Pierre Robin Sequence and Respiratory Distress: Long-Term Evolution in Patients Submitted to the Conservative Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate, and airway distress. The aims of initial treatment are the improvement of airway and feeding. There are many therapeutic options, including conservative techniques (prone positioning and nasopharyngeal tube) and invasive procedures (mandibular distraction and tracheostomy). In our center, initially conservative treatment is the rule and many patients have been treated with nasopharyngeal tube. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze of the clinical evolution of respiratory distress in infants with PRS submitted to nonsurgical treatment. METHODS: A retrospective and observational descriptive evaluation was carried out with 56 patients with the PRS at Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Labiopalatal (CAIF). 21 patients were selected to a transversal phase. RESULTS: The treatment has started in an average age of 1.5 months (±2.09) and 17 (94.4%) had respiratory distress at birth. Polysomnographic exams showed an average apnea/hypopnea index of 0.93, an average number of central apnea/hour of 0.3, an average number of obstructive apnea of 0.6 and an average oxygen saturation of 92%. There was the predominance of esthetic profile in class II with 16 (88.9%) patients in this group, and orthodontic profile in class II with 15 (83.3%) patients. CONCLUSION: The conservative treatment has presented remarkable results in the treatment of respiratory distress in bearers of PRS with a decrease of obstructive sleep events considering the growth of patient and the development of mandibular growth as well.

Simultaneous Augmentation Mastopexy: An Innovative Anatomical Approach-The Fascioglandular Flap for Improved Lower Pole Support.

Simultaneous breast augmentation and mastopexy is very challenging often considered to be one of the most difficult cosmetic breast surgeries. Although a patient is sometimes better served with 2 separately staged procedures, the demand for single-stage combined augmentation mastopexy is increasing associated with increasing demands for larger implants. Combining these 2 operations presents special problems because of the interplay of opposing forces. To avoid bottoming out, wound dehiscence, and ultimately implant extrusion, it is essential to provide proper coverage and support of the inferior breast pole. The goal of this report is to illustrate the benefit of an inferiorly based fascioglandular flap in providing adequate breast lower pole support in simultaneous breast augmentation mastopexy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Is There a Breast Augmentation Outcome Difference Between Subfascial and Subglandular Implant Placement? A Prospective Randomized Double-Blinded Study.

INTRODUCTION: Subfascial breast augmentation is gaining popularity because of no distortion when the pectoral muscle is contracted and minimizing visualization of the edges of the implant. Although some studies have reported a satisfactory outcome with subfascial technique, it still is controversial the influence of the pectoral fascia and outcome compared to the subglandular technique. Therefore, this prospective randomized study aimed to investigate whether there are clinical/radiological differences between subfascial and subglandular pockets following primary breast augmentation. METHODS: Twenty patient candidates for primary breast augmentation were recruited. Each patient was selected for subfascial or subglandular pockets in a randomized fashion. Both patient and surgeon were blinded. Clinical and radiological differences were evaluated through five independent surgeons and MRI (capsule, folds, fluids, base and projection). Median follow-up was 12 months. RESULTS: Breast consistency (p = 0.24), implant pocket (p = 0.52), symmetry (p = 1), contour, and shape (p = 0.09) demonstrated no statistically significant difference after the surgeons' assessments at 3 and 12 months after surgery. MRIs demonstrated a larger implant base in the subfascial group (p = 0.024). No differences were observed in capsule thickness (p = 0.42), folds (p = 0.51), fluids (p = 0.28), or projection (0.20). CONCLUSION: The choice between subfascial and subglandular planes shows no clinical differences and can be selected according to individual professional experience, not evidencing any advantages of one over the other. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Dermal-Fat Graft for Facial Contouring in Patients With Craniofacial Microsomia.

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a variable craniofacial malformation, related to the development of the structures originated from the first and second brachial arches, affecting skeletal tissue, soft tissue, and neuromuscular components. In the situation of subcutaneous tissue and chewing muscles hypoplasia, free tissue transfer is a treatment option. Dermal-fat graft allows easy modeling during surgery, volumetric gain and improvement of asymmetry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the facial contour and the percentage of symmetry after the use of dermal-fat graft in patients with CFM, who had already submitted to osteotomies, attended at the Associate Center for Cleft Lip and Palate (CAIF) during 2001 to 2018. For analysis, the authors selected 17 patients who fulfilled the above prerequisites. The symmetry study was done by the analysis of preoperative and postoperative photographs in the Image J software. Two standard points were used: nasal base and upper lip limit. On the nasal base, the preoperative analysis showed a hypoplastic side with a median of 93.00% of the normal side size, rising to 97.78% in the postoperative period. On the upper lip limit, the preoperative analysis showed a median of 87.80% and, in the postoperative period, 98.15%. Analysis of the interaction between the operative moments and the modified Pruzansky classification showed that there were no significant differences between grades. Long-term evaluation demonstrated that the use of a dermal-fat graft for correction of facial symmetry was effective and close to 100%, regardless of the degree of hypoplasia of the patient.

Assessment of Labionasal Structures in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip.

INTRODUCTION: Unilateral cleft lip (UCL) patients have lip and nose deformities that must be addressed during lip repair. Currently, devices to achieve lip and nose improvements have been developed. The most researched presurgical molding device is the nasoalveolar molding (NAM), which has shown favorable results. However, clinical observation shows that unilateral cleft patients, even without molding devices, achieve spontaneous improvements. The aim of this study is to compare morphological and symmetry changes in nose and lip, between patients less than 30-day old and those submitted to cheiloplasty, at 6 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 27 UCL patients with 2 photographs were selected. The pictures were taken from frontal view and nasal base view at 2 distinct moments: before 30 days of life (t1) and at 6 months of age, during cheiloplasty surgery (T2). Images were analyzed with indirect measurement to assess lip and nose dimensions and nasal symmetry. ImageJ software was used to perform the analyses. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients (P < 0.05) had an average cleft width reduction of 15% [standard deviation (SD) ± 11%]. A 55% average increase (SD ± 29%) was observed in nostril height of cleft side in 16 of patients (P < 0.05). There was an reduction in facial asymmetry of nostril width (P < 0.05), from 95% (SD ± 90%) (t1) to 59% (SD ± 50) (T2). Also, nasal base width asymmetry (P < 0.05) was decreased from 64% (SD ± 66%) (t1) to 40% (SD ± 29%) (T2). CONCLUSION: Facial growth causes a natural improvement on cleft morphological changes and nasal symmetry.

Profilaxia da síndrome de embolia gordurosa: uma análise atual / Prophylaxis of fat embolism syndrome: a current analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: Analisar dados da internet relacionados a mortes por embolia gordurosa, inicio da doença, e outras informações podem determinar a realidade atual no Brasil relacionada à incidência da síndrome de embolia gordurosa e qualquer repercussão na mídia, e também revisar as metodologias de prevenção e quais são os melhores métodos disponíveis para tratar a doença. MÉTODOS: Uma pesquisa no google foi conduzida de Janeiro de 2000 a Janeiro de 2014 utilizando os descritores "cirurgia plástica" e "morte". Foram incluídos e revisados artigos contendo as palavras "embolia", "embolia gordurosa" e "complicações em (ou de) cirurgia plástica". RESULTADOS: Incluiu-se 235 matérias novas relevantes ao longo dos 14 anos. Houve 45 casos de óbito relacionados com cirurgia plástica que ofereceu poucos dados para individualização. Desses pacientes, 44 eram mulheres. As causas possíveis mencionadas foram embolia pulmonar (cinco casos), perfuração das vísceras (cinco casos), hipertermia maligna (três casos), anestesia (dois casos), choque anafilático (dois casos), embolia gordurosa (um caso confirmado), e "outros" (cinco casos). CONCLUSÃO: Diretrizes de prevenção para embolia gordurosa em cirurgia plástica são requeridas, porém, há também necessidade de mais estudos baseados em evidência para entender mais claramente quais são os melhores métodos.

INTRODUCTION: To analyze data from the internet on deaths from fat embolism, time of onset, and other information that could determine current reality in Brazil regarding fat embolism syndrome incidence and any ,media repercussions, and also to review methods of prevention and what are the best methods available to treat this disease. METHODS: A Google search was conducted from January 2000 to January 2014 using the keywords "plastic surgery" and "death." We included and reviewed articles containing the words "embolism", "fat embolism" and "complications in (or of) plastic surgery". RESULTS: We included 235 relevant news stories over the 14 included years. There were 45 cases of death related with plastic surgery that offered few data for individualization. Of these patients, 44 were women. Possible causes mentioned were pulmonary embolism (five cases), perforation of viscera (four cases), malignant hyperthermia (three cases), anesthesia (two cases), anaphylactic shock (two cases), fat embolism (one confirmed case), and "other" (five cases). CONCLUSION: Guidelines to prevent fat embolism in plastic surgery are needed, however, there is also the need of more evidence based studies to understand more clearly what methods are best.

Síndrome de Fournier: Reconstrução de bolsa testicular com retalho fasciocutâneo de região interna de coxa / Fournier gangrene: Reconstruction of the scrotal sac with a fasciocutaneous flap from the internal thigh region

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Fournier é uma infecção multibacteriana de rápida progressão em região perineal. Seu tratamento inclui desbridamento, antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro e terapia com oxigênio em câmara hiperbárica. O desbridamento agressivo tipicamente resulta em perda da cobertura cutânea de toda bolsa escrotal, expondo ambos os testículos. No tratamento, é necessária a utilização de retalhos bem vascularizados para o reestabelecimento das funções. MÉTODO: Apresentamos a aplicação de um retalho fasciocutâneo, aproveitando a rica rede arterial da região interna da coxa para a reconstrução perineal, proposto por Ferreira et al., o qual permite o tratamento de amplos defeitos. CONCLUSÃO: O retalho descrito para reconstrução perineal é bastante versátil. Suas vantagens incluem a possibilidade de ser utilizado em diversas situações clínicas, baixo acometimento de gangrena na região doadora, reconstrução em único estágio e a espessura do retalho adequada para reconstrução desta região.

INTRODUCTION: Fournier gangrene is a rapidly progressing multi-bacterial infection in the perineal region. The treatment of this condition includes debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and oxygen therapy in a hyperbaric chamber. Aggressive debridement typically results in the loss of skin coverage of the entire scrotal sac, and the exposure of both testes. During treatment, it is essential to use well-vascularized flaps to ensure the recovery of function. METHOD: We describe the application of a fasciocutaneous flap-which takes advantage of the rich arterial network of the internal region of the thigh-in the perineal reconstruction method proposed by Ferreira et al. that allows for the treatment of large defects. CONCLUSION: The flap is quite versatile. Its advantages include its utility in various clinical situations, low risk of gangrene in the donor area, single-stage reconstruction, and adequate flap thickness for reconstruction.

[Is professional recognition in plastic surgery related to activity in research]. / O reconhecimento profissional na cirurgia plástica está correlacionado com atividade em pesquisa.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation of medical research, with the participation of prominent plastic surgeon in Congress. METHODS: We reviewed the scientific programs of the last 3 Brazilian Congress of Surgery, were selected 21 Brazilian plástic surgeons invited to serve as panelists or speakers in roundtable sessions in the last 3 congresses (Group 1). We randomly selected and paired by other members (associates) of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery, with no participation in congress as speaker (Group 2). We conducted a search for articles published in journals indexed in Medline, Lilacs and SciELO for all doctors selected during the entire academic career and the last 5 years from March 2007 until March 2012. We assessed the research activity through the simple counting of the number of publications in indexed journals for each professional. The number of publications groups was compared. RESULTS: articles produced throughout career: Group 1- 639 articles (average of 30.42 items each). Group 2- 79 articles (mean 3.95 articles each). Difference between medias: p <0.001. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery seeking professionals with a greater number of publications and journals of higher impact. This approach encourages new members to pursue a higher qualification, and give security to congressmen, they can rely on the existence of a technical criterion in the choice of speakers.

Is professional recognition in plastic surgery related to activity in research / O reconhecimento profissional na cirurgia plástica está correlacionado com atividade em pesquisa

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation of medical research, with the participation of prominent plastic surgeon in Congress. METHODS: We reviewed the scientific programs of the last 3 Brazilian Congress of Surgery, were selected 21 Brazilian plástic surgeons invited to serve as panelists or speakers in roundtable sessions in the last 3 congresses (Group 1). We randomly selected and paired by other members (associates) of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery, with no participation in congress as speaker (Group 2). We conducted a search for articles published in journals indexed in Medline, Lilacs and SciELO for all doctors selected during the entire academic career and the last 5 years from March 2007 until March 2012. We assessed the research activity through the simple counting of the number of publications in indexed journals for each professional. The number of publications groups was compared. RESULTS: articles produced throughout career: Group 1- 639 articles (average of 30.42 items each). Group 2- 79 articles (mean 3.95 articles each). Difference between medias: p <0.001. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery seeking professionals with a greater number of publications and journals of higher impact. This approach encourages new members to pursue a higher qualification, and give security to congressmen, they can rely on the existence of a technical criterion in the choice of speakers. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar a relação da atividade médica em pesquisa com a participação de destaque, em congressos, do cirurgião plástico. MÉTODOS: analisamos os programas científicos dos três últimos congressos brasileiros de Cirurgia Plástica. Foram selecionados 21 palestrantes brasileiros convidados como conferencistas ou palestrantes nas sessões de mesa redonda (Grupo 1). Selecionamos aleatoriamente e por pareamento, outros membros (associados ou titulares) da sociedade, mas não palestrantes (Grupo 2). Foi realizada busca de artigos publicados em revistas indexadas ao Medline, Lilacs e SciELO por todos os médicos selecionados, durante toda a carreira acadêmica e de março de 2007 até março de 2012. Avaliamos a atividade em pesquisa através da contagem simples do número de publicações nas revistas indexadas para cada profissional. O número de publicações dos grupos foi comparado. RESULTADOS: artigos produzidos durante toda carreira: Grupo 1 - 639 trabalhos (média de 30,42); Grupo 2 - 79 trabalhos (média de 3,95). Diferença entre as médias: p<0,001. . CONCLUSÃO: os resultados demonstram que a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica colocou os especialistas com maior numero de publicações e, em revistas de maior impacto como palestrantes em seus congressos. Essa conduta estimula os novos membros a buscar uma maior qualificação e dá segurança aos congressistas, que podem confiar na existência de um critério técnico na escolha dos palestrantes. .

Fraturas nasoetmoideorbitais: experiências de 37 anos do serviço de cirurgia craniofacial do hospital de Cajuru e hospital do trabalhador / Naso-orbitoethmoid fractures: 37-year experience of the craniofacial surgery service of the hospital de Cajuru and hospital do trabalhador

Fractures of the naso-orbitoethmoid complex (NOE) remain one of the most challenging tasks in facial reconstruction and account for 2.1% of facial trauma cases. Clinical analyses of NOE fractures showed that they usually affect the telecanthus and cause deformities that would then require retropositioning of the nasal pyramid. Therefore, computed tomographyis an essential technique for further assessment and to identify bone dislocations and fistulas. Treatment involves reconstruction of the intercanthal distance, nasal projection, and internal orbital structures.

A fratura do complexo nasoetmoideorbital (NEO) permanece como uma das tarefas mais desafiadoras no trauma facial. Corresponde a 2,1% dos casos de trauma de face. Achados clínicos clássicos das fraturas NEOs são telecanto e deformidade com retroposicionamento da pirâmide nasal. O estudo com tomografia computadorizada é imprescindível para determinar detalhes e procurar localizar deslocamentos ósseos e fístulas. O tratamento é direcionado à reconstrução da relação intercantal, da projeção nasal e das estruturas internas da órbita.

Síndrome de Romberg: uma série de casos / Romberg´s syndrome: a series of cases

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Romberg é uma moléstia descrita há mais de um século e, nesse período, recebeu várias denominações. É caracterizada por lenta e progressiva atrofia dos tecidos de uma hemiface, podendo acometer todos os tecidos e apresentar, também, manifestações neurológicas e oculares. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar série de casos de pacientes com atrofia hemifacial progressiva, abordando as opções terapêuticas individualizadas para cada caso. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e analítico de pacientes atendidos nos ambulatórios de Cirurgia Plástica no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná e no Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio Palatal (CAIF), em Curitiba, PR, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 13 pacientes, sendo 10 (76,9%) do sexo feminino e 3 (23,1%) do sexo masculino. A idade de início dos sintomas variou de 2 anos a 15 anos. A primeira consulta ocorreu, em média, aos 11,7 anos. A hemiface mais frequentemente afetada foi a esquerda. Sete (53,8%) pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: A síndrome de Romberg é uma entidade rara, devastadora na aparência facial, que tem sido muito estudada. Apesar dos grandes avanços da medicina, a definição de sua etiologia e um tratamento direcionado a sua causa ainda são apenas um desejo.

BACKGROUND: The Romberg's syndrome is a disease that was first described more than a century ago, and during this period had several names. It is characterized by a slow and progressive atrophy of the tissues of a hemiface, can affect all tissues and can also display neurological and ocular manifestations. The aim of this study is to report a series of patients with progressive hemifacial atrophy, addressing treatment options for each individual case. METHODS: Was conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytic study of the patients treated in our service, Plastic Surgery at the Hospital de Clinicas - Universidade Federal do Paraná, and the Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio Palatal (CAIF), at Curitiba, PR, Brazil. RESULTS: Were analyzed 13 patients, 10 (76.9%) female and 3 (23.1%) male. The age of onset of symptoms ranged from 2 to 15 years. The first medical consultation with an specialist occurred at 11.7 years. The left hemiface was most commonly affected. Seven (53.8%) patients underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The Romberg's syndrome is a rare disorder, devastating to facial appearance, and it has been widely studied. Despite great advances in medicine, its etiology definition and the treatment directed to its cause is still only a wish.

Incisão periareolar em zigue-zague modificada: técnica alternativa para mastoplastia de aumento / Modified zigzag periareolar incision: alternative technique for augmentation mammaplasty

Mastoplastia de aumento é uma das cirurgias mais realizadas em todo o mundo. Variáveis como tamanho e localização do implante, bem como o tipo de incisão, influenciam o resultado final. A abordagem periareolar é bem conhecida e difundida, porém sua cicatriz pode, muitas vezes, ser motivo de insatisfação da paciente. Uma modificação da técnica periareolar é apresentada, com incisão em zigue-zague, para mamoplastias de aumento, permitindo a obtenção de cicatrizes imperceptíveis. A técnica descrita é uma excelente alternativa para mastoplastia de aumento, proporcionando resultado estético satisfatório, com cicatriz camuflada na transição da pele periareolar com o complexo areolopapilar, que é naturalmente irregular.

Augmentation mammaplasty is one of the most common surgeries worldwide. Variables such as implant size and location as well as incision type influence the final result. The periareolar approach is well known and disseminated; however, the resulting scar is a common reason for patient dissatisfaction. We present a modified periareolar technique using a zigzag incision that results in invisible scars after augmentation mammaplasty. The technique described here is an excellent alternative for augmentation mammaplasty and has an esthetic satisfactory result with imperceptible scars in the periareolar skin of the nipple-areola complex, which is naturally irregular.

Acute abdomen after abdominoplasty: differential diagnosis.

UNLABELLED: Abdominoplasty is a very common elective procedure in plastic surgery. Surgical accidents can lead to serious complications that result in an acute surgical abdomen, but in rare cases, an acute surgical abdomen not related to the procedure develops. This report discusses the diagnostic approach for patients with an acute abdomen after abdominoplasty and presents a case of appendicitis in the immediate postoperative period. The importance of postoperative follow-up evaluation by the same surgeon who performed the procedure is discussed as well as the need for adequate general surgery training to obtain the correct diagnosis and perform the urgent operation required to avoid a detrimental outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Tissue expansion at Hospital de Clinicas-UFPR: our experience / Expansão tecidual no Hospital de Clínicas-UFPR: nossa experiência

BACKGROUND: The shortage of tissue for large defect reconstruction is a challenge for the plastic surgeon. Tissue expansion emerged in this context, and in the last 30 years has become one of the most widely used modalities in reconstructive surgery. Tissue expansion is a very versatile technique that can be performed in patients of all ages for the correction of different pathologies. The most common indications are burn sequelae and giant congenital nevus. The present study describes the indications and use of tissue expanders at the Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Federal do Paraná. METHODS: Patients who underwent tissue expansion for reconstructive surgery between January 2005 and December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients (70.8 percent female and 29.2 percent male) were analyzed. Ages ranged from 3 to 46 years old (average, 17.1 years). The most common indication for tissue expansion was the treatment of burn sequelae (62.5 percent), mainly in the head and neck. Alopecia was the second most prevalent indication (29.2 percent), followed by scar retraction in the neck (20.8 percent). Other indications were giant congenital melanocytic nevus (16.7 percent), Poland's syndrome (8.3 percent), abdominal scar (8.3 percent), and amastia (4.2 percent). Complications developed in 11 patients, and the highest incidence of complications, reported in 8 (72.7 percent) patients, was among those with burn sequelae as the primary pathology. The complications were infection, rupture, extrusion, wound dehiscence, and displacement of the expander. CONCLUSIONS: Tissue expansion is indicated for the treatment of several diseases among which burn sequelae is one of the most common indications.

INTRODUÇÃO: A escassez de tecidos para reconstrução de grandes defeitos é um desafio ao cirurgião plástico. Nesse contexto, surgiu a expansão tecidual, que, nos últimos 30 anos, se tornou uma das modalidades mais utilizadas na cirurgia reparadora. A expansão é uma técnica muito versátil, que pode ser realizada em todas as idades e para correção de diferentes afecções. As principais indicações são sequelas de queimadura e nevo congênito gigante. Este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar as indicações na utilização dos expansores tissulares e sua evolução em pacientes do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, incluindo pacientes submetidos a expansão tecidual para cirurgia reconstrutora, no período de janeiro 2005 a dezembro 2009. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 24 pacientes, sendo 70,8 por cento do sexo feminino e 29,2 por cento do sexo masculino. A idade variou entre 3 anos e 46 anos (média de 17,1 anos). A principal indicação de expansão tecidual foi o tratamento de sequelas de queimaduras (62,5 por cento), principalmente na região da cabeça e do pescoço. Alopecia foi a indicação mais prevalente (29,2 por cento), seguida por retração cicatricial em região cervical (20,8 por cento). Outras indicações foram nevo melanocítico congênito gigante (16,7 por cento), síndrome de Poland (8,3 por cento), cicatriz abdominal (8,3 por cento) e amastia (4,2 por cento). Entre os pacientes avaliados, 11 evoluíram com alguma complicação, 8 (72,7 por cento) dos quais tinham como doença primária sequela de queimaduras, demonstrando maior incidência de complicações em relação às outras indicações. As complicações encontradas foram: infecção, ruptura, extrusão, deiscência de sutura e deslocamento do expansor. CONCLUSÕES: A expansão tissular é indicada no tratamento de múltiplas doenças e uma das principais indicações continua sendo o tratamento de sequelas de queimaduras.