Interconnectivity can be as important as habitat type in explaining carbon stocks in the coastal lagoons of arid regions.

Coastal blue carbon ecosystems, typically comprising interconnected habitat mosaics, are globally important pathways of carbon sequestration and play a significant role in climate change regulation and mitigation. Current coastal management strategies often rely on simplified regional carbon stock estimates, that overlook the geographical variability and intricate ecological dynamics within these ecosystems. This study adopts a seascape ecology approach to evaluate the role of multiple seascape characteristics on carbon storage in two arid region coastal lagoons. We show that seascape location is the most influential driver of carbon stocks. Additionally, carbon isotopic variability, a proxy for connectivity, can be as influential as habitat type, particularly in the UAQ lagoon. This challenges the conventional reliance on data from individual habitat types (e.g., seagrass, mangrove, or tidal marsh) and highlights the context-dependency of carbon stocks. Moreover, the specific characteristics driving carbon stocks vary between seascapes: in Khor Faridah, connectivity to seagrass and mangrove habitats is crucial, while in the UAQ lagoon, sheltered and elevated areas are more influential. Our findings suggest that the interconnectivity between different habitat types, such as mangroves and saltmarshes, significantly enhances carbon storage. This is especially pronounced in large, sheltered mangrove habitat types within upper intertidal zones. Notably, small patches of mangroves, up to 10 ha, are associated with an approximate 10 % increase in carbon stocks. These results underscore the need for a more holistic, context-specific approach to designing nature-based solutions for coastal management and ecosystem restoration. By considering the specific characteristics and connectivity of seascape mosaics, we can more effectively enhance carbon stock potential in coastal ecosystems. This study contributes to a deeper spatially explicit understanding of the complex factors influencing carbon stocks in blue carbon ecosystems, highlighting the importance of tailored management strategies that reflect the unique ecological patterns of each seascape.

Wearable, battery-free, wireless multiplexed printed sensors for heat stroke prevention with mussel-inspired bio-adhesive membranes.

Wearable technologies are becoming pervasive in our society, and their development continues to accelerate the untapped potential of continuous and ubiquitous sensing, coupled with big data analysis and interpretation, has only just begun to unfold. However, existing wearable devices are still bulky (mainly due to batteries and electronics) and have suboptimal skin contact. In this work, we propose a novel approach based on a sensor network produced through inkjet printing of nanofunctional inks onto a semipermeable substrate. This network enables real-time monitoring of critical physiological parameters, including temperature, humidity, and muscle contraction. Remarkably, our system operates under battery-free and wireless near-field communication (NFC) technology for data readout via smartphones. Moreover, two of the three sensors were integrated onto a naturally adhesive bioinspired membrane. This membrane, developed using an eco-friendly, high-throughput process, draws inspiration from the remarkable adhesive properties of mussel-inspired molecules. The resulting ultra-conformable membrane adheres effortlessly to the skin, ensuring reliable and continuous data collection. The urgency of effective monitoring systems cannot be overstated, especially in the context of rising heat stroke incidents attributed to climate change and high-risk occupations. Heat stroke manifests as elevated skin temperature, lack of sweating, and seizures. Swift intervention is crucial to prevent progression to coma or fatality. Therefore, our proposed system holds immense promise for the monitoring of these parameters on the field, benefiting both the general population and high-risk workers, such as firefighters.

Effect of Physical Exercise Programs Based on Mobile Health and Ecological Momentary Assessment on the Physical and Mental Health, Cognitive Functions, and Social Environment of Adults in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review.

Background and Objectives: Although there is strong evidence of the positive effects of physical exercise on health, adherence to face-to-face exercise programs in the adult population is low, identifying several barriers that hinder their practice. There is research that demonstrates the viability of physical exercise programs with the use of Mobile Health in Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) mode, which contributes to overcoming many reported barriers. To synthesize the methodological characteristics and health effects of physical exercise programs based on mobile health in EMA modality in adults in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to guidelines established by the PRISMA statement in APA PsycArticles and CINAHL databases by EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published between 2008 and March 2024. Results: Telephone counseling on clinical-behavioral factors is believed to reduce morbidity and mortality in developed countries, but this aspect is not explored in developing countries. We included nine randomized controlled trials with a total of 4394 male and female participants aged 18 to 60 years. The interventions were mainly carried out by text messages, lasting between 20 to 80 min per session, 3 to 5 days per week, and most were carried out over 12 months. The interventions on the variables of physical activity, nutrition, and medical assessments showed significant effects, and variables such as quality of life and anthropometric measurements were not significant in most studies. Conclusions: This systematic review included studies from different developing countries, the most common diseases being diabetes, overweight, obesity, and hypertension. All the studies used mobile devices as the technology, finding a profile of the adults studied, as well as the characteristics of exercise programs based on mobile health in EMA modality.

Evaluation of commercial doses of a feed additive and silymarin on broiler performance with and without CCl4-induced liver damage.

Improving productive performance is a daily challenge in the poultry industry. Developing cost-effective additives and strategies that improve performance in antibiotic-free poultry production is critical to maintaining productivity and efficiency. This study evaluates the influence of a commercially available phytogenic feed additive (CA-PFA, that comprises silymarin, betaine and curcumin extracts as main ingredients) and silymarin on commercial broilers' productive performance and liver function with and without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, eight replicates, and eight birds per replicate in 18 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb Vantress 500) each; under a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (3 diets x 2 levels of CCl4, 0 and 1 mL/kg body weight orally). The experimental treatments included 3 diets, commercially recommended doses of CA-PFA (500 mg/kg of feed; this dose provides 70 mg/kg of silymarin, besides the other active ingredients included in the formulation), silymarin (250 mg/kg of feed, containing 28% of active ingredient; this dose provides 70 mg/kg of silymarin as active ingredient) and an additive-free basal diet as a control. A standard commercial silymarin was used as a reference due to its well-known and extensively studied hepatoprotective properties that can mitigate the negative effects of CCl4 in the liver. The data were analyzed as a 2-way ANOVA, and the means showing significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were then compared using the Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test. No interaction was detected between factors. Exposure to CCl4 had a noticeable detrimental effect on alertness, productive performance, and liver function of broilers without a significant increase in mortality. Including CA-PFA in the diet improved productive performance compared to the basal diet from day 21 to the end of the trial, on day 42. While no influence in feed intake was detected for any treatment, CA-PFA improved body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P < 0.05) from day 21 to the end of the trial in healthy and CCl4-exposed birds. The results show that CA-PFA supplementation improves performance parameters in broilers with and without CCl4-induced liver damage, when compared to a basal diet and the addition of a standard commercial silymarin product.

Coastal lagoons in the United Arab Emirates serve as critical habitats for globally threatened marine megafauna.

Shallow coastal lagoons are vital ecosystems for many aquatic species and understanding their biodiversity is essential. Very little is known about the distribution and abundance of globally threatened marine megafauna in coastal lagoons of the Arabian Gulf. This study combined underwater and aerial surveys to investigate the distributions and relative abundance of marine megafauna in a large lagoon. We identified 13 species of megafauna including sea turtles, sharks, and rays. Eleven of these are globally threatened according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The Critically Endangered Halavi guitarfish (Glaucostegus halavi), and the Endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas) were the most frequently occurring species. Results demonstrate the value of combining aerial and underwater video surveys to obtain spatially comprehensive data on marine megafauna in shallow coastal lagoons. This new information emphasises the importance of Umm Al Quwain lagoon for biodiversity conservation to protect threatened marine species and their habitats.

Structured illumination ptychography and at-wavelength characterization with an EUV diffuser at 13.5†nm wavelength.

Structured illumination is essential for high-performance ptychography. Especially in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range, where reflective optics are prevalent, the generation of structured beams is challenging and, so far, mostly amplitude-only masks have been used. In this study, we generate a highly structured beam using a phase-shifting diffuser optimized for 13.5 nm wavelength and apply this beam to EUV ptychography. This tailored illumination significantly enhances the quality and resolution of the ptychography reconstructions. In particular, when utilizing the full dynamics range of the detector, the resolution has been improved from 125 nm, when using an unstructured beam, to 34 nm. Further, ptychography enables the quantitative measurement of both the amplitude and phase of the EUV diffuser at 13.5 nm wavelength. This capability allows us to evaluate the influence of imperfections and contaminations on its "at wavelength" performance, paving the way for advanced EUV metrology applications and highlighting its importance for future developments in nanolithography and related fields.

Cambios metabólicos y de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en mujeres intervenidas con un programa de ejercicio físico asistido con una aplicación móvil: un estudio controlado no randomizado

El síndrome metabólico (SMet) es prevalente en nuestra población. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar el efecto del ejercicio físico, asistido con una aplicación móvil (m-Health), sobre la aptitud-cardiorrespiratoria (ACR) e indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres con alteraciones metabólicas propias del SMet, y compararlo con el efecto de ejercicio monitoreado de forma presencial en mujeres de similares características. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio controlado no-randomizado con dos brazos. Se reclutaron 41 mujeres con alteraciones metabólicas, 14 completaron el estudio y conformaron por conveniencia el grupo de intervención con m-Health o el control con el Programa Vida Sana, ejecutados durante 10 semanas. Se evaluó la ACR, composición corporal, antropometría, presión arterial (PA); pre y post-intervención. Resultados: El 95% de las mujeres presentaron baja y muy baja ACR basal. El grupo intervenido con m-Health luego de 10 semanas, aumentó el VO2max (% cambio: + 44,4; p = 0,035) y disminuyó el perímetro de cintura (% cam- bio:-2,6; p = 0,022) y la PAD (% cambio:-14,1; p = 0,036). En tanto, el grupo control disminuyó el perímetro de cintura (% cambio:-6,5; p = 0.015) y la PAD (% cambio:-12,2; p = 0,05), pero no modificó el VO2max. Las comparaciones entre grupos no arrojaron diferencias. Conclusiones: Un programa de ejercicio físico vía m-Health mejoró la ACR y parámetros antropométricos en mujeres con alteraciones cardiometabólicas.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent in our population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of physical exercise, assisted by a mobile application (m-Health), on cardiorespiratory fitness (ACR) and cardiovascular risk markers in women with metabolic disorders typical of MetS, and to compare it with the effect of exercise monitored face to face in women with similar characteristics. Materials and Methods: Controlled experimental study with two arms. Forty-one women with metabolic disorders were recruited; 14 completed the study and, for convenience, formed the intervention group with m-Health or the control group with the Vida Sana Program, both carried out for ten weeks. ACR, body composition, anthropometry, and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: 95% of the women presented low and very low basal ACR. The group treated with m-Health after 10 weeks increased VO2max (% change: + 44.4; p = 0.035) and decreased waist circumference (% change: -2.6; p = 0.022) and DBP (% change: -14.1; p = 0.036). Meanwhile, the control group decreased waist circumference (% change: -6.5; p = 0.015) and DBP (% change: -12.2; p = 0.05) but did not change VO2 max. Comparisons between groups did not show differences. Conclusions: A physical exercise program via m-Health improved ACR and anthropometric parameters in women with cardiometabolic disorders.

[Metabolic and cardiorespiratory fitness changes in women undergoing a physical exercise program assisted by a mobile application. A non-randomized controlled study]. / Cambios metabólicos y de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en mujeres intervenidas con un programa de ejercicio físico asistido con una aplicación móvil: un estudio controlado no randomizado.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent in our population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of physical exercise, assisted by a mobile application (m-Health), on cardiorespiratory fitness (ACR) and cardiovascular risk markers in women with metabolic disorders typical of MetS, and to compare it with the effect of exercise monitored face to face in women with similar characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Controlled experimental study with two arms. Forty-one women with metabolic disorders were recruited; 14 completed the study and, for convenience, formed the intervention group with m-Health or the control group with the Vida Sana Program, both carried out for ten weeks. ACR, body composition, anthropometry, and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. RESULTS: 95% of the women presented low and very low basal ACR. The group treated with m-Health after 10 weeks increased VO2max (% change: + 44.4; p = 0.035) and decreased waist circumference (% change: -2.6; p = 0.022) and DBP (% change: -14.1; p = 0.036). Meanwhile, the control group decreased waist circumference (% change: -6.5; p = 0.015) and DBP (% change: -12.2; p = 0.05) but did not change VO2 max. Comparisons between groups did not show differences. CONCLUSIONS: A physical exercise program via m-Health improved ACR and anthropometric parameters in women with cardiometabolic disorders.

Escolares participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar de un establecimiento educacional público de la provincia del Biobío (Chile) presentan un similar estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento académico

Introducción: Existe amplia evidencia sobre escolares chilenos con altos niveles de sobrepeso-obesidad, bajo nivel de actividad física y de condición física. Sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia que compare el estado nutricional, actividad física y condición física entre escolares participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar. Objetivo: Analizar diferencias en el estado nutricional, la condición física y el rendimiento escolar entre escolares de tercero a quinto año básico participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar de un establecimiento educacional público de la provincia del Biobío (Chile). Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. se analizó una muestra por conveniencia de 107 escolares. Se midió el estado nutricional, la condición física. Además, para evaluar el rendimiento escolar se obtuvieron los promedios de notas de Lenguaje y matemáticas. Resultados: Se reportó una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad ligeramente superiores a valores de referencia nacional. No existieron diferencias significativas entre el estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento académico para los escolares participantes y no participantes del programa de integración escolar. Adicionalmente, los escolares con mayor índice de masa corporal tenían un promedio más bajo en la asignatura de Lenguaje y Comunicación. Conclusiones: La similitud en los niveles de estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento escolar, así como la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad asociada a un bajo rendimiento académico, debe tenerse en cuenta al momento de diseñar e implementar campañas de promoción de actividad física en escolares

Introduction: There is ample evidence on Chilean schoolchildren with high levels of overweight and obesity, and a low level of physical activity and physical fitness. However, there is little evidence that compares the nutritional status, physical activity, and physical fitness between participating and non-participating schoolchildren in mainstream education. Objective: To analyze differences in nutritional status, physical condition, and school performance among schoolchildren from the third to fifth grade participating and non-participating in mainstream education of a public educational establishment in the province of Biobío, Chile. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study. A convenience sample of 107 schoolchildren was analyzed. Nutritional status and physical fitness were measured. In addition, to measure school performance, the grade point averages of language and mathematics were obtained. Results: A prevalence of overweight and obesity slightly higher than national reference values was reported. There were no significant differences between the nutritional status, physical condition, and school performance for the participating and non-participating schoolchildren in mainstream education. Additionally, the schoolchildren with the highest body mass index had a lower grade point average in language and communication. Conclusions: The similarity in the levels of nutritional status, physical fitness, and school performance, as well as the prevalence of overweight and obesity associated with low school performance, should be considered when designing and implementing program to promote physical activity in schoolchildren

Contribución de la priorización curricular de educación física y salud en la formación académica de los estudiantes / Contribution of the curricular prioritization of physical education and health in the academic training of students / Contribuição da priorização curricular de educação física e saúde na formação académica dos estudantes

RESUMEN Los procesos educativos han sufrido muchos cambios debido a la pandemia de Covid-19 intentando mantener la continuidad de los mismos a través de clases virtuales, para facilitar esta labor, el Ministerio de Educación de Chile establece la Priorización Curricular que tiene como propósito responder a las diversas dificultades y problemas del ámbito educativo que emergen debido a la paralización de las clases presenciales causado por la crisis sanitaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la priorización curricular en Educación Física y Salud es una contribución para la formación académica de los estudiantes, para ello, se utilizó una metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, a través de la cual se recogió información que permitió conocer la percepción de los profesores en ejercicio. Los resultados indican que su principal contribución es en el ámbito conceptual, sin embargo, presenta carencias en cuanto a algunos aspectos relevantes para un buen desarrollo del aprendizaje. Se concluye que esta organización de objetivos ha sido medianamente bien recibida por los profesores, aunque representa en su aplicación una contribución al proceso formativo.

ABSTRACT The educational processes have undergone many changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic, trying to maintain their continuity through virtual classes, to facilitate this work, the Ministry of Education of Chile establishes the Curricular Prioritization that aims to respond to the various difficulties and problems in the educational environment that emerge due to the paralysis of face-to-face classes caused by the health crisis. The objective of this study was to know if the curricular prioritization in Physical Education and Health is a contribution to the academic training of students, for this, a methodology with a quantitative, non-experimental approach was used, through which information was collected that allowed to know the perception of practicing teachers. The main results indicate that its main contribution is in the conceptual field; however, it presents deficiencies in terms of some relevant aspects for a good development of learning. It is concluded that this organization of objectives has been fairly well received by teachers, although in its application it represents a contribution to the training process.

RESUMO Os processos educacionais sofreram muitas mudanças devido à pandemia de Covid-19, tentando manter sua continuidade por meio de aulas virtuais. Para facilitar este trabalho, o Ministério da Educação do Chile estabelece a Priorização Curricular que visa responder às várias dificuldades e problemas no campo educacional que surgem devido à paralisação das aulas presenciais causadas pela crise da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi saber se a priorização curricular em Educação Física e Saúde é uma contribuição para a formação acadêmica dos alunos, para isso, foi utilizada uma metodologia com abordagem quantitativa, não experimental, por meio da qual foram coletadas informações que permitiu conhecer a percepção dos professores atuantes. Os resultados indicam que sua principal contribuição está no campo conceitual, porém, apresenta deficiências em alguns aspectos relevantes para um bom desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Conclui-se que esta organização de objetivos tem sido moderadamente bem recebida pelos docentes, embora represente um contributo para o processo de formação na sua aplicação.

Comportamiento de la actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios en Chile / Behavior of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with subjective well-being and mental health in university students in Chile

Resumen Antecedentes La pandemia por COVID-19 ha impactado en la actividad física y salud psicológica de estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo Analizar el comportamiento de la actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios en Chile. Método Estudio transversal en una muestra de 469 estudiantes de diferentes universidades de Chile (67,4% mujeres, M= 21,7 DT= 2,45 años). Se midió el comportamiento de la actividad física, bienestar subjetivo y salud mental. Resultados Los estudiantes que mantuvieron un comportamiento físicamente activo antes y durante la pandemia presentaron mayor bienestar subjetivo (hombres: p = 0,020; y mujeres p <0,0001) que quienes se mantuvieron físicamente inactivos antes y durante la pandemia (mujeres M= 4,84, DE= 1,64; hombres M= 4,46, DT= 1,27). Las mujeres que se volvieron físicamente inactivas durante la pandemia tuvieron menos experiencias afectivas negativas que mujeres que eran inactivas antes de la pandemia ( F (3,293)=3,118; p =0,026). La sintomatología de salud mental se reportó con menor frecuencia en estudiantes físicamente activos que inactivos. Conclusión Estudiantes que se mantuvieron físicamente activos antes y durante la pandemia mostraron mejores indicadores de bienestar subjetivo y salud mental que quienes se mantuvieron físicamente inactivos o pasaron a ser físicamente inactivos durante la pandemia. La actividad física debe promoverse en la educación superior, debido a su potencial efecto protector en el manejo de consecuencias psicológicas durante una crisis pandémica.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the physical activity and psychological health of university students. Objective To analyze the physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with subjective well-being and mental health in university students in Chile. Method Cross-sectional study in a sample of 469 students from different Chilean universities (67.4% women, M = 21.7 SD = 2.45 years). The physical activity, subjective well-being and mental health was measured. Results Students who maintained a physically active behavior before and during the pandemic presented higher subjective well-being (men: p = 0.020; and women p <0.0001) than those who were physically inactive before and during the pandemic (women M = 4 , 84, SD = 1.64; men M = 4.46, SD = 1.27). Women who became physically inactive during the pandemic had fewer negative affective experiences than women who were inactive before the pandemic (F (3,293) = 3.118, p = 0.026). Mental health symptoms were reported less frequently in physically active than inactive students. Conclusion Students who were physically active before and during the pandemic showed better indicators of subjective well-being and mental health than those who were physically inactive or became physically inactive during the pandemic. Physical activity should be promoted in higher education, due to its potential protective effect in managing psychological consequences during a pandemic crisis.

Efectos de un programa de ejercicio multicomponente en personas mayores que viven en comunidad / Effects of a multicomponent exercise program in older people living in the community

RESUMEN Fundamento: una intervención basada en ejercicio multicomponente favorecería la funcionalidad. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios locales, en Chile, que los han utilizado. Objetivo determinar los efectos del ejercicio multicomponente en la disminución del riesgo de caída y riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, la mejora del equilibrio, fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida en personas mayores que viven en comunidad. Métodos: estudio preexperimental pre-post sin grupo control. La muestra fue intencionada (n=17; 47,1 % mujeres; 70 años de mediana). Se aplicó un plan de ejercicio multicomponente durante nueve semanas. Pre y post ejercicio se evaluó equilibrio dinámico con el test Timed Up and Go, equilibrio estático con un oscilógrafo postural y la prueba de Estación Unipodal, fuerza muscular con el test de Sentarse y Levantarse, capacidad funcional con el test de Marcha 6 Minutos, calidad de vida con el Cuestionario SF-36 y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo con el Mini Mental State. Para determinar diferencias pre-post ejercicio se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: después de los ejercicios se observó un mejor rendimiento en las pruebas: Timed Up and Go (p=0,004), Estación Unipodal (p=0,023 pierna derecha, p=0,005 pierna izquierda), Sentarse y Levantarse (p=0,014), Marcha de 6 Minutos (p=0,006) y en el Cuestionario SF-36: dolor corporal (p=0,003), salud mental (p=0,000) y puntaje total (p=0,002). Conclusiones: un programa de ejercicio multicomponente de nueve semanas logró disminuir el riesgo de caídas, mejorar equilibrio, fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida de personas mayores que viven en comunidad.

ABSTRACT Background: a multicomponent exercise-based intervention would favor functionality. However, there are few local studies, in Chile, that have used them. Objective to determine the effects of multicomponent exercise in reducing the falling and cognitive deterioration risks, improving balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and life quality in elderly people living in the community. Methods: pre-post experimental study without control group. The sample was intentional (n = 17; 47.1% women; median 70 years old). A multicomponent exercise plan was applied for nine weeks. Pre and post exercise, dynamic balance was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go test, static balance with a postural oscillograph and the Unipodal Station test, muscle strength with the Sit and Stand test, functional capacity with the 6 Minute Walk test, quality life with the SF-36 Questionnaire and suspected cognitive impairment with the Mini Mental State. To determine pre-post exercise differences, the Wilcoxon test was applied. Results: after the exercises, a better performance was observed in the tests: Timed Up and Go (p = 0.004), Unipodal Station (p = 0.023 right leg, p = 0.005 left leg), Sitting and Getting up (p = 0.014), 6-Minute Walk (p = 0.006) and in the SF-36 Questionnaire: body pain (p = 0.003), mental health (p = 0.000) and total score (p = 0.002). Conclusions: a nine-week multicomponent exercise program was able to reduce the risk of falls, improve balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in older people living in the community.

Características metodológicas en el estudio del compromiso hacia la práctica de actividad física y ejercicio en población general: una revisión sistemática / Methodological characteristics of studying commitment to the practice of physical activity and exercise in the general population: a systematic review

Resumen Zapata Lamana, R., Fuentes Figueroa, V., Reyes Molina, D., Geisse Zárate, A. E. y Cigarroa, I. (2021). Características metodológicas en el estudio del compromiso hacia la práctica de actividad física y ejercicio en población general: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-23. Aunque la literatura sobre el compromiso deportivo en población deportista es extensa, se requiere profundizar sobre el compromiso hacia la práctica de actividad y ejercicio físicos en la población general. El objetivo del estudio fue sintetizar las características metodológicas de los artículos que han estudiado el compromiso hacia la práctica de actividad y ejercicio físicos en la población general. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática siguiendo la declaración PRISMA. Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos PsycINFO y Medline desde 2009 al 2019. Un total de 14 artículos fueron elegidos, principalmente con diseños transversales. La población más estudiada fue de estudiantes universitarias mujeres, sin condición clínica. Todos los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar el compromiso hacia la actividad física y ejercicio estaban escritos en inglés, en su mayoría aplicados en Estados Unidos. Utilizaban una escala Likert con alta fiabilidad. Las principales variables asociadas a la evaluación del compromiso fueron la edad, género, origen étnico, nivel educativo y económico, nivel de actividad física, comportamiento, patologías alimentarias e índice de masa corporal y variables sociocognitivas, como autoeficacia, apoyo social, barreras y beneficios percibidos para la realización de la actividad física. Esta revisión entrega un perfil de la población en quien se evalúa el compromiso hacia la actividad física y ejercicio, los instrumentos utilizados y variables asociadas, lo que actualiza el conocimiento existente sobre el compromiso hacia la actividad física y ejercicio en la población general.

Abstract Zapata Lamana, R., Fuentes Figueroa, V., Reyes Molina, D., Geisse Zárate, A. E. & Cigarroa, I. (2021). Methodological characteristics of studying commitment to the practice of physical activity and exercise in the general population: a systematic review. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-23. Although the literature on sports commitment within the sports population is extensive, in-depth studies of the commitment to the practice of physical activity and exercise in the general population are needed. The aim of this paper was to synthesize the methodological characteristics of articles that have studied the commitment to the practice of physical activity and exercise in the general population. A systematic review was developed following the PRISMA statement. Furthermore, electronic searches were conducted in the PsycINFO and Medline databases from 2009 to 2019. A total of 14 articles was selected, mainly with cross-sectional designs. The most studied population included female university students with no clinical condition. All instruments used to assess commitment to physical activity and exercise were written in English, mostly applied in the United States, and used a Likert scale with high reliability. The main variables associated with the evaluation of commitment were age, gender, ethnic origin, educational and economic level, level of physical activity, behavior, eating disorders, and body mass index, as well as sociocognitive variables such as self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barriers and benefits of physical activity. This review provides a profile of the population in which the commitment to physical activity and exercise is evaluated, the instruments used, and associated variables, which updates the existing knowledge about the commitment to physical activity and exercise in the general population.

Resumo Zapata Lamana, R., Fuentes Figueroa, V., Reyes Molina, D., Geisse Zárate, A. E. e Cigarroa, I. (2021). Características metodológicas no estudo do comprometimento com relação à prática de atividade física e exercício na população em geral: uma revisão sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-23. Embora a literatura sobre o comprometimento esportivo na população esportista seja extensa, é preciso uma perscrutação sobre o comprometimento na prática de atividade e exercício físicos na população em geral. O estudo teve como objetivo sintetizar as características metodológicas dos artigos que estudaram o comprometimento na prática de atividade e exercício físicos na população em geral. Foi desenvolvida uma revisão sistemática seguindo a declaração PRISMA. Foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados PsycINFO e Medline de 2009 a 2019. Um total de 14 artigos foram eleitos, principalmente com desenhos transversais. A população mais estudada foi a de estudantes universitárias mulheres, sem condição clínica. Todos os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o comprometimento com relação à atividade física e ao exercício estavam escritos em inglês, em sua maioria aplicados nos Estados Unidos. Utilizavam uma escala Likert de alta fiabilidade. As principais variáveis associadas à avaliação do comprometimento foram a idade, o gênero, a origem étnica, o nível educativo e económico, o nível de atividade física, o comportamento, as patologias alimentarias e o índice de massa corporal e variáveis sociocognitivas, como autoeficácia, apoio social, barreiras e benefícios percebidos para a realização da atividade física. Esta revisão mostra um perfil da população na qual se avalia o comprometimento com relação à atividade física e ao exercício, os instrumentos utilizados e as variáveis associadas, o que atualiza o conhecimento existente sobre o comprometimento com relação à atividade física e ao exercício na população em geral.

Influencia de la materia orgánica y Azotobacter nigricans en un cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana B / Influência da matéria orgânica e Azotobacter nigricans em uma cultura de Stevia rebaudiana B / Influence of organic matter and Azotobacter nigricans on a Stevia rebaudiana B. plantation

Stevia rebaudiana es una planta que acumula un compuesto edulcorante no calórico conocido como esteviosido. Su cultivo tradicionalmente se fertiliza con compuestos químicos que causan daño al ecosistema, obligando a buscar alternativas orgánicas para mitigar este daño. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la materia orgánica y un biofertilizante con base en Azotobacter nigricans en un cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana ubicado en el departamento de Meta, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: T1 y T2 Incorporando al cultivo compost de residuos domiciliarios en concentraciones de 15 y 30 ton ha-1 respectivamente; T3 y T4 con las mismas concentraciones de compost e inoculando el biofertilizante y T5 solamente con el biofertilizante. El control correspondió a las condiciones normales de cultivo con compost Bokashi. El crecimiento vegetal se evaluó por determinación de biomasa en peso seco, producción y área foliar. El análisis fisicoquímico de suelo incluyó: porcentaje carbono orgánico, humedad y pH. Resultados. La inoculación del biofertilizante produjo un incremento en la velocidad de mineralización del compost, con %CO final de 4,85 entre los 90 y 180 días. Se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p< 0,05) entre la producción de biomasa de T2 (1538 kg ha-1) y el control (477 kg ha-1). Respecto al contenido de sólidos solubles T1, T3 y T4 presentaron los más altos valores de °Brix (12,4: 12,35 y 12,15). Conclusiones. La concentración 30 ton ha-1 presentó los mejores rendimientos de biomasa y la aplicación del biofertilizante mostró una correlación positiva con la mineralización del compost y síntesis de glucósidos...

Influence of organic matter and Azotobacter nigricans on a Stevia rebaudiana B. plantation Stevia rebaudiana is a plant that accumulates a non-caloric sweetener compound known as stevioside. This crop is traditionally fertilized with chemicals that are harmful for the ecosystem, forcing to find organic alternatives to mitigate this damage. Objective. To study the effect of organic matter and an Azotobacter nigricans-based bio-fertilizer on a Stevia rebaudiana plantation grown in acidic soil in the Department of Meta, Colombia. Materials and methods. Five treatments were established: T1 and T2 with the application of home organic waste compost at concentrations of 15 and 30 ton ha-1. T3 and T4 with the same compost concentrations and inoculating the A. nigricans bio-fertilizer. T5 contained the bio-fertilizer alone. The control consisted of the application of the Bokashi compost under the usual conditions of cultivation. Plant growth was assessed by biomass increase measured as dry weight, production, and leaf area. The physicochemical analysis of soil included: percentage of organic carbon, water content, and pH. Results. The inoculation of the bio-fertilizer produced an increase in the rate of mineralization of compost, reaching a final 4.85% of OC between 90 and 180 days after inoculation. There were significant (p< 0.05) differences between biomass production with T2 (1,538 kg ha-1) and the control (477 kg ha-1). Regarding the soluble solid content, T1, T3 and T4 showed the highest °Brix values (12.4, 12.35 and 12.15, respectively). Conclusions. The concentration of 30 ton ha-1 produced the highest biomass production and the application of the biofertilizer showed a positive correlation with compost mineralization and glucoside synthesis...

Influência da matéria orgânica e Azotobacter nigricans em uma cultura de Stevia rebaudiana B. Stevia rebaudiana é uma planta que acumula um composto edulcorante não-calórico conhecido como esteviosídeo. Sua cultura é tradicionalmente fertilizada com produtos químicos que danificam o ecossistema, forçando a procura de alternativas orgânicas para reduzir esse dano. Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito da matéria orgânica e um biofertilizante com base em Azotobacter nigricans numa cultura de Stevia rebaudiana localizada no departamento de Meta, na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos. Cinco tratamentos foram estabelecidos: T1 e T2 incorporando ao cultivo composto de lixo doméstico em concentrações de 15 e 30 t ha-1, respectivamente; T3 e T4 com as mesmas concentrações do composto e inoculando o biofertilizante e T5 apenas com o biofertilizante. O controle correspondeu a condições normais de cultivo com composto Bokashi. O crescimento das plantas foi avaliado por estimação da biomassa em peso seco, da produção e da área foliar. A análise físico-química do solo inclui o seguinte: porcentagem de carbono orgânico, umidade e pH. Resultados. A inoculação do biofertilizante produz um aumento na taxa de mineralização do composto, com CO final de 4,85% entre 90 e 180 dias. Diferenças estatisticamente significativa (p <0,05) foram observadas entre a produção de biomassa de T2 (1538 kg ha-1) e o controle (477 kg ha-1). Com relação ao conteúdo de sólidos solúveis T1, T3 e T4 tiveram os maiores valores de °Brix (12,4: 12,35 e 12,15). Conclusões. A concentração de 30 ton ha-1 apresentou o melhor rendimento de biomassa e a aplicação do biofertilizante mostrou uma correlação positiva com a mineralização do composto e a síntese de glicosídeos...

Producción de un biofertilizante a partir de un aislamiento de Azotobacter nigricans obtenido en un cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana Bert / Produção de um bio-fertilizante a partir do isolamento de Azotobacter nigricans obtido num cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana Bert. rato / Bio-fertilizer production from an isolate of Azotobacter nigricans obtained from a plantation of Stevia rebaudiana Bert

Realizar un aislamiento de bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno para emplearlas en un programa de fertilización bajo un esquema de agricultura orgánica. Materiales y métodos. El aislamiento de bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno se realizó en medio Ashby-benzoato a partir del suelo de un cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Los aislamientos identificados como Azotobacter nigricans fueron evaluados mediante una cinética de crecimiento y la cepa con mayor velocidad se utilizó para la elaboración de un biofertilizante por fermentación discontinua La evaluación preliminar del biofertilizante se realizó mediante su inoculación en 3 eras de un cultivo de S. rebaudiana Bert. y el rendimiento se determinó con base en la producción de biomasa y concentración de glucósidos. Resultados. Dos aislamientos (A5 y A6) fueron identificados como A. nigricans con base en la caracterización fenotípica y genotípica. El aislamiento A5 se seleccionó para la elaboración del biofertilizante debido a que presentó mejor estabilidad, pigmentación, mayor velocidad de crecimiento 0,1405 h-1 fase exponencial de 18 horas y una producción de AIA promedio de 38,4 mg/ml a las 150 horas. El biofertilizante se obtuvo en medio leche con una concentración celular de 4x1012 UFC/ml. Conclusiones. La evaluación preliminar en campo mostró una correlación positiva entre el aumento de la concentración de glucósidos en las hojas de S. rebaudiana y una mayor producción de biomasa en respuesta a la aplicación del biofertilizante...

Bio-fertilizer production from an isolate of Azotobacter nigricans obtained from a plantation of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Objective.To isolate nitrogen fixing bacteria to be used in a fertilization regime of an organic agriculture program. Materials and methods. The isolation of nitrogen fixing bacteria was done in an Ashby-benzoate medium from soil of a Stevia rebaudiana plantation. Isolates identified as Azotobacter nigricans were evaluated by their growth kinetics and the strain with the fastest growth was used for the production of a biofertilizer by discontinuous fermentation. The preliminary evaluation of the biofertilizer was done by its inoculation into three ridges of a plantation of S. rebaudiana and yield determination was based upon biomass production and glycoside concentration. Results. Two isolates (A5 and A6) were identified as A. nigricans based on their phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Isolate A5 was selected for preparing the biofertilizer because it showed a better stability, pigmentation, a faster growth rate (0.1405 h-1 exponential phase of 18 hours) and an average IAA production of 38.4 mg/ml after 150 hours. The bio-fertilizer was obtained in milk medium with a cell concentration of 4x1012 CFU/ml. Conclusions. The preliminary field evaluation showed a positive correlation between the increase of the glycoside concentration in the leaves of S. rebaudiana and a higher production of biomass in response to the bio-fertilizer application...

Produção de um bio-fertilizante a partir do isolamento de Azotobacter nigricans obtido num cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana Bert.Objetivo: Realizar um isolamento de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio para empregá-las num programa de fertilização sob um esquema deagricultura orgânica. Materiais e métodos: O isolamento de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio realizou-se no meio Ashby-benzoato a partirdo solo de um cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Os isolamentos identificados como Azotobacter nigricans foram avaliados mediante umacinética de crescimento e a cepa com maior velocidade utilizou-se para a elaboração de um bio-fertilizante por fermentação descontínua. Aavaliação preliminar do bio-fertilizante realizou-se mediante sua inoculação em 3 eras de um cultivo de S. rebaudiana Bert., e o rendimento determinou-se com base na produção de biomassa e concentração de glucosideos. Resultados: Dois isolamentos (A5 e A6) foram identificados como A. nigricans com base na caracterização fenotípica e genotípica. O isolamento A5 selecionou-se para a elaboração do bio-fertilizante por apresentar melhor estabilidade, pigmentação, maior velocidade de crescimento (0,1405 h-1 fase exponencial de 18 horas) e uma produção de AIA media de 38,4? mg/ml as 150 horas. O bio-fertilizante obteve-se no meio leite com uma concentração celular de 4x1012 UFC/ml. Conclusões. A avaliação preliminar no campo apresentou uma correlação positiva entre o aumento da concentração deglucosideos nas folhas de S. rebaudiana e uma maior produção de biomassa como resposta à aplicação do bio-fertilizante...

Evolución neonatal en recién nacidos de término, según el tiempo de ligadura del cordón umbilical / Neonatal outcome in term newborn according to the time clamping of the umbilical cord

Introducción.Ciertas prácticas obstétricas,como ligadura precoz(LP)del cordón umbilical al nacer, no han sido justificadas en estudios controlados,aun cuando es la práctica habitual en nuestras maternidades.La ligadura tardía del cordón(LT)podría ser una estrategia preventiva de la anemia ferropénica del lactante,pero para su implementacion,es necesario conocer si produce efectos adversos sobre el recién nacido.Población y métodos.Se investigó la presencia de trastorno y alteraciones de los valores hematimétricos en el recién nacido en los primeros días de vida y al alta de maternidad en dos poblaciones de recién nacidos con ambos tipos de ligadura,se analizó además,la implementación del LT en el equipo maternoinfantil de la sala de partos.La muestra consistió en 153 neonatos,nacidos en la maternidad de Necochea,provincia de Buenos Aires,entre el 7/03/00 y el 30/07 /00 divididos en dos grupos,uno con LP en el momento del nacimiento y otro similar con LT,a los 3 minutos.El neonato permaneció sobre el abdomen materno.Se realizó examen hematológico completo,ferremia y saturación de transferrina al alta de maternidad y a los 3,6,9 y 12 meses de vida.Resultados.No hubo trastornos neonatales.Nueve recién nacidos(6 del grupo LT y 3 LP)requieron internación breve en la UCIN.Dos neonatos del grupo LP presentaron policitemia,no se observó esta alteración en ninguno del grupo LT.El 14,8 por ciento de los RN del grupo de LP estuvo anemico al alta maternidad,según la Hb( 28 por ciento según hematocrito)y solamente el 3 por ciento de los que recibieron LT(4,5 por ciento según el hematocrito)OR 28(6,12-177,12)X 35,2 p<0,0001.Datos preliminares en un pequeño grupo controlado hasta el año sugieren que durante ese lapso los valores mantuvieron la misma tendencia,lo que deberá ser validado en un estudio más amplio.Conclusiones.La experiencia mostró que la Lt es segura para el recién nacido de término sano y en la prevención de la anemia al alta de la maternidad.El equipo de salud de la sala de partos se aceptó el método con facilidad y se aplica actualmente como norma

Estudio comparativo entre amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico y claritromicina: tratamiento de la sinusitis maxilar en niños / Comparative study between amoxicillin-clavulanate and clarithromycin: treatment of maxillary sinusitis in children

En este estudio participaron 30 niños con diagnóstico clínico y radiológico de sinusitis maxilar. Las especies bacterianas recuperadas en mayor proporción en los cultivos nasofaríngeos fueron Moraxella catarrhalis y Haemophilus influenzae. Los sujetos recibieron tratamiento con amoxicilina-clavulanato 40mg/kg/día en tres dosis por 14 días, claritromicina 15mg/kg/día en dos dosis por 14 días o ningún tratamiento. Todos los sujetos, incluso los del grupo control, recibieron dosis apropiadas de una combinación de 30 mg de terfenadina más de 30 mg de seudoefedrina/5ml y lavados nasales con oximetazolina 0,004 por ciento en solución salina al 0,9 por ciento por 7 días. La tasa global de curación y mejoría fue de 90 por ciento y los resultados clínicos y radiológicos fueron similares en ambos grupos de tratamiento antibacteriano. Nosotros concluimos que amoxicilina-clavulanato y claritromicina tienen eficacias similares en el tratamiento de la sinusitis maxilar bacteriana en niños.