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Performance indicators are key component and plays a major role for monitoring and continuous quality improvement of the test results. The NABL certificate of accreditation is issued in accordance with the standard ISO 15189:2012 requirements. As part of the accreditation process, the laboratory has acquired knowledge and implemented the quality system procedures. Present study analyzed the impact of the accreditation process on the "performance indicators" of MGIT primary culture and found that performance indicators have been improved significantly after implementation of NABL for almost all indicators which clearly indicate the importance of accreditation and implementation of quality procedures for reliability of valid test results.
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Acreditación , Laboratorios , Humanos , Control de Calidad , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) produce inconsistent risk stratification. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify further prognostic parameters for better stratification. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the prognostic significance of clinicopathologic parameters of 230 patients who underwent primary excision of invasive cSCC of the head and neck (n = 115) and non-head and non-neck (n = 115) locations. In addition to known high-risk features, we analysed tumour nest shape, invasion pattern, lymphoid response pattern and tumour budding. RESULTS: On multivariable analysis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and high tumour budding predicted worse disease-specific survival, and ulceration, LVI and high tumour budding predicted worse overall survival. Only ulceration was independently associated with risk of nodal metastasis. CONCLUSION: High tumour budding, LVI and ulceration are independently associated with poor outcome in cSCC and may be used to refine cSCC prognostic stratification, which is crucial to optimize clinical decision and to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from more aggressive interventions or clinical trials.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Humanos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y CuelloAsunto(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Mycobacterium , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Medios de Cultivo , HumanosRESUMEN
Spitzoid neoplasms pose diagnostic difficulties because their morphology is not consistently predictive of their biological potential. Recent advances in the molecular characterization of these tumours provides a framework by which they can now begin to be categorized. In particular, spitzoid lesions with ALK rearrangement have been specifically associated with a characteristic plexiform growth pattern of intersecting fascicles of amelanotic spindled melanocytes. We report the case of an 87-year-old man with a 3-cm nodule on his mid-upper back comprised of an intradermal proliferation of fusiform amelanotic melanocytes arranged in intersecting fascicles with occasional peritumoral clefts. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated diffuse, strong expression of SOX10 and S100 by the tumour cells and diffuse, weak-to-moderate cytoplasmic positivity for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), suggestive of ALK rearrangement. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed no ALK rearrangements but instead revealed at least three intact ALK signals in 36% of the tumour cells, confirming ALK copy number gain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a plexiform spitzoid neoplasm exhibiting ALK copy number gain instead of ALK rearrangement. This case suggests that ALK copy number gain is a novel mechanism of ALK activation but with the same characteristic histopathological growth pattern seen among ALK-rearranged spitzoid neoplasms.
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Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Nevo de Células Epitelioides y Fusiformes/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Dorso , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Masculino , Nevo de Células Epitelioides y Fusiformes/patología , Piel/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (T-LGLL) is a clinically indolent mature T-cell neoplasm characterized by a monoclonal population of CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which usually presents as neutropenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a clonal haematopoietic disorder with features of both a myeloproliferative neoplasm and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with CMML exhibit a persistent peripheral blood monocytosis in addition to myelodysplastic features. Because of the rarity of T-LGLL, its cutaneous manifestations are poorly documented, but include vasculitis, vasculopathy, persistent ulcerations, generalized pruritus and disseminated granuloma annulare. Various types of skin lesions have been observed in patients with CMML and reportedly occur in approximately 10% of cases. We report the extraordinary case of a patient with MDS who developed T-LGLL, and subsequently the MDS progressed to CMML. The patient then developed diffuse arthropod bite-like papules and intractable pruritus.
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Leucemia Linfocítica Granular Grande/patología , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Crónica/patología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/patología , Prurito/patología , Anciano , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Atypical mycobacteria remain a rare cause of peritoneal dialysis catheter-related tunnel infection (TI) and poses serious risk because of the resistant nature to most antibiotic therapy. Non-tubercular mycobacterial infections lead to chronicity requiring peritoneal dialysis catheter removal. We report an 82-year-old male, with diabetic nephropathy who had a coinfection with Staphylococcus hominis and Mycobacterium abscessus who presented with pus discharge at exit site and TI. He was treated with relocation of the extraperitoneal part of the catheter with a new exit site without catheter removal and multidrug mycobacterial therapy.
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Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/diagnóstico , Coinfección/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium abscessus/aislamiento & purificación , Diálisis Peritoneal Ambulatoria Continua/efectos adversos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus hominis/aislamiento & purificación , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antituberculosos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/patología , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/terapia , Coinfección/patología , Coinfección/terapia , Nefropatías Diabéticas/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/complicaciones , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/patología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/terapia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/patología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
To understand the impact of efflux pump genes such as mmpL3 and mmpL7 on isoniazid (INH) resistance and to correlate with presence or absence of mutations in essential genes of INH resistance (katG, inhA, and nat) in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). One hundred (75 resistant and 25 sensitive) clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from India were selected for the study. The presence of mutations in specific regions of katG, inhA, and nat, efflux pump genes (mmpL3 and mmpL7) associated with INH resistance were analyzed using multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (MAS-PCR) and DNA sequencing methods, respectively. Substitution mutation AGC-ACC at codon 315 of the katG gene was detected in 65% of resistant isolates. Mutation (C-T at nucleotide position 15) in the inhA promoter region was seen in 22% of resistant isolates. Silent mutation (GGA to GGG) at codon 207 in the nat gene was found in three resistant isolates. No mutations were found in either of the efflux genes (mmpL3 and mmpL7) in any of the isolates. Of the 75 resistant isolates analyzed, 74% had mutation in katG and inhA genes. Thus, this report suggests that the role of mmpL3, mmpL7 and nat genes in INH resistance should not be overestimated in comparison to the primary contribution by katG and inhA in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. Further, this concise report is the first of its kind to our knowledge, to show the influence of efflux genes on INH resistance in relation to katG and inhA in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.
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Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Arilamina N-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Catalasa/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Mutación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Genotipo , Humanos , India , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidad , Fenotipo , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Melanoma remains one of the most aggressive forms of cutaneous malignancies. While its diagnosis based on histologic parameters is usually straight forward in most cases, distinguishing a melanoma from a melanocytic nevus can be challenging in some instances, especially when there are overlapping clinical and histopathologic features. Occasionally, melanomas can histologically mimic other tumors and even demonstration of melanocytic origin can be challenging. Thus, several ancillary tests may be employed to arrive at the correct diagnosis. The objective of this review is to summarize these tests, including the well-established and commonly used ones such as immunohistochemistry, with specific emphasis on emerging techniques such as comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization and imaging mass spectrometry.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Hibridación Genómica Comparativa , Dermatología/métodos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Espectrometría de Masas , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Nevo Pigmentado/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Diferenciación Celular , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Melanocitos/química , Melanocitos/patología , Melanoma/química , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/patología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análisis , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Nevo Pigmentado/química , Nevo Pigmentado/genética , Nevo Pigmentado/patología , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/química , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
There is a paucity of data on mineral bone disease in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients from India. This retrospective analysis was undertaken on 858 (males: 599; females: 259) patients from two medical centers on MHD from 1998 to 2010. Age, gender, months on dialysis, hours per session of dialysis, hemoglobin, serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), urine output, erythropoietin dosage per week, blood sugar, blood pressure, urea reduction rate, gain in fluid and fluid removed per session, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D level, supplemental vitamin D and use of phosphate binder for therapy were documented. Overall, 191 patients died (22%) during the observation period. There was an 86% patient survival rate at 1 year on dialysis and an overall predicted 3-year survival rate of 78%. A relatively higher iPTH (P = 0.012), a need for vitamin D supplementation (P = 0.003), less hours on dialysis per session (P = 0.046) and a non-vegetarian diet (P = 0.022) were significantly associated with mortality.
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A 68-year-old diabetic chronic kidney disease patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for two years developed Candida haemulonii peritonitis without any predisposing factors. There is no effective treatment for this fungus. A peritoneal biopsy showed morphological changes of acute inflammation and chronicity.
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Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candidiasis/microbiología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/terapia , Diálisis Peritoneal Ambulatoria Continua/efectos adversos , Peritonitis/microbiología , Anciano , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Maize is the third important major food crop. Breeding for low phytate maize genotypes is an effective strategy for decreasing the content of kernel phytic acid (a chelator of cations such as Ca(2+) and Fe(3+) ) and thereby increasing the bioavailability of nutritive minerals in human diet and animal feed. Previous studies have established that a mutant plant with a lpa2-2 allele accumulates less phytic acid in seeds. Therefore, the marker assisted backcross breeding (MABB), which involves introgression of lpa2-2 recessive allele (which confer low phytate trait) from a lpa2-2 mutant line into a well-adapted line using backcrosses and selection of lines possessing lpa2-2 allele in each backcross population using molecular markers, is an effective strategy for developing low phytate maize. So far, no studies have developed any lpa2-2 allele specific molecular markers for this purpose. Here, using backcross and selfed progenies, obtained by crossing low phytate mutant line 'EC 659418' (i.e. donor of lpa2-2 allele) into agronomically superior line 'UMI395', we have validated that a SSR marker 'umc2230', located 0.4 cM downstream of lpa2-2, cosegregate, in a Mendelian fashion, with low phytic acid trait. Therefore umc2230 can be dependably used in MABB for the development of low phytate maize.
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Marcadores Genéticos , Ácido Fítico/metabolismo , Selección Genética , Zea mays/genética , Alelos , Cruzamiento , Calcio/metabolismo , Humanos , Hierro/metabolismo , Proteínas de PlantasRESUMEN
Microinjection of foreign DNA in male pronucleus by in-vitro embryo manipulation is difficult but remains the method of choice for generating transgenic animals. Other procedures, including retroviral and embryonic stem cell mediated transgenesis are equally complicated and have limitations. Although our previously reported technique of testicular transgenesis circumvented several limitations, it involved many steps, including surgery and hemicastration, which carried risk of infection and impotency. We improved this technique further, into a two step non-surgical electroporation procedure, for making transgenic mice. In this approach, transgene was delivered inside both testes by injection and modified parameters of electroporation were used for in-vivo gene integration in germ cells. Using variety of constructs, germ cell integration of the gene and its transmission in progeny was confirmed by PCR, slot blot and immunohistochemical analysis. This improved technique is efficient, requires substantially less time and can be easily adopted by various biomedical researchers.
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Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Transgenes , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Electroporación/métodos , Expresión Génica , Genes Reporteros , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Testículo/metabolismoRESUMEN
An experimental setup was developed to study the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in rectangular copper microchannels with hydraulic diameter 29.4 microm using TiO2-Water nanofluids. The experimental facility is validated using existing correlations and subsequently tested with 0.1% and 0.3% concentrations of TiO2 nanofluids. The thermal resistance of heat sink with nanofluids is compared with the base fluid. It is inferred that 0.3% TiO2-Water nanofluids have 18% lower thermal resistance as compared to base fluid having for the same operating conditions.
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BACKGROUND: Testicular failure has an effect on normal physiology. To address this issue, an experimental non-human primate model of long-term castrated rhesus monkey was chosen for this study to evaluate the influence of castration on various biochemical parameters. METHODS: Nine castrated rhesus monkeys were evaluated for changes in body weight, serum testosterone, and serum biochemical parameters as compared to those in non-castrated macaques. RESULTS: Castration caused statistically significant changes in body weight, biochemical analytes, and testosterone levels. Body weight and testosterone levels were decreased, and there were increase in alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, serum bilirubin, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, urea and a decrease in serum protein, uric acid, creatinine, and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided essential baseline information on biochemical variables due to the effect of castration associated with declining levels of testosterone, as data are not readily accessible from the existing body of scientific literature on non-human primates.
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Peso Corporal , Macaca mulatta/sangre , Orquiectomía , Testosterona/sangre , Animales , Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Macaca mulatta/fisiología , Macaca mulatta/cirugía , Masculino , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Antioxidants are widely used for prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress and ischemic disorder. We investigated the hypothesis of antioxidants (α-tocopherol and ß-carotene) can suppress the renal disorder in apo E-/-mice. Renal damage induced by chronic infusion of Angiotensin II (Ang II) into 4 month old male apo E-/-mice. After that the mice were treated with diet enriched α tocopherol and ß carotene (800 mg/kg) for 150 days. Ang II treated kidney showed polycystic appearance with accumulation of clear fluid and constriction of renal artery and renal vein was noticed. Vacuolar/cystic degeneration as well as inflammatory reactions was noticed in the tubules/glomerulus of Ang II treated mice. ß carotene treated mice showed enormous numbers of regenerated tubules in the kidney and over expression of ICAM proteins in the regenerated tubules. CD 45.2, MAC 3 proteins were over expressed in the inflammatory cells infiltrated into the tubular region of Ang II treated kidney. Gene expression studies revealed up regulation of Renin 1 (Ren 1) and PPARγ genes in the kidney of Ang II treated animals, but the ß carotene treatment controlled the expression of these genes in the regenerated kidneys. ß carotene may have protective effective on chronic renal disorder. It may repress the inflammatory genes (Ren 1, PPARγ) to achieve the protective effect on Ang II induced renal damage.
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Angiotensina II/efectos adversos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/metabolismo , Renina/metabolismo , beta Caroteno/farmacología , Angiotensina II/genética , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Animales , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Femenino , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/genética , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Glomérulos Renales/lesiones , Glomérulos Renales/metabolismo , Glomérulos Renales/patología , Túbulos Renales Proximales/lesiones , Túbulos Renales Proximales/metabolismo , Túbulos Renales Proximales/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , PPAR gamma/genética , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/genética , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/patología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/inducido químicamente , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/genética , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Renina/genéticaRESUMEN
Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body temperature that is observed during fever. The use of hyperthermia as an adjuvant has emerged as a promising procedure for tumor regression in the field of cancer biology. For this purpose, the most important requirement is to have reliable and uniform heating protocols. We have developed a protocol for hyperthermia (whole body) in mice. In this protocol, animals are exposed to cycles of hyperthermia for 90 min followed by a rest period of 15 min. During this period mice have easy access to food and water. High body temperature spikes in the mice during first few hyperthermia exposure cycles are prevented by immobilizing the animal. Additionally, normal saline is administered in first few cycles to minimize the effects of dehydration. This protocol can simulate fever like conditions in mice up to 12-24 hr. We have used 8-12 weeks old BALB/Cj female mice to demonstrate the protocol.
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Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We developed and characterized an estrogen-responsive and ER-positive murine breast cancer cell line (MAC51) from a spontaneous breast cancer animal model. These cells are overexpressed with K8, K18 and K19 proteins in an immunofluoresence assay. Upregulation of ER alpha was observed in the immunofluoresence assay, real-time PCR analysis and western blot assay. A colocalization experiment in MAC 51 showed cytoplasmic colocalization of K18 and K19 proteins with ER α. Real-time analysis of tumor samples from engrafted animals, MAC 51, metastatic liver and metastatic ovary revealed overexpression of K8 and K18 compared to the respective controls. A hormone responsive experiment in immunodeficient mice showed highly significant decreases in estrogen and tumor volume after 14 days ovariectomization. The tumorogenicity assay showed higher (3 × 10 (5)) and lower (3 × 10(4)) concentrations of MAC 51 cells that developed tumors within 2 weeks post-transplantation. Tumor morphology and histology resembled a sarcoma pattern but our spontaneous model appeared in an adenocarcinoma pattern. Metastasis to different organs occurred through hematogenous and lymphatic routes. We assessed the potency of the anticancer effect in MAC 51 cells by treating various anticancer drugs with E2, followed by studying apoptotic gene expression profiles. E2 and E2+ tamoxifen-treated cells showed upregulation of apoptotic genes caspase 1, 3, 9, P53 and Bcl-xl but the tamoxifen- and paclitaxel-treated cells did not upregulate the apoptotic genes. Tamoxifen-resistant, ER-positive and high metastatic potential cell lines from murine origin are very rare. Also, estrogen greatly induced apoptosis in this cell line, hence MAC 51 has a greater application potential to evaluate low doses of estrogen with other targeted therapeutic drugs to treat breast cancer.