RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Paclitaxel (PTX) cannot effectively treat glioma because it cannot cross the bloodbrain barrier (BBB). A specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation (SMES) can temporarily open the BBB, thereby improving drug delivery to the brain. This study aimed to observe SMES-mediated accumulation of PTX in the brain and its anti-glioma effect and explore the role of the Hedgehog pathway. METHODS: The acupoint selectivity of SMES in opening the BBB was examined in normal rats. The penetration and anti-glioma activity were determined in a C6-Luc glioma rat model. SMES was performed using 2/100â¯Hz, 3â¯mA, 6-6â¯s, and 40â¯min The survival curve was analysed by the KaplanMeier method, brain tumour pathology and size was observed by HE staining, and in vivo imaging system respectively. RESULTS: SMES-induced BBB opening had acupoint selectivity. SMES could improve PTX accumulation in brain and SMES-mediated PTX delivery showed enhanced anti-glioma activity due to better brain penetration. Hedgehog pathway was involved in SMES-mediated PTX delivery by regulating Occludin expression. CONCLUSION: SMES at the head acupoints to deliver PTX is a feasible and effective method for treating glioma. The Hedgehog pathway may play a key role in SMES-mediated PTX delivery across the BBB.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Barrera Hematoencefálica , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Electroacupuntura , Glioma , Proteínas Hedgehog , Paclitaxel , Animales , Electroacupuntura/métodos , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Glioma/terapia , Glioma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Línea Celular Tumoral , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Even though an extensive body of previous research has examined the association between received intergenerational support and the well-being outcomes of older adults in a wide variety of contexts, few studies have been conducted to explore the impacts of intergenerational support on elders' subjective well-being, especially the intermediary mechanisms in this process. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap by exploring the mediating role of optimism in the association between received intergenerational support and subjective well-being among the elderly in China, as well as the sex differences that exist between males and females. The findings show that the intergenerational support received from adult children is positively related to subjective well-being and that this relationship is partly mediated by optimism. Meanwhile, no significant sex difference was found in the interrelations between intergenerational support, optimism, and subjective well-being.
Asunto(s)
Optimismo , Caracteres Sexuales , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Hijos Adultos , China , Relaciones IntergeneracionalesRESUMEN
Prior studies on adverse outcomes of parental corporal punishment on children have focused on examining one of two broad domains of parental corporal punishment: parental beliefs or actual use. Recently, researchers have argued that parental belief and actual use of corporal punishment should work jointly to contribute to children's depression and involvement in school violence. Yet, studies supporting this proposition are lacking. This study examined the indirect link from parental attitudes towards corporal punishment to children's depression and school violence involvement through actual use of corporal punishment. Four hundred and thirty-three elementary school students and their parents in Taiwan participated in this study. The results indicate that positive parental attitudes towards corporal punishment do not predict children's depression and involvement in school violence. However, parental attitudes towards corporal punishment had significant indirect relationships with depression and involvement in school violence through the actual use of corporal punishment. These findings applied to both genders. This study supports the proposition that parental attitudes and the actual use of corporal punishment could work together to predict children's depression and school violence. Future intervention programs for decreasing children's depressive symptoms and involvement in school violence might need to tackle corporal punishment in the family.