RESUMEN
Background: Correlative interactions between electrical charges and cancer cells involve important unknown factors in cancer diagnosis and treatment. We previously reported the intrinsic suppressive effects of pure positive electrostatic charges (PEC) on the proliferation and metabolism of invasive cancer cells without any effect on normal cells in cell lines and animal models. The proposed mechanism was the suppression of pro-caspases 3 and 9 with an increase in Bax/Bcl2 ratio in exposed malignant cells and perturbation induced in the KRAS pathway of malignant cells by electrostatic charges due to the phosphate molecule electrostatic charge as the trigger of the pathway. This study aimed to examine PECs as a complementary treatment for patients with different types of solid metastatic tumors, who showed resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Methods: In this study, solid metastatic tumors of the end-stage patients (n = 41) with various types of cancers were locally exposed to PEC for at least one course of 12 days. The patient's signs and symptoms, the changes in their tumor size, and serum markers were followed up from 30 days before positive electrostatic charge treating (PECT) until 6 months after the study. Results: Entirely, 36 patients completed the related follow-ups. Significant reduction in tumor sizes and cancer-associated enzymes as well as improvement in cancer-related signs and symptoms and patients' lifestyles, without any side effects on other tissues or metabolisms of the body, were observed in more than 80% of the candidates. Conclusion: PECT induced significant cancer remission in combination with other therapies. Therefore, this non-ionizing radiation would be a beneficial complementary therapy, with no observable side effects of ionizing radiotherapy, such as post-radiation inflammation.
RESUMEN
A new biosensor for detecting cancer involved sentinel lymph nodes has been developed via the electrochemical tracing of fatty acid oxidation as a distinct metabolism of malignant cells invading lymph nodes (LNs). The system included integrated platinum needle electrodes that were decorated by carbon nanotubes (as hydrophobic agents) through laser-assisted nanowelding. It was applied to record the dielectric spectroscopy data from LN contents via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The system was applied for dielectric spectroscopy of LN contents via electrochemical impedance approach. The reduced lipid content of involved LNs, due to fat metabolism by invasive cancer cells, would decrease the charge transfer resistance (RCT) of the LNs with respect to their normal counterparts. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with superhydrophobic properties were used to enhance the interaction of Pt needle electrodes with the lipidic contents of lymph nodes. This is the first time that a fatty acid metabolism-based sensing approach has been introduced to detect involved LNs. Moreover, a novel electrode decorating method was applied to enhance the interfacial contact of this lipid detection probe (LDP). In order to avoid doubt about the biocompatibility of ferrocyanide, [Fe(CN)6]4- and ferricyanide, [Fe(CN)6]3-, a biocompatible injectable metal ion-based material, ferric carboxymaltose, was selected and applied as the electrolyte for the first time. Rabbit LNs were tested using the LDP in the animal model phase. The system was then used in vitro on 122 dissected human LNs in the operating room. Calibration of the results showed an excellent match between the dielectric response of the LDP (known as charge transfer resistance (RCT)) and the final pathological diagnoses. The LDP may have a promising future after further clinical investigations for intra-operative distinction between normal and cancerous LNs.