[A detailed study of colon polyps]. / Podrobná studie o polypech tlustého streva.

UNLABELLED: INTRODUCTION, STUDY AIM: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignancies. Most frequently, neoplasms, including malignant precursors, are in the form of polyps, although these might be of a non-tumour origin. The aim of this prospective multicentre study was to provide an overview of coloscopic identification and biological nature of polyps. RESULTS: 3,400 consecutive coloscopies performed between 2009 and 2010 were analyzed. At different centres, the top of the cecum was reached in 89% to 93% and terminal ileum in 73% to 87% of cases. In the above 40 age group, 26.6% were screening coloscopies. The mean age of the above 40 patients was 56 years. The incidence of potential neoplastic lesions (polyps, carcinomas), advanced adenomas and carcinomas were: 7.8 %, 0.8 % and 0.16 %, respectively, in the above 40 age group, 41.5 %, 9.8 % and 1.6 %, respectively, in the 40-50 years age group and 70.5 %, 31.3 % and 6.8 %, respectively, in the above 50 age group. The incidence of tubular adenoma and hyperplastic polyps was 23.9% and 66.2%, respectively, in the below 40 age group and 53.1% and 26.1% in the above 50 age group. 57.8% of advances neoplasms were located in the rectosigmoid a descendent colon. The incidence ratio for adenomas and hyperplastic polyps was 76.6% and 14%, respectively, for rectosigmoid colon, 63.6 and 17.4 %, respectively, for descendent colon, 63.6 and 11.4 % for traverse colon and 63,4 a 17,9 %, respectively, for cecum and ascendant colon. The incidence of tubulovillous adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in pedunculated polyps larger than 1 cm was 19.4 % and 20.4 %, respectively, and 34.2 % and 13.1 %, respectively, in other polyps. The incidence of potential lesions (polyps and carcinomas), advanced adenomas, carcinomas and advanced neoplasms was 66.7 %, 23.1 %, 5.8 % and 28.9 %, respectively, in women and 63.1 %, 30.0 %, 5.7 % and 34.7 %, respectively, in men. CONCLUSION: The top of the cecum was reached in a higher proportion of cases than required, although this was lower than in the majority of other recent studies. Terminal ileum was reached in high number of cases. The incidence of polyps and neoplasms rose sharply from 40 years of age. Therefore, the screening threshold should be extended to the below 50 age group. Hyperplastic polyps predominated in younger age and adenomas in the above 40 age group. Histological profile was similar and did not suggest importantly different pathogenesis with respect to localization. There were relatively fewer adenomas and more hyperplastic polyps in pedunculated polyps and vice verse in other types of polyps, suggesting a higher risk associated with non-pedunculated lesions. Both sexes differed less than suggested based on epidemiological statistics.

Synthesis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid mimetics via selective protection.

The search for potential inhibitors that target so far unexplored bacterial enzyme mono-N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) has stimulated a development of methodology for quick and efficient preparation of mono-N-acylated 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) derivatives bearing the different carboxyl groups or lipophilic moieties on their amino group.

Inhibitors of N(alpha)-acetyl-L-ornithine deacetylase: synthesis, characterization and analysis of their inhibitory potency.

A series of N (alpha)-acyl (alkyl)- and N (alpha)-alkoxycarbonyl-derivatives of L- and D-ornithine were prepared, characterized, and analyzed for their potency toward the bacterial enzyme N (alpha)-acetyl-L-ornithine deacetylase (ArgE). ArgE catalyzes the conversion of N (alpha)-acetyl-L-ornithine to L-ornithine in the fifth step of the biosynthetic pathway for arginine, a necessary step for bacterial growth. Most of the compounds tested provided IC(50) values in the muM range toward ArgE, indicating that they are moderately strong inhibitors. N (alpha)-chloroacetyl-L-ornithine (1g) was the best inhibitor tested toward ArgE providing an IC(50) value of 85 microM while N (alpha)-trifluoroacetyl-L-ornithine (1f), N (alpha)-ethoxycarbonyl-L-ornithine (2b), and N (alpha)-acetyl-D-ornithine (1a) weakly inhibited ArgE activity providing IC(50) values between 200 and 410 microM. Weak inhibitory potency toward Bacillus subtilis-168 for N (alpha)-acetyl-D-ornithine (1a) and N (alpha)-fluoro- (1f), N (alpha)-chloro- (1g), N (alpha)-dichloro- (1h), and N (alpha)-trichloroacetyl-ornithine (1i) was also observed. These data correlate well with the IC(50) values determined for ArgE, suggesting that these compounds might be capable of getting across the cell membrane and that ArgE is likely the bacterial enzymatic target.

Timing of laparoscopic aspiration of preovulatory oocytes in heifers.

Twenty-one heifers were synchronized with PGF(2) alpha and 22 heifers were stimulated with FSH-P in decreasing doses and synchronized with PGF(2) alpha. The beginning of LH rise was observed to be 47.6+/-14.0 h and 35.9+/-1.3 h (P < 0.05) and the peak of LH rise was observed at 53.8 +/- 13.4 h and 40.14+/-1.4 h (P < 0.05) after the luteolyticum administration in the synchronized and superovulated group respectively. The beginning of LH rise was observed 6.9+/-6.7 h and 4.8+/-2.6 h (P < 0.05) and the LH peak was observed 11.8+/-7.7 h and 8.3+/-3.2 h (P < 0.05) after the frist symptoms of oestrus in the synchronized and superovulated group respectively. Ovulation was not observed in stimulated heifers in the period of 23-25 h after the preovulatory LH rise. Compact cumulus oophorus was seen at 30.5%, expanded at 67.0 and partial at 2.5% during this interval of 23-25h. Within this same interval 26.9%, 51.3% and 21.8% oocytes without perivitelline space, with perivitelline space and with extruded first polar body were aspirated respectively. It may be concluded from the reported results that to recover fully mature oocytes for in vitro fertilization, it will be necessary to monitor the preovulatory period of the donor cow in great detail.

[Morphometry of bovine luteal tissue explants after the addition of various doses of 15-glycol cloprostenol (Glystrophan inj. Spofa)]. / Morfometrie explantátu luteální tkáne krav po adici ruzných dávek 15-glykal cloprostenolu (Glystrophan inj. Spofa).

Histological and morphometrical examinations were made to investigate the explants of yellow bodies in four gravid cows slaughtered the seventh day after PMSG superovulation and after artificial insemination. The medium of luteal tissue explants was added the test substance 15-glycal cloprostenol at doses of 2.5; 25 and 250 micrograms per ml of the medium. Parallelly cloprostenol in the Oestrophan inj. Spofa preparation was investigated at a dose of 25 micrograms per ml of the medium. The action of the medium lasted 24 hours at temperatures of 37 and 24 degrees C. Besides an overall histological examination the following morphometric indicators were studied: total counts of luteal cells per 1 mm2 area, average area of luteal cells and their nuclei and determination of the nucleocytoplasmic ratio of these cells, parenchymal area (area of luteal cells and stroma) of the luteal tissue per 1 mm2 area. The examinations have indicated that 15-glycal cloprostenol at a dose of 25 micrograms per ml of the medium has stimulating, luteotropic effects on the luteal tissue. The effects were manifested by luteal tissue hyperplasia and the largest area of luteal tissue parenchyma. On the other hand the effects of a tenfold higher dose (250 micrograms per ml of the medium) of the same substance were luteolytic similarly like those of parallelly tested cloprostenol.

[Comparison of the effects of tercleucine and tryptophan superanalogs of LH-RH on gonadotropin secretion in heifers]. / Porovnání úcinku tercleucinového a tryptofanového superanalogu LH-RH na sekreci gonadotropinu u jalovic.

In six heifers without sexual organs the effects were compared of the superanalogues LH-RH [(D-Tle6) and (D-Trp6)] on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicles of stimulating hormone (FSH). The superanalogues were given i. m. at dosages of 10, 50 and 100 micrograms pro toto. Dosages of 50 and 100 micrograms of both superanalogues had a greater effect on the secretion of LH than the dosage of 100 micrograms. The highest average concentration of LH during the time of application (D-Tle6) was recorded in the dosage of 10 micrograms (7.84 ng.ml-1). The average concentrations of LH after application (D-Trp6) were within the range of 5.46 to 9.29 ng.ml-1. Because of the great variability of the concentrations of LH no significant differences were ascertained due to the influence of dosage. From a comparison of the concentrations of LH with the same dosage it emerged that (D-Trp6) after an application of 50 micrograms significantly increased the concentration of LH from the 60th to the 240th minute and thus had a more protracted effect. With dosages of 10 and 100 micrograms of the superanalogues no statistically significant differences were recorded after two hours from application. With (D-Trp6) the higher stimulative effect on the secretion of LH was statistically confirmed. The highest concentrations of follicles of stimulation hormone (FSH) (204.6 and 228.6 ng.ml-1) were found from the 40th to the 100th minute after the application of dosages of 50 and 100 micrograms (D-Tle6). The protracted effect was greatest with a dosage of 100 micrograms (270 mins). (D-Trp6) at a dosage of 100 micrograms caused the greatest effect on the secretion of FSH (226.8 ng.ml-1 for a period of 180 mins). The lower dosages of analogues scarcely differed in response. The dosage of superanalogues has an influence on the concentration of FSH in peripheral blood and on the duration of the protracted effect.

[The effect of ovarian steroids on the pharmacokinetics of Terguride in the rat uterus]. / Vliv ovariálních steroidu na farmakokinetiku Terguridu v deloze krys.

The incorporation of 3H-17-beta oestradiol (3H-E2) and 3H-Tergurid (3H-Te) in the uteri of sexually immature rats was monitored for 16 hours following the treatment of the animals with Tergurid, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid [chemically acid N-(D-6-methyl-8-isoergolin-I-yl)--N',N'-diethylurea maleate; VUFB-6638]. The differences in the incorporation of 3H-Te in relation to the presence of ovarial steroids (E2 and progesterone) were investigated for the same period of time in the adult ovariectomized rats. In all the time intervals under study, the average values of 3H-E2 activities in the uteri of juvenile rats treated with Tergurid were lower than in the controls. This decrease was statistically significant (P less than 0.05) eight hours after treatment. The time course of the incorporation of 3H-Te in the uteri of the experimental and control animals was about the same. The activities of incorporated 3H-Te in the uteri of adult rats treated with E2 were higher in all the intervals, the difference being statistically significant after two hours and 16 hours (P less than 0.05) and after four hours (P less than 0.01). Progesterone did not induce any significant differences in the incorporation of 3H-Te. These results suggest that the increased incorporation of Tergurid in the uteri of adult rats is due to a direct influence of E2. It has been demonstrated by trials on juvenile rats that Tergurid does not combine with oestrogenic receptors. As suggested by the decreased weights of the uteri of juvenile rats treated with Tergurid, the uterine cells are unable to react to exogenous administration of E2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Fluctuation in the concentration of sex steroids and aflatoxin B1 in the seminal plasma of boars and its relation to sperm production]. / Kolísání koncentrace pohlavních steroidu a aflatoxinu B1 v semenné plazme kancu a jejich vztah k produkci spermatu.

The concentration of testosterone, 17-beta oestradiol and aflatoxin B1 were studied in the semen plasma of 21 boars of four breeds for the period of twelve months. The following spermiological parameters were investigated: semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, and survival of spermatozoa. The fertilizing capacity of ejaculates was evaluated according to the conception rate of sows and gilts after the first insemination, according to the average number of piglets per litter and average number of live-born piglets per litter. The highest aflatoxin B1 residues in sperm were recorded in March to May and were related with aflatoxin concentration in feed ration. The group of boars with fertility disorders had more aflatoxin in their sperm (up to 100 pmol . l-1), lower sperm concentration, lower survival of spermatozoa, and a larger proportion of abnormal spermatozoa. The year season had a significant influence on the concentration of the hormones. The highest average value of testosterone (10.2 +/- 1.28 nmol) was obtained in autumn and lower values were recorded in winter. The changes in 17-beta estradiol concentration were similar to the changes in testosterone content, with the maximum value in November (0.249 nmol X 1(-1]. The boars with reproduction disorders had a significantly lower concentration of 17-beta oestradiol. Significant correlations were found between the concentration of the hormones, semen volume, and sperm concentration. 17-beta oestradiol also had a significant positive correlation to abnormal spermatozoa and to the activity of aspartate aminotransferase.

[Effect of pregnant mare serum on bovine luteal tissue]. / Ucinnost séra brezích klisen na luteální tkáne skotu.

Trials were conducted with four heifers and twelve dairy cows to study the luteotropic effect of the serum of pregnant mares administered at the rates of 2000 to 3000 units. The effect of serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on ovarian activity was compared with the ovarian activity of control animals and ovarian activity after the administration of hypophyseal hormones. The highest progesterone concentration of PMSG-treated cows ranged from 41.9 to 74.3 ng per ml of milk; in the control group this range was between 32.2 and 43.1 ng per ml and in the group of gonadotropin-treated cows between 31.7 and 44.8 ng per ml. In heifers the progesterone levels increased from 3.56 to 4.58 ng per ml of plasma within 24 hours from the administration of PMSG. After 48 hours from administration the average progesterone concentration increased to 11.02 ng per ml of plasma. The animals which did not respond to PMSG administration by the growth of follicles exhibited an increased secretion of progesterone. The administration of hypophyseal hormones in the luteal stage of sexual cycle did not exert any significant influence on progesterone concentration, but stimulated the growth of follicles.

Effect of bovine growth hormone on development of goat mammary tissue in organ culture.

The effect of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on DNA, protein and casein synthesis in goat mammary explants was studied. Growth hormone was unable to stimulate DNA synthesis or potentiate insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis either in high or low oxygen concentrations. In the presence of insulin and cortisol bGH had no effect on the synthesis of explant cytosol proteins. Two preparations of bGH were tested for their effect on casein synthesis. The preparation NIH-GH-B17 at concentration 50 micrograms ml-1 increased casein synthesis similarly as about 0.5 micrograms ml-1 of prolactin. Our preparation, prepared by the method of Prusík and Braun [1967], at concentration 50 micrograms ml-1 had effect lower than 0.05 micrograms ml-1 of prolactin. The lactogenic activity of NIH-GH-B17 was decreased by treatment with specific antisera to bovine prolactin. When submaximum concentration of prolactin (0.05 microgram ml-1) was added, bGH at concentration as low as 0.5 microgram ml-1 had synergistic effect on prolactin stimulated casein synthesis.

Artificial induction of lactation in dry cows.

Oestradiol, progesterone, cortisol and reserpine were utilized in treatment regimes for hormonal induction of lactation in dry nonpregnant cows with previous reproductive failures. Lactations were successfully induced in 44 out of 55 cows. The udders of cows in which lactation had been induced successfully were visibly enlarged after 7 days of oestradiol-progesterone treatment on experimental day 8-14 and hence before the administration of cortisol (day 18, 19 and 20). It was concluded that addition of cortisol to oestradiol-progesterone treatment does not improve the success rate of hormonal induction of lactation. The addition of reserpine to oestradiol-progesterone treatment improved the success rate of hormonal induction of lactation. The reduction of oestradiol-17 beta dosage from 60 mg to 30-40 mg day-1 with progesterone at 150 or 200 mg day-1 for the initial 7 days increased both milk yield and the success rate of the hormonal induction of lactation and eliminated pelvic fractures and excessive oestrous activity in treated cows.

Radioimmunoassay of nortestosterone and related steroids.

A radioimmunoassay of nortestosterone and related steroids, including its principal metabolities, is described and evaluated. Antisera against nortestosterone-17 beta-hemisuccinate- and nortestosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin were raised in goats. By using a mixture of such antisera with different selectivity, the cross-reactions of several naturally occurring steroids can be reduced. The method can be applied for the detection of nortestosterone in both unprocessed or hydrolyzed urine extracts and also in plasma. It has been used as a screening test for anabolics in doping control.

Radioimmunoassay of 17-alpha-alkylated anabolic steroids.

A method for the detection of anabolic 17-alpha-alkylated androstane derivatives in both plasma and urine is described and evaluated. The goat and rabbit antisera against 17-alpha-Methyltestosterone-3-carboxymethyloxim-Rinder-serum albumin were raised and compared using [3H]methandrostenolone as a tracer. 22 Steroids including 10 potent synthetic anabolics were tested for their cross-reaction with these antisera.

[Levels of luteinizing hormone in sheep of various breeds]. / Hladiny luteinizacního hormonu u ovcí ruzných plemen

Determined were the LH values in the course of the sexual cycle which ranged within limits of 1 ng ml-1, with a peak of 60 to 250 ng ml-1 on the day of oestrus. By leaving the lambs with their mothers, the normal cycle is stopped, conclusive differences in the rest levels of LH were found out in the Finnish sheep breed, in Romanov sheep, and in the mutton Merino breed. After ovariectomy there occurred an increase of LH in sheep of the Tsigai breed to 6 ng ml-1 and in sheep of the mutton Merino breed to 18 to 22 ng ml-1.