Challenges in diagnosing vaginal mass in a pregnant woman with an underlying duplex collecting system disease: a case report.

Congenital renal anomalies are a sequence of defective renal parenchymal or collecting system development and migration that may be discovered during the prenatal period or incidentally among adults. Duplex collecting system diagnosing in adults represents a challenge to physicians. Long-term history of urinary tract infections besides vaginal mass in pregnant women should raise the suspicion of underlying urinary tract malformation. Case presentation: In this case, a 23-year-old pregnant woman at 32 weeks came to the clinic for a routine check-up. A vaginal mass had been noticed during the examination and was punctured, revealing unknown fluid. Further investigations revealed left duplex collecting system consisted of an upper moiety opening with a ureterocele in the anterior wall of the vagina and a lower moiety ending with an ectopic orifice near the right ureter orifice. Therefore, the modified Lich-Gregoir procedure was done to reimplant the ureter of the upper renal moiety. Postoperative following-up investigations affirmed improvement without complications. Clinical discussion: The duplex collecting system disease may remain asymptomatic until adulthood or present with unexpected symptoms. The subsequent workup in the duplex kidney disease depends on the moieties' function and the ureter orifice opening site. Although the Weigert-Meyer rule is usually used to describe the typical pattern of duplex collecting system ureters opening sites, it has many expectations in the literature. Conclusion: This case shows how some common symptoms may lead to finding an unexpected urinary tract abnormality.

Stents farmacológicos de segunda geração para tratamento de lesões proximais isoladas da artéria descendente anterior. dados do registro Safira / Second-generation drug-eluting stent treatment for isolated proximal left anterior descending artery stenoses. the Safira registry data

Introdução: A estenose grave do terço proximal da artéria descendente anterior (ADA) é classificada como lesão de alto risco, visto que pode comprometer grande parte do miocárdio ventricular esquerdo. Os stents farmacológicos (SF) de segunda geração têm demonstrado maior eficácia e segurança quando comparados aos não farmacológicos ou aos de primeira geração. São escassos os relatos na literatura do emprego desses dispositivos para o tratamento de lesões isoladas do terço proximal da ADA. Métodos: Estudo observacional e prospectivo, que incluiu pacientes uniarteriais, portadores de lesão de novo no terço proximal da ADA, tratados eletivamente com SF de segunda geração. Avaliamos os desfechos clínicos hospitalares e tardios. Resultados: Foram incluídos 70 pacientes, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (70%), com média de idades de 65,4 ± 11,2 anos e com alta prevalência de diabetes (37%). O quadro clínico mais frequente foi angina estável (57,1%) e metade das lesões era do tipo B2 ou C. Foram tratadas 70 lesões com 71 stents, com sucesso angiográfico de 100%. O desfecho primário composto por óbito cardíaco, infarto não fatal ou revascularização do vaso alvo no seguimento clínico de 2,5 anos ocorreu em 3% dos pacientes. A mortalidade cardíaca foi de 1,5%, e a revascularização da lesão alvo foi necessária em apenas 1,5% dos pacientes. Conclusões: Em pacientes uniarteriais com lesões de novo da ADA proximal, o tratamento eletivo com SF de segunda geração parece ser uma opção segura, com baixas taxas de eventos cardíacos adversos ou necessidade de nova revascularização

Background: Severe stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) is classified as a high-risk lesion, as it may affect a large part of the left ventricular myocardium. Second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to be more effective and safer when compared to bare-metal or first-generation ones. There are few reports in the literature on the use of these devices for the treatment of isolated lesions in the proximal LAD. Methods: Observational and prospective study, which included single-vessel patients with de novo lesions in the proximal LAD, electively treated with second-generation DES. In-hospital and late clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results: Seventy patients were included, most of them males (70%), with a mean age of 65.4 ± 11.2 years and a high prevalence of diabetes (37%). The most common clinical presentation was stable angina (57.1%) and half of the lesions were type B2 or C. A total of 70 lesions were treated with 71 stents, with 100% angiographic success. The primary endpoint, consisting of cardiac death, nonfatal infarction, or target-vessel revascularization during the 2.5-year clinical follow-up, occurred in 3% of the patients. Cardiac death was 1.5%, and target-lesion revascularization was required in only 1.5% of the patients. Conclusions: Elective treatment with second-generation DES seems to be a safe option in single-vessel patients with de novo lesions in the proximal LAD, with low rates of adverse cardiac events or need for additional revascularization procedure

Impacto do Escore SYNTAX no Prognóstico de Pacientes com Doença Multiarterial Tratados por Intervenção Coronária Percutânea / Impact of the SYNTAX Score in the Prognosis of Patients with Multivessel Disease Treated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introdução: O escore SYNTAX estratifica a complexidade angiográfica e estabelece o prognóstico de portadores de doença triarterial e/ou com lesão de tronco, sendo uma importante ferramenta para decidir a melhor estratégia de revascularização. Avaliamos o impacto do escore SYNTAX no prognóstico de pacientes com doença arterial coronariana multiarterial da prática clínica tratados por intervenção coronária percutânea. Métodos: Identificamos no Registro SAFIRA pacientes com acometimento multiarterial tratados eletivamente com stents farmacológicos. Os pacientes foram agrupados em escore SYNTAX ≤ 8; escore SYNTAX > 8 e ≤ 16; e escore SYNTAX > 16, e comparados quanto aos eventos cardíacos adversos maiores. Resultados: No período de 2009 a 2014, identificamos 244 pacientes, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão para o estudo. Foram distribuídos em escore SYNTAX ≤ 8 (n = 61; 25%), > 8 e ≤ 16 (n = 116; 47,5%), e > 16 (n = 67; 27,5%). A média de idade foi de 64,6 ± 11,5 anos e 73% eram do sexo masculino. O escore SYNTAX variou de 1 a 39, com média de 13,4 ± 6,8. No período de 3,6 ± 2,1 anos, observaram-se maiores taxas de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores no grupo > 16 (4,9% vs. 6,9% vs. 11,9%; p < 0,01), às custas de maior revascularização do vaso-alvo (1,6% vs. 2,6% vs. 7,5%; p = 0,08). Quatro casos de trombose ...

Background: The SYNTAX score stratifies the angiographic complexity of coronary artery disease and establishes the prognosis of patients with triple vessel and/or left main coronary artery disease, being an important tool to decide the best revascularization strategy. We assessed the impact of the SYNTAX score in the prognosis of a daily practice population with multivessel coronary artery disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents. Methods: We identified in the SAFIRA Registry elective patients with multivessel coronary artery disease treated with drug-eluting stents. Patients were grouped in SYNTAX score ≤ 8; SYNTAX score > 8 and ≤ 16, and SYNTAX score > 16, and clinical outcomes in terms of major adverse cardiac events were stratified according to the SYNTAX score groups. Resultados: Between 2009 and 2014, we identified 244 patients that met the study inclusion criteria. Patients were distributed in those with SYNTAX score ≤ 8 (n = 61; 25%), > 8 and ≤ 16 (n = 116; 47.5%), and > 16 (n = 67; 27.5%). Mean age was 64.6 ± 11.5 years and 73% were male. The SYNTAX score ranged between 1 and 39, with an average of 13.4 ± 6.8. In the follow-up period of 3.6 ± 2.1 years, there were higher rates of major adverse cardiac events in group > 16 (4.9% vs. 6.9% vs. 11.9%; p < 0.01) due to a higher incidence of target vessel revascularization (1.6% vs. 2.6% vs. 7.5%; p = 0.08). Four cases of definitive or probable ...

Resultados Tardios de Pacientes Submetidos a Implante de Stents Farmacológicos do Registro SAFIRA / Late Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation ? The SAFIRA Registry

Introdução: A doença arterial coronária continua sendo um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública da atualidade e a intervenção coronária percutânea com stents farmacológicos é a forma mais frequente de tratamento desses pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a taxa de desfechos clínicos no seguimento clínico de até 10 anos dos pacientes tratados com stents farmacológicos. Métodos: Pacientes com indicação de ICP foram incluídos de forma prospectiva, independentemente do quadro clínico ou angiográfico de apresentação. O desfecho primário consistiu na avaliação da taxa de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores combinados (óbito cardíaco, infarto agudo do miocárdio não fatal ou necessidade de revascularização do vaso alvo guiada por isquemia) no seguimento clínico tardio. Resultados: No período 2002 a 2012, incluímos 1.632 pacientes, com idade de 64,3 ± 10,9 anos, 71,4% eram do sexo masculino e 31,2% portadores de diabetes mellitus. As taxas de sucesso angiográfico e clínico foram de 99,1% e 96,7%, respectivamente. O seguimento clínico foi realizado em 95,8% dos elegíveis em um tempo médio de seguimento de 3,4 ± 2,6 anos. O desfecho primário ocorreu em 246 pacientes (15,9%), com taxas de óbito cardíaco de 6,4%, infarto do miocárdio de 3,6% e revascularização do vaso alvo de 5,5%. A trombose do stent foi verificada em 40 pacientes (2,4%). Conclusões: Nesta experiência da prática clínica diária, a utilização dos stents farmacológicos demonstrou resultados clínicos favoráveis agudos e no longo prazo no tratamento de uma população não selecionada de pacientes com doença arterial coronária e graus variáveis de complexidade clínica e angiográfica.

Background: Coronary artery disease remains a major public healthcare problem worldwide and percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents is the most frequent treatment option for these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of clinical events in up to 10 years of clinical follow-up of patients treated with drug-eluting stents. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with an indication for percutaneous coronary intervention despite their clinical or angiographic presentation. The primary endpoint consisted of the evaluation of the composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction or the need of ischemia guided target vessel revascularization) in the late clinical follow-up. Results: From 2002 to 2012, we included 1,632 patients with mean age of 64.3 ± 10.9 years, 71.4% were male and 31.2% had diabetes mellitus. The angiographic and clinical success rates were 99.1% and 96.7%, respectively. Follow-up was obtained in 95.8% of the eligible patients at a mean of 3.4 ± 2.6 years. The primary endpoint was observed in 246 patients (15.9%), with rates of cardiac death of 6.4%, myocardial infarction of 3.6% and target vessel revascularization of 5.5%. Stent thrombosis was observed in 40 patients (2.4%). Conclusions: In this clinical practice experience the use of drug-eluting stents demonstrated favorable acute and long-term results in the treatment of a non-selected population of patients with coronary artery disease and variable degrees of clinical and angiographic complexity.

Resultados iniciais e tardios de diabéticos tratados com stents farmacológicos do Registro Safira / Early and late outcomes of diabetic patients treated with drug-eluting stents in the Safira Registry

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento percutâneo da doença arterial coronária foi revolucionado pelo uso dos stents farmacológicos (SF). No entanto, sua utilização na prática diária envolve pacientes com características clínicas e angiográficas mais complexas dos que aquelas encontradas em estudos randomizados. Este registro se propôs a caracterizar, em nosso meio, diabéticos e seus desfechos clínicos após implante de SF. MÉTODOS: Registro unicêntrico, prospectivo, que arrolou pacientes consecutivos submetidos a implante de SF. Foram registrados dados clínicos, angiográficos e do procedimento, assim como os desfechos hospitalares e tardios. A avaliação do desfecho primário, composto por óbito cardíaco, infarto agudo do miocárdio ou revascularização da lesão-alvo, foi realizada comparando-se pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos. RESULTADOS: Avaliamos 1.670 pacientes tratados com SF no período de 2002 a 2012, com seguimento de 3,2 ± 2,5 anos. Um terço dos pacientes era diabético e apresentou sobrevivência livre de eventos menor que os não diabéticos (79,4% vs. 82,6%; P = 0,02). A razão de risco ajustada, no entanto, foi de 1,22 (IC 95%, 0,89-1,69) - não significativa. Ao analisar o subgrupo dos pacientes em uso de insulina, encontramos sobrevivência livre de eventos significativamente menor que a dos demais, enquanto que os diabéticos que não estavam em uso de insulina mostraram comportamento semelhante ao dos não diabéticos (68,7% vs. 83,9% vs. 82,8%, respectivamente; P < 0,01). A razão de risco ajustada foi 1,72 (IC 95%, 1,13-2,63) vez maior para os diabéticos em uso de insulina em comparação aos demais pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de SF traz benefícios para todos os diabéticos, especialmente para os que não utilizam insulina.

BACKGROUND: The percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease has been revolutionized by the use of drug-eluting stents (DES). However, its use in the daily practice involves patients with more complex clinical and angiographic characteristics than those found in randomized trials. This registry was designed to characterize diabetic patients and their outcomes following DES implantation in our country. METHODS: Prospective single-center registry enrolling consecutive patients after DES implantation. Clinical, angiographic and procedure-related data, as well as early and long-term outcomes were recorded. The primary endpoint, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization, was compared between diabetics and non-diabetics. RESULTS: We evaluated 1,670 patients treated with DES from 2002 to 2012 with a follow-up of 3.2 ± 2.5 years. One third of the patients were diabetic and had lower event-free survival when compared to non-diabetic patients (79.4% vs. 82.6%; P = 0.015). The adjusted odds ratio, however, was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.89-1.69) and was not significant. A significantly lower event-free survival was observed in the subgroup of patients receiving insulin, whereas it was similar for diabetic and non-diabetic patients in the subgroup not receiving insulin (68.7% vs. 83.9% vs. 82.8%, respectively; P < 0.01). The adjusted odds ratio was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.13-2.63) higher for diabetic patients receiving insulin when compared to the remaining patients. CONCLUSIONS: The use of DES is beneficial for all diabetic patients, especially those who do not receive insulin.

Stent implantation in surgical cavopulmonary conduit: report of two cases.

Despite advances in Fontan surgery, obstruction in extracardiac ducts may occur and cause clinical deterioration. We report two cases of stent implantation for correction of stenosis in the Fontan surgery. Ascites was a common clinical sign; a patient was protein losing enteropathy. All procedures were angiographically and clinically successful.

Implante de stents em conduto cirúrgico cavopulmonar: relato de dois casos / Stent implantation in surgical cavopulmonary conduit: report of two cases / Implante de stents en conducto quirúrgico cavopulmonar: dos casos clínicos

Apesar dos avanços na cirurgia de Fontan, obstruções nos condutos extracardíacos podem ocorrer e causar deterioração clínica. Relatamos dois casos em que foram realizados implante de stent para correção de estenose na cirurgia de Fontan. Ascite era o sinal clínico comum; um paciente tinha enteropatia perdedora de proteínas.Todos os procedimentos obtiveram sucesso angiográfico e clínico.

Despite advances in Fontan surgery, obstruction in extracardiac ducts may occur and cause clinical deterioration. We report two cases of stent implantation for correction of stenosis in the Fontan surgery. Ascites was a common clinical sign; a patient was protein losing enteropathy. All procedures were angiographically and clinically successful.

Pese a los avances en la cirugía de Fontan, obstrucciones en los conductos extracardíacos pueden producirse y ocasionar deterioro clínico. Relatamos dos casos en que se llevaron a cabo implante de stent para la corrección de estenosis en la cirugía de Fontan. Ascitis era o el signo clínico común; un paciente tenía enteropatía perdedora de proteínas. Todos los procedimientos obtuvieron éxito angiográfico y clínico.

Computational modeling of human head electromagnetics for source localization of milliscale brain dynamics.

Understanding the milliscale (temporal and spatial) dynamics of the human brain activity requires high-resolution modeling of head electromagnetics and source localization of EEG data. We have developed an automated environment to construct individualized computational head models from image segmentation and to estimate conductivity parameters using electrical impedance tomography methods. Algorithms incorporating tissue inhomogeneity and impedance anisotropy in electromagnetics forward simulations have been developed and parallelized. The paper reports on the application of the environment in the processing of realistic head models, including conductivity inverse estimation and lead field generation for use in EEG source analysis.

Angioplastia coronária nas indicações off-label: comparação das vias radial vs. femoral / Coronary angioplasty in off-label indications: comparison of radial vs. femoral approach

Introdução: A via radial é objeto de interesse crescente para procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos por possuir diversas vantagens, entre as quais comodidade para o paciente no pós-procedimento imediato, com retorno precoce a suas atividades, diminuição do tempo de internação, com consequente redução dos custos hospitalares, e baixo índice de complicação do sítio de punção comparativamente à via femoral, reduzindo a taxa de sangramento maior, que, por sua vez, está relacionada ao aumento do risco de morte e eventos isquêmicos. Método: Análise retrospectiva de 1.807 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a angioplastia coronária percutânea (ATC) off-label entre setembro de 2006 e dezembro de 2009. Comparamos os pacientes submetidos a ATC pelas vias radial e femoral em relação às evoluções hospitalar e tardia. Resultados: Predominaram na via radial pacientes mais jovens, do sexo masculino, com menor complexidade angiográfica, fato que se deveu à curva de aprendizado. Houve menor taxa de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM), óbito e revascularização do vasoalvo na via radial, tanto na fase hospitalar como na fase tardia, em virtude do perfil clínico-angiográfico mais favorável. A via femoral foi preditor independente de ECAM hospitalar. A curva de sobrevivência ajustada, no entanto, mostrou que a via de acesso não teve influência significativa nos eventos clínicos a longo prazo. Conclusão: A técnica radial é segura na abordagem de pacientes selecionados com indicação off-label, apresentando resultados clínicos satisfatórios nas evoluções inicial e tardia.

Background: There is increasing interest in the use of the radial approach in diagnostic and therapeutic proceduresdue to several advantages such as patient comfort in the immediate post-procedure with early return to daily routine activities, decreased hospitalization time and consequentreduction of hospital costs and low puncture site complication rates when compared with the femoral approach, reducing the rate of major bleeding, which is in turn related to increased risk of death and ischemic events. Method:Retrospective analysis of 1,807 consecutive patients undergoingoff-label percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) from September 2006 to December 2009.The outcome of patients undergoing PTCA using the radial and femoral approaches during hospitalization and late follow-up were compared. Results: The radial approach prevailed in younger, male patients with lower angiographic complexity, which was due to the learning curve. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), death and target-vessel revascularization rates were lower when the radial approachwas used, both during hospitalization and in the late follow-up due to a more favorable clinical-angiographic profile.The femoral approach was an independent predictor of hospital MACE. The adjusted survival curve, however,showed that the access route did not have a significant impact on long-term clinical events. Conclusion: Thetransradial approach is safe when used in selected patients with off-label indication, providing good clinical results in the early and late follow-up.

Experiência inicial utilizando a via radial no tratamento percutâneo de doença coronária / Initial experience of percutaneous treatment of coronary lesions by radial access

Introdução: A via radial é objeto de interesse crescente para procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, por possuir diversas vantagens, como comodidade para o paciente no pós-procedimento imediato, diminuição do tempo de internação com consequente redução dos custos hospitalares e menor índice de complicações no sítio de punção, quando comparada à via femoral. Método: Realizada análise retrospectiva de 2.027 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea eletiva no período de junho de 2006 a janeiro de 2008. Comparamos os pacientes tratados pelas vias radial e femoral (grupos VR e VF, respectivamente) em relação a características clínicas, angiográficas e do procedimento, e evolução tanto hospitalar como tardia. Resultados: Angioplastia coronária por via radial foi realizada em 27% dos pacientes. O grupo VR mostrou maior número de pacientes do sexo masculino (75% vs. 63,8%; P < 0,001) e com lesões uniarteriais (45,1% vs. 37,3%; P < 0,001). Não encontramos diferença em relação a disfunção do ventrículo esquerdo, tipo de lesão tratada ou uso de inibidor da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa. O sucesso angiográfico foi maior na via radial (99% vs. 97,3%; P = 0,046). Houve menor número de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores com a via radial nas fases tanto hospitalar (0,7% vs. 2%; P = 0,043) como tardia (11,3% vs. 16,3%; P < 0,005), em virtude da menor complexidade clínica e angiográfica dos pacientes. Conclusão: A técnica radial, na curva inicial de aprendizado dos operadores e em pacientes selecionados, mostrou excelentes resultados clínicos quando comparada à femoral. Sua incorporação à prática clínica poderá ser uma opção adicional na abordagem de pacientes com perfil mais complexo.

Background: The radial access is object of increasing interest for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, due to several advantages such as convenience for patients in the early post-procedure period, decreasing hospitalization time with a consequent reduction in hospital costs, and a lower puncture site complication rate when compared to the femoral approach. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 2,027 consecutive patients undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) from June, 2006 to January, 2008, comparing patients undergoing PTCA using radial and femoral access (RA group and FA group, respectively) in relation to clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics, and early and late outcomes. Results: Radial access was used in 27% of the patients. The RA group included a larger number of males (75% vs. 63.8%; P < 0.001) with single vessel disease (45.1% vs. 37.3%; P < 0.001). There were no differences for left ventricular dysfunction, type of lesion or use of IIb/IIIa glycoprotein inhibitor. Angiographic success was greater with radial access (99% vs. 97.3%; P = 0.046). There were fewer major adverse cardiac events (MACE) with the use of radial access both during hospitalization (0.7% vs. 2%; P = 0.043) and the late follow-up (11.3% vs. 16.3%; P < 0.005), due to the lower clinical and angiographic complexity of the patients. Conclusion: The radial technique, in the initial learning curve of operators and in selected patients, showed excellent clinical results when compared to the femoral technique. Its use in the clinical practice might be an additional option in patients with a more complex profile.

Incidência, preditores e impacto clínico dos sangramentos maiores associados à intervenção coronária percutânea / Incidence, predictors and clinical impact of major bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention

Introdução: O sangramento associado ao periprocedimento é uma das complicações mais freqüentes da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incidência, os preditores de sangramento maior e o impacto deste nos eventos adversos após ICP. Método: Realizada análise retrospectiva de 8.739 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a ICP eletiva no período de junho de 1997 a fevereiro de 2008. Comparamos os pacientes que apresentaram ou não sangramento maior (grupos SM e NSM, respectivamente) em relação às características clínicas e angiográficas e do procedimento, e a evolução intra-hospitalar e tardia. Resultados: Sangramento maior ocorreu em 1,6% dos pacientes. O modelo de regressão logística múltipla identificou como fatores preditores independentes de sangramento maior associado à ICP: sexo feminino, idade, cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica prévia e uso dos inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa. O sangramento maior periprocedimento foi preditor independente de insuficiência renal aguda, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e óbito na fase hospitalar e de IAM na fase tardia. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que o sangramento maior associado periprocedimento é preditor independente de eventos adversos nas fases precoce e tardia pós-ICP.

Background: Bleeding is one of the most frequent complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of major bleeding and the impact of this complication on adverse events after PCI. Method: A retrospective analysis of 8,739 consecutive patients who were submitted to elective PCI from June/1997 to February/ 2008 was carried out. We compared patients with or without major bleeding in relation to pre-procedure clinic and angiographic characteristics and in-hospital and late outcomes. Results: Major bleeding was identified in 1.6% of the patients. A multiple logistic regression model identified as independent predictors of major bleeding: female sex, age, previous coronary bypass surgery and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Major bleeding was an independent predictor of in-hospital acute renal failure, myocardial infarction and death and of myocardial infarction in the late follow-up. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that procedure-related major bleeding is an independent predictor of acute and late adverse events post-PCI.

[Batimastat-eluting stent implantation for the treatment of coronary artery disease: results of the Brazilian pilot study]. / Implante de stent eluído com batimastat para o tratamento da doença arterial coronariana: resultados do estudo piloto brasileiro.

OBJECTIVE: The excellent results obtained with sirolimus (rapamicin)-eluting stents for preventing restenosis have motivated the evaluation of other substances with that property. Batimastat is a highly effective metalloproteinase enzyme blocker, with the potential to reduce the degradation of extracellular matrix and to inhibit the migration of smooth muscle cells, with the consequent capacity to control coronary restenosis. METHODS: From October 2001 to April 2002, 34 patients were prospectively selected with de novo lesions in a native coronary artery > 50% and < 100%, which could be treated with stents of 3 to 4 mm in diameter and 18 mm in length. The primary outcome of the study was to assess the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (death of cardiac origin, acute myocardial infarction, and the need for revascularizing the target vessel) by the 30th day and fourth month; the secondary outcome of the study was to assess the rate of coronary restenosis 4 months after implantation and subacute thrombosis by the 30th day. RESULTS: The success rate of the procedure was 97.1%. The primary outcome occurred in 2.9% and 27.2% of the patients by the 30th day and fourth month, respectively. The binary restenosis rate on angiography was 39.3%. No episode of subacute thrombosis occurred. The comparative analysis between groups with and without restenosis showed no significant difference between both, except for late luminal loss, which was greater in G-I. CONCLUSION: Batimastat-eluting stents had a good safety profile; however, they were not effective in controlling coronary restenosis.

Implante de stent eluído com batimastat para o tratamento da doença arterial coronariana: resultados do estudo piloto brasileiro / Batimastat-eluting stent implantation for the treatment of coronary artery disease: results of the Brazilian pilot study

OBJETIVO: Os excelentes resultados obtidos com os stents eluídos com sirolimus (rapamicina) na prevenção da reestenose motivaram a avaliação de outras substâncias que também apresentassem esta propriedade. O batimastat é um bloqueador de alta eficácia da enzima metaloproteinase, com potencial para reduzir a degradação da matriz extracelular e inibir a migração das células musculares lisas, com conseqüente capacidade de controlar a reestenose coronariana. MÉTODOS: De outubro/2001 a abril/2002, foram selecionados prospectivamente, 34 pacientes com lesões "de novo", em artéria coronária nativa, >50 por cento e < 100 por cento, passíveis de tratamento com stents de 3 a 4 mm de diâmetro e de 18 mm de comprimento. O desfecho primário do estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares maiores (morte de origem cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio e necessidade de revascularização do vaso alvo) aos 30 dias e aos 4 meses e o secundário avaliar a taxa de reestenose coronariana após 4 meses do implante e de trombose subaguda aos 30 dias. RESULTADOS: A taxa de sucesso do procedimento foi de 97,1 por cento. O desfecho primário ocorreu em 2,9 por cento e 27,2 por cento dos pacientes aos 30 dias e aos 4 meses respectivamente. A taxa de reestenose binária ao estudo angiográfico foi de 39,3 por cento. Não houve episódio de trombose subaguda. A análise comparativa entre os grupos que apresentaram ou não reestenose não mostrou diferenças significativas entre ambos, exceto na perda luminal tardia, maior no G-I. CONCLUSAO: Os stents eluídos com batimastat apresentaram bom perfil de segurança, entretanto, não se mostraram efetivos no controle da reestenose coronariana.

Artéria coronária única submetida a angioplastia com implante de Stent / Single coronary artery: angioplasty with stent implantation

Relatamos caso de rara anomalia de artéria coronária direita saindo do terço médio da artéria descendente anterior com lesão obstrutiva ateromatosa proximal, imediatamente antes da emergência da coronária direita. O paciente foi submetido a angioplastia com implante de Stent na descendente anterior com sucesso. Há relatos de apenas 7 casos desta anomalia de distribuição na literatura, porém nenhum com tratamento de revascularização percutânea.

Comparison of immediate results and follow-up of patients with single-vessel and multivessel coronary artery disease younger than 50 years of age undergoing coronary stent implantation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the in-hospital results and clinical follow-up of young patients (< 50 years) with multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing stent implantation in native coronary arteries and to compare their results with those of patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 462 patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (G-I) - 388 (84%) patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease; and group II (G-II) - 74 (16%) patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 45 4.9 years, and the clinical findings at presentation and demographic data were similar in both groups. The rate of clinical success was 95% in G-I and 95.8% in G-II (P=0.96), with no difference in regard to in-hospital evolution between the groups. Death, acute myocardial infarction, and the need for myocardial revascularization during clinical follow-up occurred in 10.1% and 11.2% (P=0.92) in G-I and G-II, respectively. By the end of 24 months, the actuarial analysis showed an event-free survival of 84.6 % in G-I and 81.1% in G-II (P=0.57). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous treatment with coronary stent implantation in young patients with multivessel disease may be safe with a high rate of clinical success, a low incidence of in-hospital complications, and a favorable evolution in clinical follow-up.

Resultados imediatos e seguimento de pacientes uniarteriais versus multiarteriais com idade inferior a 50 anos submetidos a implante de stent coronariano / Comparison of immediate results and follow-up of patients with single-vessel and multivessel coronary artery disease younger than 50 years of age undergoing coronary stent implantation

OBJECTIVE: To assess the in-hospital results and clinical follow-up of young patients (< 50 years) with multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing stent implantation in native coronary arteries and to compare their results with those of patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 462 patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (G-I) - 388 (84 percent) patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease; and group II (G-II) - 74 (16 percent) patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 45±4.9 years, and the clinical findings at presentation and demographic data were similar in both groups. The rate of clinical success was 95 percent in G-I and 95.8 percent in G-II (P=0.96), with no difference in regard to in-hospital evolution between the groups. Death, acute myocardial infarction, and the need for myocardial revascularization during clinical follow-up occurred in 10.1 percent and 11.2 percent (P=0.92) in G-I and G-II, respectively. By the end of 24 months, the actuarial analysis showed an event-free survival of 84.6 percent in G-I and 81.1 percent in G-II (P=0.57). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous treatment with coronary stent implantation in young patients with multivessel disease may be safe with a high rate of clinical success, a low incidence of in-hospital complications, and a favorable evolution in clinical follow-up

Percutaneous stent implantation for treating multivessel coronary disease in patients with and without involvement of the proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery.

OBJECTIVE: To assess coronary stent placement in patients with multivessel coronary disease and involvement of the proximal portion of the anterior descending coronary artery. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the in-hospital and late evolution of 189 patients with multivessel coronary disease, who underwent percutaneous coronary stent placement. These patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: group I (GI) - 59 patients with involvement of the proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery; and group II (GII) - 130 patients without involvement of the proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the success rate of the procedure (91.5% versus 97.6%, p=0.86), nor in the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (5.1% versus 1.5%, p=0.38), nor in the occurrence of major vascular complications (1.7% versus 0%, p=0.69) in the in-hospital phase. In the late follow-up, the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (15.4% versus 13.7%, p=0.73) and the need for new revascularization (13.5% versus 10.3%, p=0.71) were similar for both groups. CONCLUSION: The in-hospital and late evolution of patients with multivessel coronary disease with and without involvement of the proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery treated with coronary stent placement did not differ. This suggests that this revascularization method is an effective procedure and a valuable option for treating these types of patients.