patients had sexual intercourse before TVM, and among them, 15/25 (60%) continued sexual intercourse after TVM. Additionally, of the 87 patients who had no sexual intercourse before TVM, 13 resumed sexual intercourse after TVM. CONCLUSION: Cases of TVM have decreased because of the Food and Drug Administration statements concerning mesh problems. However, this study showed relatively favorable mid-term results for lower urinary tract symptoms. Furthermore, sexual activity was restored in some patients, indicating the efficacy of TVM for sexual function.

Postoperative indications for further surgery following post-transvaginal ProliftTM mesh repair after a two-year follow-up period: a single-centre study.

We investigated the frequency of further surgery post-artificial mesh (ProliftTM) repair of pelvic organ prolapse. In total, 257 patients who underwent ProliftTM repair were evaluated for further surgery frequency, clinical outcomes, and demographic characteristics. Thirty-eight (14.7%) patients underwent further surgery (median time to reoperation, 9.5 months; range, 6-22 months). Six (2.3%) patients underwent prolapse repair at a different (5 patients, 1.9%) or same site (1 patient, 0.3%). One underwent posterior ProliftTM repair; four, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy; and one, vaginal hysterectomy. Eight (3.1%) underwent surgery for complications; seven (2.7%) required further surgery for mesh exposure (median, 8 months) and one (0.3%) required further surgery for mesh infection (1 month). Twenty-four (9.3%) received further surgery for stress urinary incontinence (median, 8.5 months). Despite the low frequency of further surgery post-ProliftTM repair, mesh-related complications should be considered. Careful long-term follow-up is necessary.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? It is widely known that vaginal mesh is used as treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Vaginal mesh is one of the treatment options for POP. However, it received a bad reputation following reports of complications associated with its use, leading to discontinuation of vaginal mesh in many countries.What the results of this study revealed? The findings of this study show that few patients who received ProliftTM repair required further surgery. The surgeries included surgery for non-POP-related conditions; subsequent surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI); surgery for complications including mesh exposure and infection; primary prolapse surgery for a different site and repeat surgery; and a repeat operation for prolapse arising from the same site.What are the implications of these findings in clinical practice and/or further research? Based on the outcome of this study, transvaginal ProliftTM mesh repair is a reasonably safe and effective treatment for POP. Despite withdrawal of all mesh products from the market as instructed by the FDA, this study suggested the need to re-evaluate the role of vaginal mesh as a treatment option for POP.

Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: Comparison of standard versus tacker combination method.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse between a group in which only sutures were used (standard method), and a group in which a combination of tackers and sutures were used (tacker combination method). METHODS: A total of 77 patients who underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexys from June 2016 to October 2019 were divided into a suture group (36 patients) and a suture + tacker group (41 patients). We retrospectively compared operation time, amount of blood loss, postoperative length of hospital stay, incidence of perioperative complications and anatomical cure rate 1 year after surgery. Lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated using symptom questionnaires and objective parameters. RESULTS: Operation time in the suture + tacker group was shorter (104.9 ± 27.0 vs 147.5 ± 33.7 min; P < 0.0001). The incidence of perioperative complications in the suture group and the suture + tacker group was 2.8% and 2.4%, respectively (P = 0.9409). Anatomical cure rates at 1 year after surgery were 94.4% and 100%, respectively (P = 0.2153). Both groups showed significant improvement after 1 year for International Prostate Symptom Score total and quality of life score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score total score, voided volume, maximum urinary flow rate and post-void residual. [Corrections added on 7 September 2021 after first online publication: the first two P-values have been updated.] CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of sutures and tackers in laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy simplifies the procedure and translates into shorter operation time. Surgical outcomes at 1 year and improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms are similar regardless of the technique.

Preoperative CT volumetry of estimated residual kidney for prediction of postoperative chronic kidney disease in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatments for renal cell carcinoma reduces kidney volume to some degree and may derive postsurgical chronic kidney disease. We made a new marker for postoperative renal function using CT volumetry. To determine the impact of various parameters including this marker, we observed pre- and postsurgical renal function of experienced cases. METHODS: From 2004 to 2014, we underwent total or partial nephrectomy for 181 patients with renal carcinoma in a single institution. Of the total, 138 cases with presurgical CT volumetry were included in this study. We evaluated parameters for assessments of peri- and postoperative renal function including age, gender, serum creatinine, eGFR, performed surgery, pathology, estimated residual kidney volume and associated disease. Presence or absence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were also evaluated before, immediately after and 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis identified AKI, preoperative eGFR and estimated residual kidney volume as significant prognostic factors for the postoperative CKD. Moreover, cases with triple positive of these factors suffer postoperative CKD more significantly than those with one or two positives. CONCLUSION: Using these predictive factors, we may determine patients with high risk for CKD who require an early intervention of renal protective treatment.

Successful lymphatic embolization using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate for postoperative lymphorrhea in a patient with renal pelvic cancer.

We present a successful case of percutaneous lymphatic embolization using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for postoperative lymphorrhea in a patient with urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis. A 75-year-old man with urothelial carcinoma of left renal pelvis with para-aortic lymph nodes metastases. The patient presented severe lymphorrhea after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by laparoscopic total left nephroureterectomy and lymph nodes dissection. Since conservative treatments were ineffective, percutaneous lymphatic embolization using NBCA resulted in healing of the lymphorrhea without recurrence. Percutaneous lymphatic embolization using NBCA followed by intranodal lymphography is a powerful treatment option for intractable postoperative lymphorrhea after lymph nodes dissection.

Low reduction of prostate volume is a significant predictor of prostate cancer at subsequent biopsy in patients with dutasteride: A retrospective study.

Appropriate decision of prostate biopsy in men with 5α-reductase inhibitor (5AR inhibitor) is still unclear to avoid unnecessary biopsy. We retrospectively investigated patients with initial PSA 4.0 ng/ml or more and underwent subsequent prostate biopsy following dutasteride treatment. From September 2009 to August 2018, 399 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) were treated with dutasteride in our department. Of the total, 36 cases with elevated pre-treatment PSA (4.0 ng/ml or more) and underwent subsequent prostate biopsy were included into this study. We evaluated PSA kinetics and changing prostate volumes (PV), and detection of prostate cancer. Overall, average PSA reduced by half at 6 months from dosing. Pre-treatment biopsy was performed in 17 of 36 cases, and all were diagnosed as having no malignancy. After treatment, prostate cancer was detected in 15 cases by subsequent biopsy. Fourteen of 15 cases were clinically significant cancer (Gleason score 7 or more). Logistic regression analysis detected a nominal association between prostate cancer detection and three variants, PSAD, PV reduction (1-Before/After PV) and abnormal MRI findings. In addition to abnormal MRI findings and pre-treatment of high PSAD, the case with low reduction of PV after treatment should consider performing prostate biopsy.

An ERG Gene Analysis in Two Cases with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer in Which Abiraterone Demonstrated Long-term Efficacy.

We analyzed the ERG gene status using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in two chemotherapy-naïve cases with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in which abiraterone demonstrated a long-term durable complete response. FISH identified Class 1 Edel and Class 2+ Edel in case 1, and Class 1 Edel in case 2. Our experience suggests that abiraterone may be effective in cases with mCRPC and ERG gene abnormalities, particularly Class 2+ Edel or Class 1 Edel. This is the first report of two cases with mCRPC that simultaneously investigated the ERG gene status and clinical aspects, including image evaluations and pathology.

Case of caval lobular capillary hemangioma mimicking tumor thrombus.

INTRODUCTION: We presented a rare case of caval lobular capillary hemangioma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old female visited our department complaint with shadow defect in vena cava of right renal hilum appeared on computed tomography for periodically checking 3 years after radical hysterectomy with bilateral ovariectomy. Abdominal computed tomography identified a shadow defect of 35 mm in diameter in the inferior vena cava continuing posteriorly to a 35 mm mass of retroperitoneum. During the total removal of this lesion, we identified the lesion was connected to right ovarian vein. The specimen consisted of microcapillaries which formed reticular structure. Immunostaining of specimens identified positive CD31, CD34, and Factor 8 in all cells. Ki67 antibody was positive at 2-3% of all cells. These findings suggested the tumor was intravenous lobular papillary hemangioma. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of intravenous lobular papillary hemangioma originated from right ovarian vein and extended to inferior vena cava.

Ectopic adrenal adenoma causing gross hematuria: Steroidogenic enzyme profiling and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Aberrant cortical adrenal tissues are not generally identified in adults. Herein, we present a very rare case of an ectopic adrenal tumor located in the renal hilum that caused gross hematuria. CASE PRESENTATION: A 33-year-old man suddenly presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 35-mm mass in the left renal hilum encroaching the renal vein. Following the surgical removal with frozen section of the mass, his gross hematuria immediately improved. Pathological analysis of the specimen revealed the features adrenal adenoma. Immunohistochemical staining for key steroidogenic enzymes confirmed the adrenocortical origin without excessive hormone production. CONCLUSION: This is the first case of an ectopic adrenocortical adenoma in the renal hilum that caused gross hematuria without hormonal symptoms.

[LSC (LAPAROSCOPIC SACROCOLPOPEXY) VERSUS UPHOLD TYPE TVM: A CASE CONTROL STUDY].

(Objective) The comparative analysis of post-surgery condition of lower urinary tract symptoms of LSC and Uphold-type TVM. (Methods) Since August 2015, our hospital introduced LSC and launched Uphold-type TVM in May 2017. 25 cases were examined by December 2017. In comparison with 37 cases of LSC conducted simultaneously, OABSS, IPSS, ICIQ-SF as well as uroflowmetry and residual urine measurement were performed with focus on perioperative complications and postoperative (3 months) lower urinary tract symptoms. As can be observed from the patient background, the average age of subject patients were close to 77 years old for TVM group, 70 years old for LSC group. LSC group showed a tendency to be observed among younger patients. (Result) In Stage II of Pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) most of the mild cases (8 cases in TVM group and 3 cases in LSC group) existied. The type of pelvic organ prolapse (most protruding part) was bladder. Many cystoceles in the TVM group (15 cases in the TVM group and 10 cases in the LSC group) were observed. The average operation time was 115 minutes in the TVM group and 214 minutes in the LSC group which was longer. The average bleeding amount was 54 ml in the TVM group and 10 ml in the LSC group, which was quite small. For the intraoperative complication, in 2 cases bleeding volume 100 ml or more were observed in the TVM group. Bladder injury was found in 1 case. (Conclusion) Regarding postoperative complications, one case of vaginal erosion in TVM group, one case of port suture failure in LSC group, one case of de novo OAB were observed respectively. OABSS, total urinary urgency, IPSS, residual urine were improved in both groups. Both types of surgery are expected to improve lower urinary symptoms and considered to be a useful tool for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.

Tension-free vaginal mesh surgery versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: Analysis of perioperative outcomes using a Japanese national inpatient database.

OBJECTIVE: To compare nationwide outcomes of tension-free vaginal mesh surgery and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse in Japan. METHODS: Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we collected data on female patients who underwent tension-free vaginal mesh surgery or laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse from April 2014 to March 2015. We compared the proportion of perioperative adverse events, duration of anesthesia, total costs and postoperative length of stay between the groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out for age, comorbidity, mesh volume, additional concomitant surgery and hospital volume. RESULTS: We identified 3023 patients, including 2388 who underwent tension-free vaginal mesh surgery, and 635 who underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. The median age at the time of surgery was significantly higher in the tension-free vaginal mesh group (71 vs 66 years; P < 0.001). The tension-free vaginal mesh group had a higher proportion of all adverse events (7.1% vs 1.8%; P < 0.001) and a higher proportion of genitourinary complications (5.7% vs 1.1%; P < 0.001). The median duration of anesthesia was shorter in the tension-free vaginal mesh group (150 vs 286 min; P < 0.001). The total cost was significantly lower in the tension-free vaginal mesh group. CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures offer favorable results for surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Overall, the tension-free vaginal mesh procedure seems to represent a good option for high-risk women, such as elderly patients, whereas laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is useful for younger patients with a higher level of sexual activity.

[A CASE OF URETEROUTERINE FISTULA AFTER CAESAREAN SECTION].

The reported incidence rate of iatrogenic ureteral injury is 0.5 to 3% among abdominal surgery. We report a case of ureterouterine fistula after caesarean section. A 38-year-old woman visited our department with a complaint of urinary incontinence without dry time after caesarean section. Several examinations revealed right ureterouterine fistula.Ureteroneocystostomy using psoas hitch and hysterectomy was performed. We found a firm adhesion and stitches around right lower ureter over the uterus, which lead to an additional hysterectomy. After surgery, urinary incontinence had improved. Following two years after surgery, we observed no urinary incontinence or renal dysfunction.

Efficacy of transurethral prostate enucleation by bipolar system for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficacies and safety of transurethral prostate enucleation by bipolar system (TUEB) for the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We prospectively evaluated clinical outcomes of TUEB in 55 patients with BPH from July 2005 to January 2011. Mean ages of the patients were 69.2 years. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS-quality of life (IPSS-QOL) were assessed before and 12 months after surgery. Serum PSA, maximal flow rate (MFR), and post-void residual (PVR) were also evaluated before and 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: The median prostate volumes and resection volumes were 64.1 g (interquartile range [IQR]: 48-87) and 34.4 g (25-60.2), respectively. The median operation time was 138.0 min (100.2-169.2). Total IPSS scores and IPSS-QOL were significantly improved (from 24 [17-31] to 5 [2-8] points, and from 6 [5-6] to 2 [1-2] points, both P<0.001). MFR and PVR were significantly improved 6 and 12 months after TUEB (from 6.2 [3.9-8.3] to 15.1 [10.5-20.9], and 14.6 [10.2-20.5] mL/s, P<0.0001, and from 151.5 [81.5-284.7] to 16.5 [0-30.5], and 6.0 [0-41.0] mL, P<0.0001, respectively). Serum PSA also significantly decreased, 6 and 12 months (from 7.5 [4.7-9.8] to 1.1 [0.5-1.5], and 0.6 [0.3-1.9] ng/mL, P<0.0001). Although hemoglobin decreased after operation, no case experienced blood transfusion. Three episodes of urinary tract infections, 14 cases of mild stress urinary incontinence, 2 cases of urinary retention were occurred transiently with recovery within 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We identified favorable efficacy and safety of TUEB. TUEB appears to be another possibility in the treatment of BPH.