Impact of Resistance and Endurance Training on Ghrelin and Plasma Leptin Levels in Overweight and Obese Subjects.

Exercise training is a valuable tool for improving body weight and composition in overweight or obese adults, which leads to a negative energy balance. It is relevant to consider whether exercise can help people lose weight or prevent weight gain because any energy expended in exercise increases the severity of hunger and promotes food consumption. Over the past decade, the identification of the circulating peptide ghrelin, which alerts the brain to the body's nutritional state, has significantly expanded our understanding of this homeostatic mechanism that controls appetite and body weight. To shed more light on this issue, we decided to investigate the effects of resistance and endurance training on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels. In addition, we sought to understand the mechanisms by which acute and chronic exercise can regulate hunger. This review analyzes studies published in the last fifteen years that focused on changes suffered by ghrelin, leptin, or both after physical exercise in overweight or obese individuals. Most studies have shown a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in ghrelin levels in these cases. Exercise regimens that support weight maintenance need further investigation.

The Link between Magnesium Supplements and Statin Medication in Dyslipidemic Patients.

Many investigations have discovered a connection between statins and magnesium supplements. On one hand, increasing research suggests that chronic hypomagnesemia may be an important factor in the etiology of some metabolic illnesses, including obesity and overweight, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, alterations in lipid metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Chronic metabolic problems seem to be prevented by a high Mg intake combined with diet and/or supplements. On the other hand, it is known that statins lower the frequency of cardiac events, stroke, and mortality, not by lowering LDL-C, but by the capacity to reduce mevalonate formation. That will enhance endothelial function, inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and encourage macrophages to promote plaque stability and regression while reducing inflammation. Taking these factors into consideration, we did an extensive analysis of the relevant literature, comparing the effects of Mg2 and statin medications on lipoproteins and, implicitly, on the key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.

The Pathological Links between Adiposity and the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

An association between obesity and carpal tunnel syndrome is found in many epidemiological studies. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the physiopathological links that could explain the association between these two entities. Ectopic adipose tissue is responsible for metabolic syndrome and inflammation, and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Taking these elements into consideration, we conducted an extensive literature revision of the subject, considering as ectopic fat-related mechanisms the following: (a) the direct compression and the association with the metabolic syndrome of the fat deposition around the wrist, (b) the insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammatory, and oxidative mechanisms related to the central deposition of the fat, (c) the impaired muscle contraction and metabolism related to myosteatosis. Each section presents the cellular pathways which are modified by the ectopic deposition of the adipose tissue and the impact in the pathogeny of the carpal tunnel syndrome. In conclusion, the experimental and clinical data support the epidemiological findings. Efforts to reduce the obesity epidemics will improve not only cardio-metabolic health but will reduce the burden of the disability-free life expectancy due to the carpal tunnel syndrome.

Correlation between Pregnancy Related Weight Gain, Postpartum Weight loss and Obesity: a Prospective Study.

Weight gain during pregnancy can be a real risk factor for long-term obesity which has implications in all areas of medicine. This study is designed to assess pregnancy-related weight gain and postpartum weight loss, to identify a possible correlation between weight gain during pregnancy and the risk of obesity in the late postpartum period. The batch comprised 306 women, hospitalized in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Section of the "Nicolae Malaxa" Clinical Hospital between June - November 2017. During this study, we assessed the weight status using the Weight, Body Mass Index, Height, and Abdominal Circumference. These parameters were clinically assessed in three periods pre-pregnancy, early postpartum period, late postpartum period. We also collected data on the evolution of the pregnancy using the anamnesis and the personal pregnancy monitoring sheet. Pregnancy and postpartum period represent a key moment in women's lives in which the risk of obesity is real. Understanding women experiences with weight changes during pregnancy and postpartum period can improve the management of losing weight following pregnancy, avoid long-term weight gain and so reduce the risk for obesity. Also, the correct management of obesity should include the assessment of somatic disorders that may cause major dysfunction, requiring complex rehabilitation programs.