Prenatal Diagnosis of Umbilical Cord Angiomyxoma: Case Studies and Literature Review of 45 Cases.

We describe two cases of umbilical cord (UC) angiomyxoma diagnosed prenatally by sonography in the second trimester of pregnancy. In both cases, a complex mass was detected at the placental insertion site, characterized by an echoic nodule surrounding the umbilical vessels and distal edematous Wharton's jelly. Follow-up scans showed that the mass grew mainly at the expense of its edematous component, with normal uteroplacental Dopplers throughout the remaining of the pregnancy. However, late-onset fetal growth restriction complicated the progress of pregnancy, requiring delivery by Cesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation in both cases. Neonatal courses were unremarkable. An extensive review of the English literature was also performed, collecting 45 similar cases including ours. Our experience as well as the review of the literature confirms that UC angiomyxoma is an uncommon, sporadic condition that is usually detected incidentally during prenatal sonography and presents as an isolated finding. Nevertheless, it represents a high-risk condition for pregnancy complications including prematurity, fetal growth restriction, and fetal demise.

Tuberculosis diseminada de médula ósea en pacientes VIH etapa SIDA. Reporte de 2 casos / Disseminated bone marrow tuberculosis in aids stage hiv (+) patients. 2 case reports

La tuberculosis extrapulmonar se define como tuberculosis que involucra a un órgano diferente al pulmón. Ocurre secundario a una diseminación de un foco pulmonar, la cual se favorece en estados de inmunosupresión, como es en el caso de pacientes portadores de VIH. Dentro de las localizaciones menos frecuentes, se encuentra la médula ósea. En la actualidad no existen reportes de casos de esta forma de tuberculosis extrapulmonar en pacientes VIH. En este artículo reportamos dos casos de pacientes con VIH etapa SIDA con diseminación en médula ósea. Este reporte destaca la importancia de tener presente esta complicación y realizar un estudio amplio, que incluya cultivo de Koch y tinción de Ziehl Nielsen de las muestras obtenidas, especialmente en este tipo de pacientes que pueden presentar clínica pobre e inespecífica.

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is defined to be tuberculosis involving any organ other than the lung. Immune suppressed states such as being HIV (+) favor dissemination from pulmonary foci. Bone marrow is one of the least frequent locations. At present there are no recorded cases of this form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV (+) patients. We present two cases of HIV (+) patients in the AIDS stage with bone marrow dissemination. This reports underlines the importance of considering this complication and doing a comprehensive study, including testing samples using Koch culture and Ziehl Nielsen stains, especially in patients with few and non-specific clinical signs.