Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12.

The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 (KCCQ-12) is a simple, feasible, and sensitive questionnaire developed in English for assessing the health status (symptoms, function, and quality of life) of patients with heart failure (HF). We aimed to assess the internal consistency and construct validity of the Portuguese version of KCCQ-12. We administered the KCCQ-12, the Minnesota Living Heart Failure (MLHFQ), and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification by telephone. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's Alpha (α-Cronbach) and construct validity with correlations to the MLHFQ and NYHA. Internal consistency was high (α-Cronbach = 0.92 for the Overall Summary score and 0.77-0.85 for the subdomains). Construct validity was supported by finding high correlations between the KCCQ-12 Physical Limitation and the Symptom Frequency domains with the physical domain of the MLHFQ (r = -0.70 and r = -0.76, p < 0.001 for both) and the Overall Summary scale with NYHA classifications (r = -0.72, p < 0.001). The Portuguese version of KCCQ-12 has high internal consistency and shows a convergent construct validity with other measures quantifying the health status of patients with chronic HF and can be used confidently in Brazil for research and clinical care.

Intraoperative ventilation strategies for obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global epidemic, and it is widely known that increased Body mass index (BMI) is associated with alterations in respiratory mechanics. Bariatric surgery is established as an effective treatment for this condition. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of different ventilation strategies in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials aimed at evaluating ventilation strategies for obese patients was carried out. Primary outcomes: in-hospital mortality, adequacy of gas exchange, and respiration mechanics alterations. RESULTS: Fourteen clinical trials with 574 participants were included. When recruitment maneuvers (RM) vs Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were compared, RM resulted in better oxygenation p = 0.03 (MD 79.93), higher plateau pressure p < 0.00001 (MD 7.30), higher mean airway pressure p < 0.00001 (MD 6.61), and higher compliance p < 0.00001 (MD 21.00); when comparing RM + Zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) vs RM + PEEP 5 or 10 cmH2O, RM associated with PEEP led to better oxygenation p = 0.001 (MD 167.00); when comparing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) 40 cmH2O + PEEP 10 cmH2O vs CPAP 40 cmH2O + PEEP 15 cmH2O, CPAP 40 + PEEP 15 achieved better gas exchange p = 0.003 (MD 36.00) and compliance p = 0.0003 (MD 3.00). CONCLUSION: There is some evidence that the alveolar recruitment maneuvers associated with PEEP lead to better oxygenation and higher compliance. There is no evidence of differences between pressure control ventilation (PCV) and Volume control ventilation (VCV).

Age and leptinemia association with anxiety and depression symptoms in overweight middle-aged women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of menopause and of postmenopausal stages on depression and anxiety symptoms, and whether these symptoms associate with anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in midlife women. METHODS: Postmenopausal women (age 50-65), either at early (EPM, n=33) or late (LPM, n = 23) postmenopause, and 23 premenopausal controls (PreM, age 40-50), matched for BMI with the PM groups, were studied. Blood biochemical and hormonal determinations, bioimpedance anthropometry, and depression and anxiety symptoms (Beck's depression [BDI] and anxiety [BAI] inventories) were conducted. RESULTS: The BAI score was higher in both PM groups than in the PreM group. In contrast, only the LPM group showed a significantly elevated BDI score. All groups presented overweight and abdominal obesity, having similar BMI and waist/hip ratio values. Both PM groups showed insulin resistance, whereas only the LPM group presented decreased skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate. Correlation analysis, including all 79 middle-aged women, showed age, percentage body fat, waist/hip ratio, and leptinemia to correlate positively with the anxiety and depression scores. Multivariate regression showed leptin and age to associate positively with depressive- and anxious-like symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women presented impaired body composition, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and mental symptoms, in comparison to similarly overweight premenopausal women. Among all the overweight midlife women, these symptoms were more strongly associated with age and leptin levels than with reproductive aging itself. The data indicate that, among overweight middle-aged women with abdominal obesity, the aging process and the development of leptin resistance are associated with impairment of mental health.

Painful procedures and analgesia in the NICU: what has changed in the medical perception and practice in a ten-year period? / Procedimentos dolorosos e analgesia em UTI Neonatal: o que mudou na opinião e na prática profissional em dez anos?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of analgesia versus neonatologists' perception regarding analgesic use in painful procedures in the years 2001, 2006, and 2011. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of all newborns admitted to four university neonatal intensive care units during one month in 2001, 2006, and 2011. The frequency of analgesic prescription for painful procedures was evaluated. Of the 202 neonatologists, 188 answered a questionnaire giving their opinion on the intensity of pain during lumbar puncture, tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and postoperative period using a 10-cm visual analogic scale (VAS; pain >3 cm). RESULTS: For lumbar puncture, 12% (2001), 43% (2006), and 36% (2011) were performed using analgesia. Among the neonatologists, 40-50% reported VAS >3 for lumbar puncture in all study periods. For intubation, 30% received analgesia in the study periods, and 35% (2001), 55% (2006), and 73% (2011) of the neonatologists reported VAS >3 and would prescribe analgesia for this procedure. As for mechanical ventilation, 45% (2001), 64% (2006), and 48% (2011) of patient-days were under analgesia; 56% (2001), 57% (2006), and 26% (2011) of neonatologists reported VAS >3 and said they would use analgesia during mechanical ventilation. For the first three post-operative days, 37% (2001), 78% (2006), and 89% (2011) of the patients received analgesia and more than 90% of neonatologists reported VAS >3 for major surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in the medical perception of neonatal pain and in analgesic use during painful procedures, the gap between clinical practice and neonatologist perception of analgesia need did not change during the ten-year period.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Confrontar o uso de analgesia versus a percepção de neonatologistas quanto ao emprego de analgésicos para procedimentos dolorosos em 2001, 2006 e 2011. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva de todos recém-nascidos internados em quatro unidades universitárias. Avaliou-se a frequência do emprego de analgésicos para procedimentos dolorosos por um mês dos anos de estudo. Dos 202 neonatologistas atuantes nas unidades nos três períodos, 188 assinalaram em escala analógica visual de 10 cm (dor >3 cm) a intensidade da dor sentida pelo recém-nascido na punção lombar, intubação traqueal, ventilação mecânica e no pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Para punção lombar, 12%, 43% e 36% foram feitas com analgesia em 2001, 2006 e 2011 e 40-50% dos neonatologistas referiam indicar analgésicos na punção lombar nos três períodos. Na intubação, 30% foram feitas sob analgesia nos três períodos e 35% (2001), 55% (2006) e 73% (2011) dos médicos diziam indicar analgésicos. Quanto à ventilação mecânica, 45-64% dos ventilados-dia estavam sob analgesia nos três períodos e 56% (2001), 57% (2006) e 26% (2011) dos neonatologistas diziam usar analgésicos. Dos pacientes-dia nos três primeiros dias de pós-operatório, 37% (2001), 78% (2006) e 89% (2011) receberam alguma dose de analgésico. Mais de 90% dos médicos referiam usar analgesia para essa situação. CONCLUSÕES: Entre 2001 e 2011, ocorreu aumento no uso de analgésicos para procedimentos dolorosos nas unidades neonatais e uma percepção mais acentuada por parte dos médicos de que o recém-nascido sente dor, mas o lapso entre a prática clínica e a percepção médica quanto à presença de dor persistiu.

Painful procedures and analgesia in the NICU: what has changed in the medical perception and practice in a ten-year period?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of analgesia versus neonatologists' perception regarding analgesic use in painful procedures in the years 2001, 2006, and 2011. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of all newborns admitted to four university neonatal intensive care units during one month in 2001, 2006, and 2011. The frequency of analgesic prescription for painful procedures was evaluated. Of the 202 neonatologists, 188 answered a questionnaire giving their opinion on the intensity of pain during lumbar puncture, tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and postoperative period using a 10-cm visual analogic scale (VAS; pain >3cm). RESULTS: For lumbar puncture, 12% (2001), 43% (2006), and 36% (2011) were performed using analgesia. Among the neonatologists, 40-50% reported VAS >3 for lumbar puncture in all study periods. For intubation, 30% received analgesia in the study periods, and 35% (2001), 55% (2006), and 73% (2011) of the neonatologists reported VAS >3 and would prescribe analgesia for this procedure. As for mechanical ventilation, 45% (2001), 64% (2006), and 48% (2011) of patient-days were under analgesia; 56% (2001), 57% (2006), and 26% (2011) of neonatologists reported VAS >3 and said they would use analgesia during mechanical ventilation. For the first three post-operative days, 37% (2001), 78% (2006), and 89% (2011) of the patients received analgesia and more than 90% of neonatologists reported VAS >3 for major surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in the medical perception of neonatal pain and in analgesic use during painful procedures, the gap between clinical practice and neonatologist perception of analgesia need did not change during the ten-year period.

Obstructive sleep apnea prevents the expected difference in craniofacial growth of boys and girls.

OBJECTIVES: It was to compare cephalometric measures of mouth-breather boys and girls and with the cephalometric pattern observed in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. METHODS: Craniofacial measurements of lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from 144 children aged 7-14 years were compared between boys and girls, and both were compared to cephalometric pattern of OSAS patients. RESULTS: Mouth-breather boys and girls had no gender differences regarding to craniofacial morphology while nose-breather boys and girls showed those expected differences. Nose-breather boys presented a more retruded mandible and proinclined upper incisor when compared to nose-breather girls, but mouth-breather boys and girls had no differences. The measure NS.GoGn was the only variable with an interaction with gender and breathing. CONCLUSIONS: There were no cephalometric difference in mouth breather-boys and girls related to normal growth, suggesting that oral breathing make the same craniofacial morphology and both have craniofacial morphology close to that of OSAS patients.

Obstructive sleep apnea prevents the expected difference in craniofacial growth of boys and girls / A apneia obstrutiva do sono impede a esperada diferença de crescimento cranofacial de meninos e meninas

OBJECTIVES: It was to compare cephalometric measures of mouth-breather boys and girls and with the cephalometric pattern observed in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. METHODS: Craniofacial measurements of lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from 144 children aged 7-14 years were compared between boys and girls, and both were compared to cephalometric pattern of OSAS patients. RESULTS: Mouth-breather boys and girls had no gender differences regarding to craniofacial morphology while nose-breather boys and girls showed those expected differences. Nose-breather boys presented a more retruded mandible and proinclined upper incisor when compared to nose-breather girls, but mouth-breather boys and girls had no differences. The measure NS.GoGn was the only variable with an interaction with gender and breathing. CONCLUSIONS: There were no cephalometric difference in mouth breather-boys and girls related to normal growth, suggesting that oral breathing make the same craniofacial morphology and both have craniofacial morphology close to that of OSAS patients.

OBJETIVOS: Foi comparar medidas cefalométricas entre meninos e meninas respiradores bucais com o padrão cefalométrico de pacientes com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS). MÉTODOS: Medidas craniofaciais de radiografias cefalométricas laterais de 144 crianças com idade entre 7 e 14 anos foram comparadas entre meninos e meninas, e estas comparadas com o padrão cefalométrico de pacientes com SAOS. RESULTADOS: Meninos e meninas respiradores bucais não apresentaram diferenças em relação à morfologia craniofacial, enquanto meninos e meninas respiradores nasais mostraram as diferenças fisiologicamente esperadas. Meninos respiradores nasais apresentaram mandíbula mais retraída e incisivos superiores inclinados para frente quando comparados com meninas respiradoras nasais, mas os respiradores bucais não apresentaram diferenças. A medida NS.GoGn foi a única variável com interação entre gênero e tipo de respiração. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferença cefalométrica entre os respiradores bucais em relação ao crescimento craniofacial, sugerindo que a respiração bucal determina a mesma morfologia, e ambos os gêneros têm morfologia craniofacial semelhante àquela dos pacientes com SAOS.

Influence of the nutritional intervention in complementary feeding practices in infants

Avaliar a efetividade da orientação nutricional de lactentes em fase de introdução da alimentação complementar e verificar a associação das práticas alimentares com idade e escolaridade materna. Estudo de coorte histórica descritiva, avaliando-se dados secundários de 92 lactentes que realizaram pelo menos três consultas nutricionais, atendidos no Centro de Incentivo e Apoio ao Aleitamento Materno da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, no período de outubro de 2005 a março de 2010. As informações de consumo alimentar foram obtidas a partir dos Recordatórios Alimentares de 24 horas, analisados qualitativamente segundo a presença dos grupos alimentares (cereais/tubérculos, carnes/ovos, leguminosas, frutas/legumes/verduras). A orientação nutricional para a introdução da alimentação complementar foi baseada nos Dez Passos da Alimentação Saudável para Crianças Brasileiras Menores de Dois Anos, do Ministério da Saúde. Para a análise de variância em blocos não paramétrica separaram-se as crianças em dois grupos (grupo Lac A= que já recebiam alimentação complementar e grupo Lac B = que ainda não recebiam alimentação complementar). As médias e desvios-padrão do número de grupos alimentares consumidos nos momentos 0, 1 e 2 para o Lac A foram 2,3 (dp = 0,8), 2,9 (dp = 0,8) e 3,2 (dp = 0,6), respectivamente, enquanto que para o Lac B nos momentos 1 e 2 foram 2,6 (dp = 0,9) e 3,1 (dp = 0,7), respectivamente. Estatisticamente houve um aumento significativo dos grupos alimentares com o tempo para o Lac A (momentos 0 - 1 (p = 0,001), 0 - 2 (p <0, 001), 1 - 2 (p = 0,033)) e o Lac B (momentos 1 - 2 (p < 0,001)). Dentre os alimentos inadequados consumidos, aqueles que tiveram redução foram o açúcar de adição (de 22,2 por cento para 8,7 por cento) e o queijo petit suisse (de 11,1 por cento para 4,3 por cento). Não se observou relação entre a presença dos grupos alimentares com a idade e a escolaridade materna. A orientação nutricional ao longo do tempo foi efetiva, resultando na m...

Desenvolvimento e pré-teste de um questionário de frequência alimentar para graduandos / Development and pretesting of a food frequency questionnaire for undergraduate students

Objetivo Desenvolver e aplicar em um projeto-piloto um questionário de frequência alimentar quantitativo de autopreenchimento destinado a graduandos da área da saúde. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em 151 universitários de ambos os sexos, usuários do ambulatório de Nutrição do Corpo Discente da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil. O questionário inicial foi composto a partir dos alimentos e preparações informados no Registro Alimentar de Três Dias. As informações em medidas caseiras foram transformadas em gramas ou mililitros com o auxílio de tabelas, e os alimentos foram ordenados segundo a porcentagem de contribuição para o valor energético total informado. Foram selecionados 198 ali-mentos responsáveis por 95 por cento do consumo energético e agrupados em 77 itens alimentares de acordo com a similaridade nutricional. O tamanho das porções alimentares foi classificado conforme o valor do percentil 50 da distribuição dos pesos correspondentes às medidas caseiras referidas. Definiu-se como porção pequena, aquela cujo valor foi igual ou inferior ao percentil 25; como média, o percentil 50 e grande, o valor igual ou superior ao percentil 75. Resultados Após o pré-teste do questionário inicial, o questionário final resultou em uma lista com 89 alimentos, agrupados em 70 itens alimentares. As instruções para o autopreenchimento foram refeitas, objetivando-se um melhor preenchimento. Conclusão Após as modificações realizadas, o questionário de frequência alimentar quantitativo encontra-se pronto para o estudo de validação e calibração.

Objective The objective of this study was to develop and pretest a self-administered, quantitative food frequency questionnaire for undergraduate students of the health sciences. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 151 undergraduate students of both genders from the Students' Healthcare Service of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. The first version of the food frequency questionnaire was based on the foods and preparations listed in the 3-day food records. Tables were used to convert cooking units into grams or milliliters and the foods were ranked according to their percentage contribution to the total calorie intake. The 198 foods responsible for 95 percent of the energy intake were selected and grouped into 77 food items according to nutritional resemblance. Serving size was classified according to the 50th percentile of the weight distribution corresponding to the cooking units. Serving size was defined as small (S) when £25th percentile; average (A) when equal to the 50th percentile and large (L) when ≥75th percentile. Results The pretest of the first version of the questionnaire resulted in a final version with a list of 89 foods, grouped into 70 food groups. The instructions for filling out the questionnaire were rewritten to get better answers from the students. Conclusion After these changes, the quantitative food frequency questionnaire is ready for the validation and calibration study.

Identificação de risco cardiovascular em pacientes atendidos em abulatório de nutrição / Cardiovascular risk identification among patients treated at an outpatient nutrition clinic

Fundamentos: As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de óbitos no Brasil. Cerca de 80 por cento dos casos poderiam ser evitados por meio de modificações no estilo de vida e alimentação. Objetivos: Descrever o consumo alimentar e fatores de risco cardiovascular presentes em pacientes ambulatoriais. Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo 103 pacientes de ambos os sexos sem histórico de evento cardiovascular ou miocardiopatias. Foram utilizados dados de consumo alimentar, antropométricos, bioquímicos, de hábitos de vida e condições de saúde e o algoritmo de Framingham. Resultados: A idade média foi 51,91 +- 13,25 anos, predominando o sexo feminino. Da população estudada, 61,17 por cento eram obesos (31,91 +-5,96kg/m² adultos; 30,09+-4,87kg/m² idosos) e 92,23 por cento apresentaram aumento da circunferência da cintura, ambos mais prvalentes entre as mulheres. Na avaliação do consumo, verificou-se: dieta hipoglicídica (48,89+-9,01 por cento VCT) com alto consumo de ácidos graxos saturados...

Reasons for resubmission of research projects to the research ethics committee of a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: It is important to know the reasons for resubmitting research projects to the Research Ethics Committee in order to help researchers to prepare their research projects, informed consent forms and needed research documentation. OBJECTIVES: To verify the reasons for resubmitting projects that were previously rejected by the Ethics Committee. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study that evaluated research projects involving human beings. Research projects were submitted in 2007 to the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred and fifty six research projects were submitted to the ethics committee and the average time for evaluating the research projects and related documents until a final decision was reached was 49.95 days. From the total, 399 projects were reviewed in 2 or more meetings until a final decision was reached. Of these, 392 research projects were included in the study; 35 projects were subsequently excluded for involving animals. Among the research projects included, 42.5% concerned research with new drugs, vaccines and diagnostic tests, 48.5% consisted of undergraduate students' research projects, 68.9% of the research had no sponsorship, and 97.5% were eventually approved. The main reasons for returning the projects to the researchers were the use of inadequate language and/or difficulty of understanding the informed consent form (32.2%), lack of information about the protocol at the informed consent form (25.8%), as well as doubts regarding methodological and statistical issues of the protocol (77.1%). Other reasons for returning the research projects involved lack of, inaccuracy on or incomplete documentation, need of clarification or approval for participation of external entities on the research, lack of information on financial support. CONCLUSION: Among the research projects that were returned to the researchers for additional clarification, the main reasons were inadequacies or doubts about the terms used in the informed consent form as well as lack of information regarding the research at the informed consent form and methodological and statistical issues regarding the protocol.

Polysomnographic findings are associated with cephalometric measurements in mouth-breathing children.

OBJECTIVES: Children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and those with an abnormal craniofacial morphology are predisposed to having sleep disordered breathing; many of these children are mouth breathers. The aim of this study was to determine whether an association exists between polysomnographic findings and cephalometric measures in mouth-breathing children. METHODS: Twenty-seven children (15 mouth-breathing children and 12 nose-breathing children [control subjects]), aged 7 to 14 years, took part in the study. Polysomnographic variables included sleep efficiency, sleep latency, apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen saturation, arousal index, number of periodic limb movements in sleep, and snoring. Cephalometric measures included maxilla and mandible position, occlusal and mandibular plane inclination, incisor position, pharyngeal airway space width, and hyoid bone position. RESULTS: As compared with nose-breathing children, mouth breathers were more likely to snore (p < 0.001) and to have an apnea-hypopnea index greater than 1 (p = 0.02). Mouth-breathing children were also more likely to have a retruded mandible, more inclined occlusal and mandibular planes, a smaller airway space, and a smaller superior pharyngeal airway space (p < 0.01). The apnea-hypopnea index increased as the posterior airway space decreased (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed an association between polysomnographic data and cephalometric measures in mouth-breathing children. Snoring was the most important variable associated with abnormal craniofacial morphology. Orthodontists should send any mouth-breathing child for an evaluation of sleep if they find that the child has a small superior pharyngeal airway space or an increased ANB (the relationship between the maxilla and mandible), NS.PIO (occlusal plane inclination in relationship to the skull base), or NS.GoGn (the mandibular plane inclination in relation to the skull base), indicating that the child has a steeper mandibular plane.

Reasons for resubmission of research projects to the research ethics committee of a University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: It is important to know the reasons for resubmitting research projects to the Research Ethics Committee in order to help researchers to prepare their research projects, informed consent forms and needed research documentation. OBJECTIVES: To verify the reasons for resubmitting projects that were previously rejected by the Ethics Committee. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study that evaluated research projects involving human beings. Research projects were submitted in 2007 to the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred and fifty six research projects were submitted to the ethics committee and the average time for evaluating the research projects and related documents until a final decision was reached was 49.95 days. From the total, 399 projects were reviewed in 2 or more meetings until a final decision was reached. Of these, 392 research projects were included in the study; 35 projects were subsequently excluded for involving animals. Among the research projects included, 42.5 percent concerned research with new drugs, vaccines and diagnostic tests, 48.5 percent consisted of undergraduate students' research projects, 68.9 percent of the research had no sponsorship, and 97.5 percent were eventually approved. The main reasons for returning the projects to the researchers were the use of inadequate language and/or difficulty of understanding the informed consent form (32.2 percent), lack of information about the protocol at the informed consent form (25.8 percent), as well as doubts regarding methodological and statistical issues of the protocol (77.1 percent). Other reasons for returning the research projects involved lack of, inaccuracy on or incomplete documentation, need of clarification or approval for participation of external entities on the research, lack of information on financial support. CONCLUSION: Among the ...