Sophora subprosrate polysaccharide inhibited cytokine/chemokine secretion via suppression of histone acetylation modification and NF-κb activation in PCV2 infected swine alveolar macrophage.

In the present study, effect of Sophora subprosrate polysaccharide on PCV2 infection-induced inflammation and histone acetylation modification in swine alveolar macrophage 3D4/2 cells was described for the first time. The relationship between histone acetylation modifications and inflammation response was investigated. The results showed that PCV2 infection induced inflammation by promoting the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10 in 3D4/2 cells. The production of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 and their mRNA expression levels markedly decreased while the level and mRNA expression of IL-10 were elevated when the cells were treated with Sophora subprosrate polysaccharide. The SSP also decreased the activity of HATs, histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3) and histone H4 acetylation (Ac-H4), p65 phosphorylation (P-p65) in the cells infected with PCV2 while HDACs activity was down-regulated, which involved in the inhibitory effect of SSP on histone acetylation and NF-κB signaling pathways activation. Down-regulation of HAT1 mRNA expression and up-regulation of HDAC1 mRNA expression further support the inhibitory effect of SSP on histone acetylation. In conclusion, Sophora subprosrate polysaccharide antagonized inflammatory responses induced by PCV2, via mechanisms involved in histone acetylation and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Expression of beta adrenergic receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its significance to the prognosis.

The aim of this study was to detect the expression of ß-AR (Beta Adregenic Receptor) in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), para-cancerous and normal oral mucosa and to investigate the relationship between the expression intensity and the characteristics and prognosis of oral cancer. 100 cases of OSCC were collected; 20 cases of paraneoplastic tissues and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were taken as control. The expression of ß-AR was detected by immunohistochemical method and the average optical density determination using Image J software. Finally, the difference of ß-AR expression and the correlation with the clinicopathological factors were analyzed statistically. The expression of ß-AR in OSCC was higher than that in paracarcinoma and normal mucosa (P<0.01). The expression intensity of ß1, ß2-AR in preoperative lymph node metastasis group was higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). The expression intensity of ß3-AR was not related to pathological grade and tumor size (P>0.05). ß1 and ß2-AR in early stage of OSCC were higher than those in early stage (P<0.05). Lymph node metastasis, recurrence, TNM clinical stage, and the expression intensity of ß1-AR all had an effect on the cumulative survival rate. All the ß1, 2, 3-AR were expressed in OSCC. ß1 and ß2-AR were involved in lymphatic metastasis and had influence on clinical staging. Metastasis, recurrence, TNM stage and expression of ß1-AR had an effect on the cumulative survival rate of tumor. The expression of ß3-AR in OSCC was not associated with the pathological grades and tumor growth.