Self-Assembled Tetranuclear Square Complex of Chromium(III) Bridged by Radical Pyrazine: A Molecular Model for Metal-Organic Magnets.

The attractive electronic properties of metal-pyrazine materials─electrical conductivity, magnetic order, and strong magnetic coupling─can be tuned in a wide range depending on the metal employed, as well as its ligand-imposed redox environment. Using solvent-directed synthesis to control the dimensionality of such systems, a discrete tetranuclear chromium(III) complex, exhibiting a rare example of bridging radical pyrazine, has been prepared from chromium(II) triflate and neutral pyrazine. The strong antiferromagnetic interaction between CrIII (S = 3/2) and radical pyrazine (S = 1/2) spins, theoretically estimated at about -932 K, leads to a thermally isolated ST = 4 ground state, which remains the only populated state observable even at room temperature.

Thermal Jahn-Teller Distortion Changes and Slow Relaxation of Magnetization in Mn(III) Schiff Base Complexes.

The impact that the anion and alkyl group has on the electronic structures and magnetic properties of four mononuclear Mn(III) complexes is explored in [Mn(salEen-Br)2]Y (salEen-Br = 2-{[2-(ethylamino)ethylimino]methyl}-4-Br-phenol; Y = ClO4- 1 and BF4-·1/3CH2Cl2 2) and [Mn(salBzen-Br)2]Y (salBzen-Br = 2-{[2-(benzylamino)ethylimino]methyl}-4-Br-phenol; Y = ClO4- 3 and BF4- 4). X-ray structures of [Mn(salEen-Br)2]ClO4·0.45C6H14 1-hexane, [Mn(salEen-Br)2]BF4·0.33CH2Cl2·0.15C6H14 2-dcm-hexane, and 3-4 reveal that they crystallize in ambient conditions in the monoclinic P21/c space group. Lowering the temperature, 2-dcm-hexane uniquely exhibits a structural phase transition toward a monoclinic P21/n crystal structure determined at 100 K with the unit cell trebling in size. Remarkably, at room temperature, the axially elongated Jahn-Teller axis in 2-dcm-hexane is poorly defined but becomes clearer at low temperature after the phase transition. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1-4 reveal that only 3 and 4 show slow relaxation of magnetization with Δeff/kB = 27.9 and 20.7 K, implying that the benzyl group is important for observing single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the alkyl group subtly influences the orbital levels and therefore very likely the observed SMM properties.

Light-Induced, Structural Matrix Guided Stepwise Spin-State Switching in 3d-5d Molecular Assembly.

A new iron(II) molecular complex {[W(CN)8][Fe(bik*)3]2}BF4·7H2O·1.5CH3OH (1.7H2O·1.5CH3OH) was synthesized using a versatile octacyanotungstate(V) building block and N-donor bidentate ligand (bik* = bis(1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ketone) and detailed characterizations were carried out. The crystal structure of 1.7H2O·1.5CH3OH is composed of an ionic salt from one anionic [W(CN)8]3- unit, two isolated cationic [Fe(bik*)3]2+ units, and one BF4- counteranion in the asymmetric unit. Magnetic studies of 1.7H2O·1.5CH3OH display interesting two-step reversible thermo-induced spin-state switching and the partially desolvated form 1.7H2O shows a photomagnetic effect at low temperatures. Additionally, the physical properties of 1.7H2O·1.5CH3OH were compared with the monomeric unit of {[Fe(bik*)3]2}·4ReO4·H2O (2.H2O) and detailed photophysical investigations were also performed to study the effect of a structural matrix {[W(CN)8]3- and ReO4- unit} on the spin-state switching properties of the [Fe(bik*)3]2+ unit in both systems (1.7H2O·1.5CH3OH and 2.H2O).

Slow magnetic relaxation in a europium(II) complex.

Single-ion anisotropy is vital for the observation of Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) properties (i.e., a slow dynamics of the magnetization) in lanthanide-based systems. In the case of europium, the occurrence of this phenomenon has been inhibited by the spin and orbital quantum numbers that give way to J = 0 in the trivalent state and the half-filled population of the 4f orbitals in the divalent state. Herein, by optimizing the local crystal field of a quasi-linear bis(silylamido) EuII complex, the [EuII(N{SiMePh2}2)2] SMM is described, providing an example of a europium complex exhibiting slow relaxation of its magnetization. This behavior is dominated by a thermally activated (Orbach-like) mechanism, with an effective energy barrier of approximately 8 K, determined by bulk magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance. Ab initio calculations confirm second-order spin-orbit coupling effects lead to non-negligible axial magnetic anisotropy, splitting the ground state multiplet into four Kramers doublets, thereby allowing for the observation of an Orbach-like relaxation at low temperatures.

Alkyl chain length influence of the functionalized diethanolamine ligand on the slow relaxation of the magnetization in {CoIII3DyIII3} complexes.

We report the synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties of a series of Co(III)/Dy(III) complexes built up from an N-alkyl derivatized amino-alcohol ligand diethanolamine, functionalized with CnH2n+1 alkyl chains (n = 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10). While n = 3 afforded a butterfly {CoIII2DyIII2} core, the other alkyl chains (n = 4, 6, 8) afforded hexanuclear triangle-in-triangle {CoIII3DyIII3} complexes as shown by single-crystal X-ray determinations. Infrared spectroscopy allows us to characterize the C10 derivative complex, which did not crystallize. Magnetic ac susceptibility data collected below 10 K at driving frequencies up to 10 kHz under zero-dc field and up to 1 T provide insight into the SMM behaviour of the studied complexes. The characteristic time of the magnetization dynamics can be understood in terms of the competing Raman, Direct and Orbach-like mechanisms. A relationship between the magnetization dynamics within the family of complexes and the increasing alkyl chain length is discussed.

Isolation of a Bent Dysprosium Bis(amide) Single-Molecule Magnet.

The isolation of formally two-coordinate lanthanide (Ln) complexes is synthetically challenging, due to predominantly ionic Ln bonding regimes favoring high coordination numbers. In 2015, it was predicted that a near-linear dysprosium bis(amide) cation [Dy{N(SiiPr3)2}2]+ could provide a single-molecule magnet (SMM) with an energy barrier to magnetic reversal (Ueff) of up to 2600 K, a 3-fold increase of the record Ueff for a Dy SMM at the time; this work showed a potential route to SMMs that can provide high-density data storage at higher temperatures. However, synthetic routes to a Dy complex containing only two monodentate ligands have not previously been realized. Here, we report the synthesis of the target bent dysprosium bis(amide) complex, [Dy{N(SiiPr3)2}2][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (1-Dy), together with the diamagnetic yttrium analogue. We find Ueff = 950 ± 30 K for 1-Dy, which is much lower than the predicted values for idealized linear two-coordinate Dy(III) cations. Ab initio calculations of the static electronic structure disagree with the experimentally determined height of the Ueff barrier, thus magnetic relaxation is faster than expected based on magnetic anisotropy alone. We propose that this is due to enhanced spin-phonon coupling arising from the flexibility of the Dy coordination sphere, in accord with ligand vibrations being of equal importance to magnetic anisotropy in the design of high-temperature SMMs.

A Remarkably Unsymmetric Hexairon Core Embraced by Two High-Symmetry Tripodal Oligo-α-pyridylamido Ligands.

Oligo-α-pyridylamides offer an appealing route to polyiron complexes with short Fe-Fe separations and large room-temperature magnetic moments. A derivative of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (H6tren) containing three oligo-α-pyridylamine branches and 13 nitrogen donors (H6L) reacts with [Fe2(Mes)4] to yield an organic nanocage built up by two tripodal ligands with interdigitated branches (HMes = mesitylene). The nanocage has crystallographic D3 symmetry but hosts a remarkably unsymmetric hexairon-oxo core, with a central Fe5(µ5-O) square pyramid, two oxygen donors bridging basal sites, and an additional Fe center residing in one of the two tren-like pockets. Bond valence sum (BVS) analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and electrochemical data were then used to establish the protonation state of oxygen atoms and the formal oxidation states of the metals. For this purpose, a specialized set of BVS parameters was devised for Fe2+-N3- bonds with nitrogen donors of oligo-α-pyridylamides. This allowed us to formulate the compound as [Fe6O2(OH)(H3L)L], with nominally four FeII ions and two FeIII ions. Mössbauer spectra indicate that the compound contains two unique FeII sites, identified as a pair of closely spaced hydroxo-bridged metal ions in the central Fe5(µ5-O) pyramid, and a substantially valence-delocalized FeII2FeIII2 unit. Broken-symmetry DFT calculations predict strong ferromagnetic coupling between the two iron(II) ions, leading to a local S = 4 state that persists to room temperature and explaining the large magnetic moment measured at 300 K. The compound behaves as a single-molecule magnet, with magnetization dynamics detectable in zero static field and dominated by an Orbach-like mechanism with activation parameters Ueff/kB = 49(2) K and τ0 = 4(2) × 10-10 s.

ON/OFF Photo(switching) along with Reversible Spin-State Change and Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformation in a Mixed-Valence Fe(II)Fe(III) Molecular System.

A mixed-valence Fe(II)Fe(III) molecular system, {[Fe(pzTp)(CN)3]2[Fe(bik)2]2}·[Fe(pzTp)(CN)3]2·4MeOH (1·4MeOH) (bik = bis-(1-methylimidazolyl)-2-methanone, pzTp = tetrakis(pyrazolyl)borate), exhibits single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation while increasing the temperature and is converted into {[Fe(pzTp)(CN)3]2[Fe(bik)2]2}·[Fe(pzTp)(CN)3]2 (1). Both complexes exhibit thermo-induced spin-state switching behavior along with reversible SC-SC transformation, where the low-temperature [FeIIILSFeIILS]2 phase transforms into a high-temperature [FeIIILSFeIIHS]2 phase. 1·4MeOH exhibits an abrupt spin-state switching with T1/2 at 355 K, whereas 1 undergoes a gradual and reversible spin-state switching with a lower T1/2 at 338 K. Astonishingly, 1 exhibits ON/OFF photo-induced spin-state switching with TLIESST = 67 K, whereas 1·4MeOH does not show such an effect.

From an antiferromagnetic insulator to a strongly correlated metal in square-lattice MCl2(pyrazine)2 coordination solids.

Electronic synergy between metal ions and organic linkers is a key to engineering molecule-based materials with a high electrical conductivity and, ultimately, metallicity. To enhance conductivity in metal-organic solids, chemists aim to bring the electrochemical potentials of the constituent metal ions and bridging organic ligands closer in a quest to obtain metal-d and ligand-π admixed frontier bands. Herein, we demonstrate the critical role of the metal ion in tuning the electronic ground state of such materials. While VCl2(pyrazine)2 is an electrical insulator, TiCl2(pyrazine)2 displays the highest room-temperature electronic conductivity (5.3 S cm-1) for any metal-organic solid involving octahedrally coordinated metal ions. Notably, TiCl2(pyrazine)2 exhibits Pauli paramagnetism consistent with the specific heat, supporting the existence of a Fermi liquid state (i.e., a correlated metal). This result widens perspectives for designing molecule-based systems with strong metal-ligand covalency and electronic correlations.

Lanthanide-mediated tuning of electronic and magnetic properties in heterotrimetallic cyclooctatetraenyl multidecker self-assemblies.

The synthesis of a novel family of homoleptic COT-based heterotrimetallic self-assemblies bearing the formula [LnKCa(COT)3(THF)3] (Ln(iii) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) is reported followed by their X-ray crystallographic and magnetic characterization. All crystals conform to the monoclinic P21/c space group with a slight compression of the unit cell from 3396.4(2) Å3 to 3373.2(4) Å3 along the series. All complexes exhibit a triple-decker structure having the Ln(iii) and K(i) ions sandwiched by three COT2- ligands with an end-bound {Ca2+(THF)3} moiety to form a non-linear (153.5°) arrangement of three different metals. The COT2- ligands act in a η8-mode with respect to all metal centers. A detailed structural comparison of this unique set of heterotrimetallic complexes has revealed consistent trends along the series. From Gd to Yb, the Ln to ring-centroid distance decreases from 1.961(3) Å to 1.827(2) Å. In contrast, the separation of K(i) and Ca(ii) ions from the COT-centroid (2.443(3) and 1.914(3) Å, respectively) is not affected by the change of Ln(iii) ions. The magnetic property investigation of the [LnKCa(COT)3(THF)3] series (Ln(iii) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) reveals that the Dy, Er, and Tm complexes display slow relaxation of their magnetization, in other words, single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties. This behaviour is dominated by thermally activated (Orbach-like) and quantum tunneling processes for [DyKCa(COT)3(THF)3] in contrast to [ErKCa(COT)3(THF)3], in which the thermally activated and Raman processes appear to be relevant. Details of the electronic structures and magnetic properties of these complexes are further clarified with the help of DFT and ab initio theoretical calculations.

A linear metal-metal bonded tri-iron single-molecule magnet.

The linear trinuclear complex cation [Fe3(DpyF)4]2+ was prepared as [Fe3(DpyF)4](BF4)2·2CH3CN. With large Fe-Fe distances of 2.78 Å, this complex demonstrates intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling between the anisotropic FeII centers (J/kB = +20.9(5) K) giving an ST = 6 ground state and exhibits single-molecule magnet properties.

Tetranuclear Cr-Ln ferrocenecarboxylate complexes with a defect-dicubane structure: synthesis, magnetism, and thermolysis.

Using ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCO2H) and triethanolamine (H3tea) as ligands, the isostructural heterotrimetallic complexes [LnIII2CrIII2(OH)2(FcCO2)4(NO3)2(Htea)2]·2MePh·2THF (Ln = Tb (1), Dy (2), Ho (3), Er (4), and Y (5); Fc = (η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5)Fe; H3tea = N(CH2CH2OH)3) were obtained. In all of the complexes which possess a defective dicubane structure, two doubly deprotonated triethanolamine ligands chelate the chromium ions. However, during the synthesis of 1, an isomeric complex 1a in which Tb3+ is chelated by triethanolamine as a tetradentate ligand, was also isolated as a few single crystals. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed dominant antiferromagnetic interactions in the {LnIII2CrIII2} cores of 1-4 leading to the formation of complexes with an uncompensated magnetic moment, while weak Cr-Cr ferromagnetic interactions were detected in the Y analogue. Complexes 1, 2, and 3 exhibit single-molecule magnet properties dominated by an Orbach-type relaxation mechanism with magnetization reversal barriers (Δ/kB) estimated around 54, 75, and 47 K, respectively. The Dy complex exhibits a magnetization hysteresis in an applied magnetic field at temperatures below 4 K. Thermolysis of the complexes was studied by TGA and DSC techniques; the final products obtained under an air atmosphere contain mixed oxide Cr0.75Fe1.25O3 and heterotrimetallic oxide LnCr1-xFexO3 (with x ≈ 0.75) phases.

Room-Temperature Magnetic Bistability in a Salt of Organic Radical Ions.

Cocrystallization of 7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane radical anion (TCNQ-•) and 3-methylpyridinium-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl radical cation (3-MepyDTDA+•) afforded isostructural acetonitrile (MeCN) or propionitrile (EtCN) solvates containing cofacial π dimers of homologous components. Loss of lattice solvent from the diamagnetic solvates above 366 K affords a high-temperature paramagnetic phase containing discrete TCNQ-• and weakly bound π dimers of 3-MepyDTDA+•, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction methods and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Below 268 K, a first-order phase transition occurs, leading to a low-temperature diamagnetic phase with TCNQ-• σ dimer and π dimers of 3-MepyDTDA+•. This study reveals the first example of cooperative interactions between two different organic radical ions leading to magnetic bistability, and these results are central to the future design of multicomponent functional molecular materials.

Thermo- and photoinduced spin state switching in an iron(II) 2D coordination network associated with large light-induced thermal hysteresis and tuning of dimensionality via ligand modulation.

Three iron(ii) complexes, [Fe(L1)2(NCS)2(MeOH)2] (1), [Fe(L1)2(NCSe)2(MeOH)2] (2), and [Fe(L2)2(NCS)2]n (3) (L1 = 2,5-dipyridyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and L2 = 2,5-diethynylpyridinyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), have been synthesized using redox-active luminescent ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)-based ligands, and characterized by variable temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, (photo)magnetic, optical reflectivity, and spectroscopy studies. Magneto-structural investigations revealed that 1 and 2 are mononuclear with a FeN4O2 octahedral coordination geometry and remain in a high-spin (HS) (S = 2) state in a temperature range of 2-280 K. Interestingly, a 2D coordination network structure with FeN6 surrounding each iron center was observed for 3, which exhibits reversible thermo-induced spin-state switching between the paramagnetic high-spin (HS) (S = 2) and diamagnetic low-spin (LS) (S = 0) states at around 105 K (T1/2). Furthermore, optical reflectivity and photomagnetic measurements at low temperature confirmed that 3 shows reversible ON/OFF switching between the photoinduced excited paramagnetic HS metastable state and diamagnetic LS state under light irradiation (ON mode using red light and OFF mode using green light). Finally, the photoinduced excited HS state can be reversibly relaxed back to the diamagnetic ground LS state by heating the system at ca. 88 K (TLIESST = 88 K) (light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) effect). Furthermore, 3 also showed an exciting and unique 18 K wide light-induced thermal hysteresis (LITH) effect above liquid nitrogen temperature (100 K). DFT and CASSCF level theoretical calculations were utilized to better understand the magneto-structural correlations of these complexes.

Reversible Photo- and Thermo-Induced Spin-State Switching in a Heterometallic {5d-3d} W2Fe2 Molecular Square Complex.

Following the complex-as-a-ligand strategy, self-assembly of [W(CN)8]3- and iron(II) with bidentate nitrogen donor ligand bik (bik = bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ketone) ligand affords a cyanide-bridged [W2Fe2] molecular square complex [HNBu3]2{[W(CN)8]2[Fe(bik)2]2}·6H2O·CH3OH (1). The complex was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, (photo)magnetic studies, optical reflectivity, electrochemical studies, and spectroscopic studies. Structural analyses revealed that in the [W2Fe2] square motif tungsten(V) and iron(II) centers reside in an alternate corner of the square and are bridged by the cyanide ligands. Complex 1 exhibits thermo-induced spin crossover (SCO) between {WV (S = 1/2) - FeIILS (S = 0)} and {WV (S = 1/2) - FeIIHS (S = 2)} pairs near room temperature and photoinduced spin-state switching with TLIESST = 70 K under light irradiation at low temperature. To the best of our knowledge, 1 represents the first complex containing iron(II) and [WV(CN)8]3- units exhibiting both SCO and photomagnetic effect.

Reversible Spin-State Switching and Tuning of Nuclearity and Dimensionality via Nonlinear Pseudohalides in Cobalt(II) Complexes.

The self-assembly of a macrocyclic tetradentate ligand, cobalt(II) tetrafluoroborate, and nonlinear pseudohalides (dicyanamide and tricyanomethanide) has led to two cobalt(II) complexes, {[Co(L)(µ1,5-dca)](BF4)·MeOH}n (1) and [Co2(L)2(µ1,5-tcm)2](BF4)2 (2) (L = N,N'-di-tert-butyl-2,11-diaza[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane; dca- = dicyanamido; tcm- = tricyanomethanido). Both complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrochemical studies. Structural analyses revealed that 1 displays a one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer containing [Co(L)]2+ repeating units bridged by µ1,5-dicyanamido groups in cis positions, while 2 represents a discreate dinuclear cobalt(II) molecule bridged by two µ1,5-tricyanomethanido groups in a cis conformation. Both complexes have a CoN6 coordination environment around each cobalt center offered by the tetradentate ligand and cis coordinating bridging ligands. Complex 1 exhibits a high-spin (S = 3/2) state of cobalt(II) in the temperature range of 2-300 K with a weak ferromagnetic coupling between two dicyanamido-bridged cobalt(II) centers. Interestingly, complex 2 exhibits reversible spin-state switching associated with spin-spin coupling. Complexes 1 and 2 also exhibit interesting redox-stimuli-based reversible paramagnetic high-spin cobalt(II) to diamagnetic low-spin cobalt(III) conversion, offering an additional way to switch magnetic properties. A detailed theoretical calculation was consistent with the stated results.

Metal-organic magnets with large coercivity and ordering temperatures up to 242°C.

Magnets derived from inorganic materials (e.g., oxides, rare-earth-based, and intermetallic compounds) are key components of modern technological applications. Despite considerable success in a broad range of applications, these inorganic magnets suffer several drawbacks, including energetically expensive fabrication, limited availability of certain constituent elements, high density, and poor scope for chemical tunability. A promising design strategy for next-generation magnets relies on the versatile coordination chemistry of abundant metal ions and inexpensive organic ligands. Following this approach, we report the general, simple, and efficient synthesis of lightweight, molecule-based magnets by postsynthetic reduction of preassembled coordination networks that incorporate chromium metal ions and pyrazine building blocks. The resulting metal-organic ferrimagnets feature critical temperatures up to 242°C and a 7500-oersted room-temperature coercivity.

ON/OFF Photoswitching and Thermoinduced Spin Crossover with Cooperative Luminescence in a 2D Iron(II) Coordination Polymer.

A 2D coordination polymer, {[Fe(L)2(NCSe)2]·6MeOH·14H2O}n (1; L = 2,5-dipyridylethynylene-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), has been synthesized based on a redox active luminescence ligand. 1 possesses a 2D [4 × 4] square-grid network where the iron(II) center is in a FeN6 octahedral coordination environment. 1 displays reversible thermoinduced high-spin (HS; S = 2) to diamagnetic low-spin (LS; S = 0) ON/OFF spin-state switching with a T1/2 value of 150 K. Interestingly, optical reflectivity and photomagnetic studies at 10 K under light irradiation revealed an efficient conversion to a photoinduced metastable HS excited state from a LS ground state. Remarkably, the photoexcited HS state can be reversibly switched ON and OFF by using 625 and 850 nm light-emitting-diode lights. Intriguingly, the thermal dependence of the luminescence intensity of the maximum emission at 524 nm for 1 shows a minimum at around the spin-crossover (SCO) temperature, indicating a cooperative nature between the SCO and luminescence properties. Theoretical calculations confirmed the above findings.

Two-Step Thermoinduced Metal-to-Metal Electron Transfer and ON/OFF Photoswitching in a Molecular [Fe2Co2] Square Complex.

A cyanide-bridged [Fe2Co2] molecular square complex, {[Fe(Tp)(CN)3]2[Co(L)2]2}(BF4)2·2CH3CN·6H2O [1; Tp = hydrotris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate and L = bis(1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ketone], has been synthesized and characterized fully by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, (photo)magnetic measurements, optical reflectivity, and other physical measurements. 1 exhibits a two-step metal-to-metal electron-transfer (MMET)-induced spin transition accompanied by thermal hysteresis (T1/2↑ = 332 and 407 K and T1/2↓ = 320 and 405 K, respectively), converting the low-temperature diamagnetic {FeIILS-CN-CoIIILS} ground state into the high-temperature paramagnetic {FeIIILS-CN-CoIIHS} state. Additionally, 1 displays reversible photoinduced MMET under light irradiation (ON mode using 808 nm laser light and OFF mode using 532 nm laser light), as confirmed by optical reflectivity and (photo)magnetic measurements. The photoinduced paramagnetic metastable state relaxes back to the diamagnetic ground state at 91 K (TLIESST = 91 K). Astonishingly, 1 also exhibits a 27 K wide light-induced thermal hysteresis below 100 K. The overall results show that 1 is a multistimuli-responsive bistable material that exhibits reversible switching between the diamagnetic state, {FeIILS-CN-CoIIILS}, and the paramagnetic state, {FeIIILS-CN-CoIIHS}, under the application of temperature and light.

Asymmetric Dinuclear Lanthanide(III) Complexes from the Use of a Ligand Derived from 2-Acetylpyridine and Picolinoylhydrazide: Synthetic, Structural and Magnetic Studies.

A family of four Ln(III) complexes has been synthesized with the general formula [Ln2(NO3)4(L)2(S)] (Ln = Gd, Tb, Er, and S = H2O; 1, 2 and 4, respectively/Ln = Dy, S = MeOH, complex 3), where HL is the flexible ditopic ligand N'-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)pyridine-2-carbohydrazide. The structures of isostructural MeOH/H2O solvates of these complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The two LnIII ions are doubly bridged by the deprotonated oxygen atoms of two "head-to-head" 2.21011 (Harris notation) L¯ ligands, forming a central, nearly rhombic {LnIII2(µ-OR)2}4+ core. Two bidentate chelating nitrato groups complete a sphenocoronal 10-coordination at one metal ion, while two bidentate chelating nitrato groups and one solvent molecule (H2O or MeOH) complete a spherical capped square antiprismatic 9-coordination at the other. The structures are critically compared with those of other, previously reported metal complexes of HL or L¯. The IR spectra of 1-4 are discussed in terms of the coordination modes of the organic and inorganic ligands involved. The f-f transitions in the solid-state (diffuse reflectance) spectra of the Tb(III), Dy(III), and Er(III) complexes have been fully assigned in the UV/Vis and near-IR regions. Magnetic susceptibility studies in the 1.85-300 K range reveal the presence of weak, intramolecular GdIII∙∙∙GdIII antiferromagnetic exchange interactions in 1 [J/kB = -0.020(6) K based on the spin Hamiltonian H = -2J(SGd1∙ SGd2)] and probably weak antiferromagnetic LnIII∙∙∙LnIII exchange interactions in 2-4. Ac susceptibility measurements in zero dc field do not show frequency dependent out-of-phase signals, and this experimental fact is discussed for 3 in terms of the magnetic anisotropy axis for each DyIII center and the oblate electron density of this metal ion. Complexes 3 and 4 are Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs) and this behavior is optimally observed under external dc fields of 600 and 1000 Oe, respectively. The magnetization relaxation pathways are discussed and a satisfactory fit of the temperature and field dependencies of the relaxation time τ was achieved considering a model that employs Raman, direct, and Orbach relaxation mechanisms.