[Age-dependent changes in phospholipid content and neutral lipid contents in aging].

Oxidative processes and lipid metabolism in young (3-4 months) and old (25-28 months) were studied. The increase of the rate of reactions of free radical oxidation of lipids (hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde) and the accumulation of products of oxidative modification of proteins was recorded in mitochondrial fraction of rat brain. The accumulation of nitric oxide in the mitochondria and the oxidation products leads to the development of oxidative stress. Investigation of the lipid spectrum in old rat brains showed that aging was accompanied by a change in the qualitative and quantitative content of phospholipids. A change in the metabolism of neutral glycolipids leads to a decrease in the content of cerebrosides and sulfoserobrosides. At the same time an increase in sphingosine (a product of hidrolytic decomposition of neutral glycolipids) was observed. The key role of lipid metabolism in age pathologies was noticed.

[Effect of cysteine lithium salt on lipid peroxidation in the model of dopaminergic system disorder].

The antioxidant activity of a newly synthesized compound, cysteine lithium salt, was discovered using methyl oleate oxidation model of dopaminergic system disorder. Experimental data show that injection of the synthesized compound in animals with experimentally induced L-DOPA brings to normalization effect conditioned by inhibiting free radical reactions in the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions of brain cells. Antioxidant effect of the synthesized compound is related to its chemical structure that contains cysteine--an agent involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione, which is a component of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes participating in the antiradical protection system.

[Neutral and acid glycolipids in the brain in the presence of ischemia and during antioxidant treatment].

The content of lipid peroxidation products and the metabolism of gangliosides and galactosylceramides in brain tissue were studied in the presence of ischemia and when an agent containing nicotinic acid and cysteine is administered. The above agent was found to have an antioxidative effect that was evident in the lower levels of lipid peroxides and in the normalized qualitative and quantitative content of galactosylceramides and gangliosides.

[Change in indicators of peroxide resistance in erythrocytes and lipid metabolism indicators in blood plasma during development of ischemic insult]. / Izmenenie pokazatelei peroksidnoi rezistentnosti éritrotsitov i pokazatelei lipidnogo obmena plazmy krovi pri razvitii ishemicheskogo insul'ta.

The authors have displayed that ischemic insults are accompanied by the significant intensification of free radical peroxidation processes both in erytrocyte membranes and in blood plasma. The changes mentioned are characterized by the simultaneous decrease of erytrocites resistance to peroxide hemolysis, as well as by the parallel lowering of alpha-tocopherol concentration in blood plasma.

[Level of blood metalloproteins during fluothane anesthesia in experimental animals]. / Uroven' metalloproteinov krovi pri anestezii ftorotanom v éksperimente.

Changes in the concentrations of antioxidant (Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase catalase, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin) and recently discovered pro-oxidant (cytochrome B-558 I-IV and suprol, a superoxide producing lipoprotein) metalloproteins and cytochrome B-5 were assessed in the blood of anesthesized and control rats. The concentrations of antioxidant and pro-oxidant metalloproteins varied. They were not changed during anesthesia, except suprol. As for the qualitative changes, phospholipid composition was altered, superoxide production decreased, and lipid peroxidation of suprol increased during anesthesia. The authors propose using antioxidant metalloproteins for decrease of the undesirable consequences of halothane anesthesia in experimental medicine.

[Effect of ucrinol on lipid metabolism in liver tissue]. / Vliianie ukrinola na lipidnyi metabolizm v tkani pecheni.

Alterations in content of phospholipids as well as dynamics of lipid free-radical oxidation were studied in the hepatocytes of the rats poisoned with various doses of the toxic agent ucrinol within 1.3 and 6 months. Low concentrations of the toxin (1.5 mg/kg) did not cause any detectable alterations of the patterns studied. However, higher concentrations of ucrinol (15-150 mg/kg) produced markedly pronounced destructions which were dose- and time-dependent.

[The role of phospholipids and their fatty acids in the structural organization of membranes of plasmid-containing and plasmid-less Salmonella derby cells]. / Rol' fosfolipidov i ikh zhirnykh kislot v strukturnoi organizatsii membran plazmidosoderzhashchikh i besplazmidnykh kletok Salmonella derby.

The effect of R-plasmid on the qualitative and quantitative compositions of phospholipids and their fatty acids in bacterial (S. derby) cells has been studied. It has been found that the lack of R-plasmid in bacterial cells leads to a sharp decrease in the phospholipid content, in the phosphatidylcholine content in particular, and causes an increase in the per cent content of lysophosphatidylcholines. The per cent content of saturated and nonsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids in plasmid-free cells does not change appreciably. In the plasmid-free strain of S. derby the intensity of lipid peroxidation is associated with a relatively high content of alpha-tocopherol.

[Qualitative and quantitative changes in phospholipid spectra of the brain of rats with corazol-induced epilepsy]. / Kachestvennye i kolichestvennye izmeneniia spektra fosfolipidov golovnogo mozga krys pri korazonovykh sudorogakh.

The enhancement of the sum of phospholipids in seizure period was observed during initially generalized corazol seizure in white rats' cerebral cortex. This sum fell in an hour after epileptic fit. It is noted that the maintenance of lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylserines enhanced during the fit, and the maintenance of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines fell either in cerebral cortex, or in cerebellum. At the same time the enhancement of the mixed fraction of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositide level and cardiolipins-1 in the cerebral cortex was observed. The maintenance of the latter in cerebellum fell during an hour after the attack. The quantity of cardiolipins-2 in cerebellum enhanced during the attack. It is suggested that the effect of corazol seizure leads to the enhancement of lisoforms at the expense of the intensification of disintegration of other fractions of lisoforms.

[Oxidative processes and phospholipid metabolism in hepatocyte membranes during alloxan diabetes]. / Okislitel'nye protsessy i obmen fosfolipidov v membrannykh strukturakh gepatotsitov pri alloksanovom diabete.

Total content of phospholipids and their individual components were distinctly increased in microsomal, mitochondrial fractions and in inner mitochondrial membrane of rat hepatocytes under conditions of alloxan diabetes. The concentrations of these substances were decreased in outer mitochondrial membrane. Activation of lipid free-radical oxidation was found in all the membrane structures studied. In microsomal fraction of hepatocytes the rate of hydroxylation reaction was decreased, accompanied by a decrease in content of cytochromes b5 and P-450.

[Brain glycolipids in experimental brain edema]. / Glikolipidy mozga pri ego éksperimental'nom oteke.

Quantitative and qualitative composition of gangliosides, sulfatides and cerebrosides were studied in normal state and in experimental brain edema by means of thin-layer chromatography. In the experimental edema content of mono- and disialogangliosides was decreased while tri- and tetrasialogangliosides were unaltered. Statistically distinct increase in content of sulfocerebrosides (sulfatide 1.2) was also detected in brain edema as compared with controls. At the same time, amount of cerebroside 2 was decreased, whereas increase in cerebroside I concentration was detected.

[Interrelation of the processes of lipid peroxidation and hydroxylation in the liver microsomal fraction of white rats with alloxan diabetes]. / Vzaimosviaz' protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i gidroksilirovaniia v mikrosomnoi fraktsii pecheni belykh krys pri alloksanovom diabete.

Alloxan diabetes was accompanied by an increase in ascorbate-NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation with a simultaneous decrease in content of cytochrome P-450 and in the rate aniline hydroxylation in rat liver microsomal fraction. Activation of lipid peroxidation, which led to impairment of the endoplasmic reticulum integrity as well as to destruction of cytochrome P-450, may be important in pathogenesis of alloxan diabetes.

[Phospholipid-phospholipid relations and changes of free radical lipid oxidation in biological membranes during alloxan diabetes]. / Izuchenie fosfolipid-fosfolipidnykh sootnoshenii i dinamiki svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia lipidov v biologicheskikh membranakh pri alloksanovom diabete.

Quantitative and qualitative composition of phospholipids as well as lipid peroxidation were studied in outer and inner mitochondrial membranes and microsomal fraction from rat liver tissue under conditions of alloxane diabetes. In the diabetes amount of phospholipids, mainly cardiolipins and phosphatidylethanolamines, was increased in the inner and decreased in the outer mitochondrial membranes. Phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylserines were increased in microsomal fraction. At the same time, lipid peroxidation was activated both in ascorbate- and NADPH-dependent systems of oxidation. These data suggest that lipid peroxidation affects the composition of mitochondrial membranes either by means of removing of the substances from membranes or via their redistribution between the subcellular fractions.