Digital health literacy, behavior and knowledge of adolescents for hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate factors associated with digital health literacy, hand hygiene knowledge and behavior among Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: cross-sectional study with 473 adolescents aged 15 to 19. Data were collected virtually between June and August 2021 through a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, digital health literacy, knowledge and behavior regarding hand hygiene. Variables were adjusted using multiple linear regression models with normal response. RESULTS: the average digital health literacy score was 29.89 ±5.30; for hand hygiene knowledge and behavior was 13.1 ±1.5 and 11.1±2.7, respectively. Higher knowledge and behavior scores for hand hygiene were associated with having completed high school, compared to those attending college, among those who attend health courses, seek information about the pandemic and in scientific articles. Higher digital health literacy scores in adolescents who did not wear masks when playing sports (p= 0.017). There was an association between digital health literacy and knowledge (p = 0.000) and behavior (p = 0.000) regarding hand hygiene. CONCLUSION: there is an association between higher digital health literacy scores and hand hygiene knowledge and behavior.

Resolving the metabolism of monolignols and other lignin-related aromatic compounds in Xanthomonas citri.

Lignin, a major plant cell wall component, has an important role in plant-defense mechanisms against pathogens and is a promising renewable carbon source to produce bio-based chemicals. However, our understanding of microbial metabolism is incomplete regarding certain lignin-related compounds like p-coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols. Here, we reveal peripheral pathways for the catabolism of the three main lignin precursors (p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols) in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri. Our study demonstrates all the necessary enzymatic steps for funneling these monolignols into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, concurrently uncovering aryl aldehyde reductases that likely protect the pathogen from aldehydes toxicity. It also shows that lignin-related aromatic compounds activate transcriptional responses related to chemotaxis and flagellar-dependent motility, which might play an important role during plant infection. Together our findings provide foundational knowledge to support biotechnological advances for both plant diseases treatments and conversion of lignin-derived compounds into bio-based chemicals.

A practical and eco-friendly method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in açaí-based food products by vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

For the first time, a method for the simultaneous analysis of fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including light and heavy PAHs, in açaí-based food products (AFPs) was developed using vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction (VASE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method requires no organic solvents and is amenable to full automation. To achieve optimal analytical extraction conditions, VASE parameters including stirring rate, extraction time, desorption temperature, desorption time, preheat time, and preheat temperature were optimized using sequential multivariate optimization. The method was validated and yielded limits of quantification below 1 µg kg-1 for all analytes, with recoveries ranging from 65 % to 112 % and good precision (≤11 % relative standard deviation). Additionally, the greenness and practical aspects of the method were investigated using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), eco-scale, and the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), respectively. The VASE-GC-MS approach is suitable for routine analysis and exhibits characteristics of a green analytical method. No PAHs were detected above the limits of detection in thirty samples of AFPs.

Factors related to health literacy among Brazilian adolescents: cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical factors with health literacy in Brazilian adolescents. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with 526 adolescents aged 14 to 19. Data were collected virtually between July and September 2021 using a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, clinical profile and the Health Literacy Assessment Tool - Portuguese version. The variables were evaluated by multiple linear regression with normal response, with significance p < 0.05. RESULTS: The average age was 16.9 years (±1.6), the average health literacy score was 25.3 (±5.4). Female gender (p = 0.014), university educational level (p = 0.002) and use of medication (p = 0.020) were related to higher levels of health literacy. Adolescents with chronic illnesses had a higher total literacy score, on average 1.51 points, compared to those without chronic illnesses. CONCLUSION: Male adolescents and those with less education performed worse in health literacy and, therefore, deserve special attention in health promotion actions.

Factors related to health literacy among Brazilian adolescents: cross-sectional study / Factores relacionados con la alfabetización en salud de adolescentes brasileños: estudio transversal / Fatores relacionados ao letramento em saúde de adolescentes brasileiros: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical factors with health literacy in Brazilian adolescents. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with 526 adolescents aged 14 to 19. Data were collected virtually between July and September 2021 using a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, clinical profile and the Health Literacy Assessment Tool - Portuguese version. The variables were evaluated by multiple linear regression with normal response, with significance p < 0.05. Results: The average age was 16.9 years (±1.6), the average health literacy score was 25.3 (±5.4). Female gender (p = 0.014), university educational level (p = 0.002) and use of medication (p = 0.020) were related to higher levels of health literacy. Adolescents with chronic illnesses had a higher total literacy score, on average 1.51 points, compared to those without chronic illnesses. Conclusion: Male adolescents and those with less education performed worse in health literacy and, therefore, deserve special attention in health promotion actions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre factores sociodemográficos y clínicos con la alfabetización en salud de adolescentes brasileños. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal llevado con 526 adolescentes entre 14 y 19 años. Los datos se recogieron virtualmente entre julio y septiembre de 2021 mediante un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica, de perfil clínico y de la Health Literacy Assessment Tool - versión en portugués. Las variables se sopesaron por regresión linear múltiple con respuesta normal y significación p < 0,05. Resultados: La edad promedio era de 16,9 años (±1,6) y la puntuación media en alfabetización en salud de 25,3 (±5,4). El sexo femenino (p = 0,014), la mayor escolaridad (p = 0,002) y el uso de medicación (p = 0,020) estaban relacionados con niveles más altos de alfabetización en salud. Los adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas obtuvieron una puntuación total de alfabetización más alta, en media, 1,51 puntos, en comparación con los que no padecían dichas enfermedades. Conclusión: Adolescentes del sexo masculino y aquellos con menos escolaridad presentaron un desempeño pobre en la alfabetización en salud y, por esa razón, necesitan atención especial durante las acciones de promoción de la salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos com o letramento em saúde de adolescentes brasileiros. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 526 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos. Os dados foram coletados virtualmente entre julho e setembro de 2021 por meio de questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, do perfil clínico e do Health Literacy Assessment Tool - versão em português. As variáveis foram avaliadas por regressão linear múltipla com resposta normal, com significância p < 0,05. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 16,9 anos (±1,6), a pontuação média do letramento em saúde foi de 25,3 (±5,4). Sexo feminino (p = 0,014), maior escolaridade (p = 0,002) e uso de medicamentos (p = 0,020) foram relacionados a maiores níveis de letramento em saúde. Adolescentes com doenças crônicas apresentaram pontuação total do letramento superior, em média 1,51 pontos, comparados aos sem doença crônica. Conclusão: Adolescentes do sexo masculino e os com menor escolaridade apresentaram pior desempenho no letramento em saúde e, por isso, merecem especial atenção nas ações de promoção da saúde.

Digital health literacy, behavior and knowledge of adolescents for hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic / Letramento digital em saúde, comportamento e conhecimento de adolescentes para higienização das mãos na pandemia de COVID-19 / Literacidad digital en salud, comportamiento y conocimiento de adolescentes para la higienización de las manos en la pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract Objective: to investigate factors associated with digital health literacy, hand hygiene knowledge and behavior among Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: cross-sectional study with 473 adolescents aged 15 to 19. Data were collected virtually between June and August 2021 through a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, digital health literacy, knowledge and behavior regarding hand hygiene. Variables were adjusted using multiple linear regression models with normal response. Results: the average digital health literacy score was 29.89 ±5.30; for hand hygiene knowledge and behavior was 13.1 ±1.5 and 11.1±2.7, respectively. Higher knowledge and behavior scores for hand hygiene were associated with having completed high school, compared to those attending college, among those who attend health courses, seek information about the pandemic and in scientific articles. Higher digital health literacy scores in adolescents who did not wear masks when playing sports (p= 0.017). There was an association between digital health literacy and knowledge (p = 0.000) and behavior (p = 0.000) regarding hand hygiene. Conclusion: there is an association between higher digital health literacy scores and hand hygiene knowledge and behavior.

Resumo Objetivo: investigar fatores associados ao letramento digital em saúde, o conhecimento e comportamento para higienização das mãos de adolescentes brasileiros na pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 473 adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos. Os dados foram obtidos virtualmente, entre junho e agosto de 2021, por meio de questionário sobre características sociodemográficas, letramento digital em saúde, conhecimento e comportamento para higienização das mãos. Variáveis foram ajustadas por modelos de regressão linear múltipla com resposta normal. Resultados: a pontuação média de letramento digital em saúde foi de 29,89 ±5,30. Para o conhecimento e comportamento na higienização das mãos foi de 13,1 ±1,5 e 11,1±2,7, respectivamente. Maiores pontuações de conhecimento e comportamento na higienização das mãos se associaram ao ensino médio finalizado, isto se comparados aos que cursam faculdade, aos que frequentam curso em saúde, aos que buscam informações sobre a pandemia e em artigos científicos. Além disso, houve maiores pontuações do letramento digital em saúde em adolescentes que não utilizavam máscaras quando praticavam esporte (p= 0,017). Houve associação entre letramento digital em saúde e conhecimento (p = 0,000) e comportamento (p = 0,000) para higienização das mãos. Conclusão: existe associação entre maiores escores de letramento digital em saúde e o conhecimento e comportamento para a higienização das mãos.

Resumen Objetivo: investigar factores asociados a la literacidad digital en salud, el conocimiento y comportamiento para la higienización de las manos de adolescentes brasileños en la pandemia COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal con 473 adolescentes de 15 a 19 años. Los datos fueron recogidos virtualmente entre junio y agosto de 2021 mediante un cuestionario de características sociodemográficas, literacidad digital en salud, conocimiento y comportamiento para la higienización de las manos. Las variables fueron ajustadas por modelos de regresión lineal múltiple con respuesta normal. Resultados: la puntuación media de literacidad digital en salud fue de 29,89 ±5,30; para el conocimiento y comportamiento para la higienización de las manos fue de 13,1 ±1,5 y 11,1±2,7, respectivamente. Mayores puntuaciones de conocimiento y comportamiento para higienización de las manos se asociaron con enseñanza secundaria finalizada, comparados a los que cursan universidad, entre los que asisten a cursos en salud, buscan información sobre la pandemia y en artículos científicos. Mayores puntuaciones de literacidad digital en salud en adolescentes que no utilizaban mascarillas cuando practicaban deporte (p= 0,017). Hubo asociación entre literacidad digital en salud y conocimiento (p = 0,000) y comportamiento (p = 0,000) para higienización de las manos. Conclusión: existe asociación entre mayores puntuaciones de literacidad digital en salud y el conocimiento y comportamiento para la higienización de las manos.

Association of health literacy, COVID-19 threat, and vaccination intention among Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: investigate the influence of health literacy on the assessment of COVID-19 threat to health and the intention not to be vaccinated among Brazilian adolescents. METHOD: cross-sectional study with 526 Brazilian adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Socioeconomic aspects, health-disease profile, health literacy, health threat by COVID-19 and intention not to be vaccinated were analyzed by bivariate association and multiple linear regression with Poisson response. RESULTS: higher health literacy score (p=0.010), cardiovascular disease (p=0.006), lower income (p=0.000), and living in the North region (p=0.007) were factors that contributed to feeling more threatened by COVID-19. Health literacy did not influence the intention not to be vaccinated (p=0.091), whose prevalence was lower among adolescents in the Southeast region when compared to those in the North region (p=0.010), among those who attended higher education (p=0,049) and those with higher income (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: health literacy influenced the perception of COVID-19 threat, but not the intention not to be vaccinated. Assessment of COVID-19 threat to health and prevalence of the intention not to be vaccinated were influenced by the region of residence, income, and education, which reinforces the importance of social determinants of health in this context. KEYPOINTS: (1) Average health literacy (HL) score of Brazilian adolescents: 25.3 (p-HLAT-8). (2) Adolescents in the Southeast region felt less threatened by COVID-19. (3) Higher HL score indicated adolescents felt more threatened by COVID-19. (4) Intention not to be vaccinated was observed among adolescents with higher income and education. (5) About 87% of Brazilian adolescents want to be vaccinated against COVID-19.

Health literacy of adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the scientific production on health literacy (HL) of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: an integrative review, in the MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, between March 2020 and August 2021. Original articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. RESULTS: of the 65 studies found in the search, eight were included for analysis, with no publication in Brazil, with five publications in 2021, predominantly in English (n=7) and all classified with level of evidence VI. Of the instruments used, eHealth literacy was the most applied instrument (n=2). Television, family and the internet were identified as the main sources of health information during the pandemic. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the literature has indicated that HL can interfere with adolescents' decision making and that a low HL can lead to decisions and physical and mental exposure actions of adolescents.

Educational intervention through a comic book for preoperative anxiety in children, adolescents, and their parents: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Reducing preoperative anxiety can help optimize surgical care. AIM: To analyze the effectiveness of verbal guidance by nurses versus verbal guidance combined with a comic book on preoperative anxiety in children and their parents. METHODS: We conducted a randomized parallel, two-group controlled clinical trial in the pediatric ward and a blinded anxiety assessment in the operating room of a Brazilian hospital. Individuals aged 6-14 years undergoing surgical procedures of up to 4 h for the first time were included in the study. Parents who were adults, literate, and able to communicate verbally were included. The primary outcome was the children's anxiety, measured by the Children Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS); the secondary outcome was the parents' anxiety, assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Participants were divided into the intervention (IG; n = 60) and control (CG; n = 60) groups. FINDINGS: The two groups were homogeneous. The median age of the children was 8 years. No significant differences were observed in the CAQ and VAS scores between the two assessment time points or in the mYPAS scores between the IG and CG. However, parents' anxiety significantly decreased in both groups. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Preoperative guidance by nurses, either verbal only or verbal information with a comic book proved beneficial in reducing parental anxiety. However, both interventions, performed on the day of surgery, failed to reduce preoperative anxiety in children and adolescents upon admission to the operating room. We recommended the process of preparing the child should begin after scheduling the surgery.

Health literacy of adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review / Alfabetización en salud de adolescentes en la pandemia de COVID-19: revisión integradora / Letramento em saúde de adolescentes na pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the scientific production on health literacy (HL) of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an integrative review, in the MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, between March 2020 and August 2021. Original articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. Results: of the 65 studies found in the search, eight were included for analysis, with no publication in Brazil, with five publications in 2021, predominantly in English (n=7) and all classified with level of evidence VI. Of the instruments used, eHealth literacy was the most applied instrument (n=2). Television, family and the internet were identified as the main sources of health information during the pandemic. Final considerations: the literature has indicated that HL can interfere with adolescents' decision making and that a low HL can lead to decisions and physical and mental exposure actions of adolescents.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la producción científica sobre alfabetización en salud (AS) de adolescentes durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: revisión integradora, en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL y Web of Science, entre marzo de 2020 y agosto de 2021. Se incluyeron artículos originales en inglés, español y portugués. Resultados: de los 65 estudios encontrados en la búsqueda, ocho fueron incluidos para análisis, sin publicación en Brasil, con cinco publicaciones en el año 2021, predominantemente en inglés (n=7) y todos clasificados con nivel de evidencia VI. De los instrumentos utilizados, la eHealth literacy fue la herramienta más aplicada (n=2). La televisión, la familia e internet fueron identificadas como las principales fuentes de información en salud durante la pandemia. Consideraciones finales: la literatura ha indicado que la AS puede interferir en la toma de decisiones de los adolescentes y que una AS baja puede conducir a decisiones y acciones de exposición física y mental de los adolescentes.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre o letramento em saúde (LS) de adolescentes durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL e Web of Science, entre março de 2020 e agosto de 2021. Foram incluídos artigos originais nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Resultados: dos 65 estudos encontrados na busca, oito foram incluídos para análise, não havendo nenhuma publicação no Brasil, com cinco publicações no ano de 2021, predominância na língua inglesa (n=7) e todos classificados com nível de evidência VI. Dos instrumentos utilizados, eHealth literacy foi a ferramenta mais aplicada (n=2). Televisão, família e internet foram apontadas como as principais fontes de informações de saúde durante a pandemia. Considerações finais: a literatura sinalizou que o LS pode interferir na tomada de decisão dos adolescentes e que um baixo LS pode levar a decisões e ações de exposição física e mental dos adolescentes.

Association of health literacy, COVID-19 threat, and vaccination intention among Brazilian adolescents / Associação entre letramento em saúde, ameaça pela COVID-19 e intenção vacinal de adolescentes brasileiros / Relación entre alfabetización en salud, amenaza por COVID-19 e intención de vacunación entre los adolescentes brasileños

Abstract Objective: investigate the influence of health literacy on the assessment of COVID-19 threat to health and the intention not to be vaccinated among Brazilian adolescents. Method: cross-sectional study with 526 Brazilian adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Socioeconomic aspects, health-disease profile, health literacy, health threat by COVID-19 and intention not to be vaccinated were analyzed by bivariate association and multiple linear regression with Poisson response. Results: higher health literacy score (p=0.010), cardiovascular disease (p=0.006), lower income (p=0.000), and living in the North region (p=0.007) were factors that contributed to feeling more threatened by COVID-19. Health literacy did not influence the intention not to be vaccinated (p=0.091), whose prevalence was lower among adolescents in the Southeast region when compared to those in the North region (p=0.010), among those who attended higher education (p=0,049) and those with higher income (p=0.000). Conclusion: health literacy influenced the perception of COVID-19 threat, but not the intention not to be vaccinated. Assessment of COVID-19 threat to health and prevalence of the intention not to be vaccinated were influenced by the region of residence, income, and education, which reinforces the importance of social determinants of health in this context.

Resumo Objetivo: investigar a influência do letramento em saúde na avaliação da ameaça à saúde pela COVID-19 e sobre a intenção de não se vacinar de adolescentes brasileiros. Método: estudo transversal com 526 adolescentes brasileiros de 14 a 19 anos. Aspectos socioeconômicos, perfil saúde-doença, letramento em saúde, ameaça à saúde pela COVID-19 e intenção de não se vacinar foram analisados por associação bivariada e regressão linear múltipla com resposta Poisson. Resultados: maior pontuação de letramento em saúde (p=0,010), doença cardíaca (p=0,006), menor renda (p=0,000) e morar na região norte (p=0,007) foram fatores que contribuíram para o sentimento de maior ameaça pela COVID-19. O letramento em saúde não influenciou a intenção de não se vacinar (p=0,091), cuja prevalência foi menor entre os adolescentes do Sudeste quando comparados aos do Norte (p=0,010), entre os que cursavam o ensino superior (p=0,049) e entre aqueles com maior renda (p=0,000). Conclusão: letramento em saúde influenciou a percepção da ameaça da doença, mas não a intenção de não se vacinar. Avaliação da ameaça à saúde pela COVID-19 e a prevalência da intenção de não se vacinar foram influenciadas pela região de residência, renda e escolaridade, o que reforça a importância dos determinantes sociais da saúde nesse contexto.

Resumen Objetivo: investigar la influencia de la alfabetización en salud sobre la evaluación de la amenaza por COVID-19 y sobre la intención de los adolescentes brasileños de no vacunarse. Método: estudio transversal con 526 adolescentes brasileños entre 14 y 19 años. Se analizaron aspectos socioeconómicos, perfil epidemiológico, alfabetización en salud, amenaza a la salud por COVID-19 y la intención de no vacunarse mediante una relación bivariada y regresión lineal múltiple de respuesta de Poisson. Resultados: una elevada puntuación de alfabetización en salud (p=0,010), enfermedades cardiovasculares (p=0,006), menor nivel de renta (p=0,000) y vivir en la región norte (p=0,007) fueron factores que ayudaron a la sensación de mayor amenaza por COVID-19. La alfabetización en salud no influyó en la intención de no vacunarse (p=0,091), cuya prevalencia fue más baja entre los adolescentes del Sudeste en comparación con los del Norte (p=0,010), entre los que cursaban estudios superiores (p=0,049) y mayor nivel de renta (p=0,000). Conclusión: la alfabetización en salud influyó sobre la percepción de la amenaza de la enfermedad pero no en la intención de no vacunarse. La evaluación de la amenaza a la salud por COVID-19 y la prevalencia de la intención de no vacunarse fueron condicionadas por la región de residencia, nivel de renta y educación, acentuando la importancia de los determinantes sociales de la salud en este contexto.

Adesão ao checklist de cirurgia segura: análise das cirurgias pediátricas / Safe surgery compliance checklist: analysis of pediatric surgeries / Adhesión al checklist de cirugía segura: análisis de las cirugías pediátricas

Objetivo: Este estudo analisou a adesão ao preenchimento do checklist de cirurgia segura em procedimentos realizados em crianças e adolescentes de até 17 anos, bem como os fatores que influenciam a sua utilização. Método: Estudo analítico, transversal, realizado em um hospital público. Foram analisados os prontuários de cirurgias executadas em crianças e adolescentes de até 17 anos, no ano de 2017. Foi aplicada análise estatística descritiva, teste Exato de Fisher e regressão logística. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 262 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes, 65,68% do sexo masculino, prevalecendo os procedimentos de adenoidectomia e amigdalectomia. Observou-se em 12,9% dos checklists o preenchimento completo, em 86,4%, parcial e em 0,7% a lista não foi preenchida. Não houve associação significativa entre a adesão ao instrumento e os fatores analisados. Conclusão: A adesão completa ao checklist foi de 12,9% com diferença no preenchimento entre as etapas, e não houve um único fator responsável pela inadequação. O preenchimento parcial na maioria dos casos sinaliza a necessidade de desconstruir as barreiras para conduzir o checklist, com ações educativas envolvendo as equipes e o real entendimento da aplicação do instrumento, que pode favorecer a segurança cirúrgica e a qualidade da assistência.

Objective: This study analyzed the safe surgical checklist compliance in surgeries performed in children and adolescents up to 17 years old, as well as the factors that influence its use. Method: Cross-sectional, analytical study performed in a public hospital. The medical charts of surgeries performed on children and adolescents up to the age of 17 were analyzed in the year 2017. Descriptive statistical analysis, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were applied. Results: The sample consisted of 262 medical records of children and adolescents, 65.68% belonged to males, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy procedures were prevalent. It was observed that 12.9% checklists were fully completed, 86.4% partially completed and 0.7% were not completed. There was no significant association between compliance to the instrument and the factors analyzed. Conclusion: Complete adherence to the checklist was 12.9%, with differences in completion between stages, and there was no single factor responsible for the inadequacy. The partial completion in most cases indicates the need to deconstruct the barriers related to performing the checklist, by employing educational actions involving the teams and understanding the application of the instrument, which may benefit surgical safety and quality of care.

Objetivo: Este estudio analizó la adhesión al llenado del checklist de cirugía segura en cirugías realizadas en niños y adolescentes de hasta 17 años, así como los factores que influyen su utilización. Método: Estudio analítico, transversal, realizado en un hospital público. Fueron analizados los prontuarios de cirugías ejecutadas en niños y adolescentes de hasta 17 años, el año de 2017. Fue aplicado análisis estadístico descriptivo, test Exacto de Fisher y regresión logística. Resultados: La muestra fue compuesta por 262 históricos médicos de niños y adolescentes, un 65,68% del sexo masculino, prevaleciendo los procedimientos de adenoidectomía e amigdalectomía. Se observó en un 12,9% de los checklists el llenado completo, en un 86,4%, parcial y en un 0,7% la lista no fue llenada. No hubo asociación significativa entre la adhesión al instrumento y los factores analizados. Conclusión: La adhesión completa al checklist fue del 12,9% con diferencia en el llenado entre las etapas, y no hubo un único factor responsable por la inadecuación. El llenado parcial en la mayoría de los casos señala la necesidad de deconstruir las barreras para conducir el checklist, con acciones educativas involucrando los equipos y el real entendimiento de la aplicación del instrumento, que puede favorecer la seguridad quirúrgica y la calidad de la asistencia.

Improving adherence to Standard Precautions for the control of health care-associated infections.

BACKGROUND: 'Standard Precautions' refers to a system of actions, such as using personal protective equipment or adhering to safe handling of needles, that healthcare workers take to reduce the spread of germs in healthcare settings such as hospitals and nursing homes. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions that target healthcare workers to improve adherence to Standard Precautions in patient care. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, two other databases, and two trials registers. We applied no language restrictions. The date of the most recent search was 14 February 2017. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised trials of individuals, cluster-randomised trials, non-randomised trials, controlled before-after studies, and interrupted time-series studies that evaluated any intervention to improve adherence to Standard Precautions by any healthcare worker with responsibility for patient care in any hospital, long-term care or community setting, or artificial setting, such as a classroom or a learning laboratory. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data from eligible trials, and assessed risk of bias for each included study, using standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Because of substantial heterogeneity among interventions and outcome measures, meta-analysis was not warranted. We used the GRADE approach to assess certainty of evidence and have presented results narratively in 'Summary of findings' tables. MAIN RESULTS: We included eight studies with a total of 673 participants; three studies were conducted in Asia, two in Europe, two in North America, and one in Australia. Five studies were randomised trials, two were cluster-randomised trials, and one was a non-randomised trial. Three studies compared different educational approaches versus no education, one study compared education with visualisation of respiratory particle dispersion versus education alone, two studies compared education with additional infection control support versus no intervention, one study compared peer evaluation versus no intervention, and one study evaluated use of a checklist and coloured cues. We considered all studies to be at high risk of bias with different risks. All eight studies used different measures to assess healthcare workers' adherence to Standard Precautions. Three studies also assessed healthcare workers' knowledge, and one measured rates of colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among residents and staff of long-term care facilities. Because of heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures, we did not conduct a meta-analysis.Education may slightly improve both healthcare workers' adherence to Standard Precautions (three studies; four centres) and their level of knowledge (two studies; three centres; low certainty of evidence for both outcomes).Education with visualisation of respiratory particle dispersion probably improves healthcare workers' use of facial protection but probably leads to little or no difference in knowledge (one study; 20 nurses; moderate certainty of evidence for both outcomes).Education with additional infection control support may slightly improve healthcare workers' adherence to Standard Precautions (two studies; 44 long-term care facilities; low certainty of evidence) but probably leads to little or no difference in rates of health care-associated colonisation with MRSA (one study; 32 long-term care facilities; moderate certainty of evidence).Peer evaluation probably improves healthcare workers' adherence to Standard Precautions (one study; one hospital; moderate certainty of evidence).Checklists and coloured cues probably improve healthcare workers' adherence to Standard Precautions (one study; one hospital; moderate certainty of evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Considerable variation in interventions and in outcome measures used, along with high risk of bias and variability in the certainty of evidence, makes it difficult to draw conclusions about effectiveness of the interventions. This review underlines the need to conduct more robust studies evaluating similar types of interventions and using similar outcome measures.

Fraturas maxilomandibulares no hospital de ensino: perfil epidemiológico e percepção dos usuários / Maxillomandibular fractures teaching hospital: epidemiological profile and perception of users

Investigar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com fraturas no complexo maxilomandibular e compreender a percepção desses usuários quanto ao evento trauma maxilomandibular. Método: Adotou-se o método misto, mediante uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de julho a novembro de 2014, nos retornos dos usuários juanto ao serviço odontológico. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada, com informações sociodemográficas dos usuários e três perguntas norteadoras. O referencial metodológico utilizado foi a análise de conteúdo de Bardin e a Teoria Geral da Enfermagem de Orem. Resultados: Predominaram indivíduos do sexo masculino, jovens, vítimas de acidentes com veículos mootorizados, com fraturas na mandíbula. Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados neste estudo permitem considerar que os indivíduos, vítimas de trauma de face e bloqueio intermaxilar, apresentam déficit no autocuidado, sobretudo nos aspectos da higienização bucal e alimentação, além de comunicação verbal prejudicada, que pode comprometer ainda mais suas necessidades...