The association between the experience of lay responders and response interval to medical emergencies in a rural area: an observational study.

AIM: The aim of this retrospective observational study was to determine how response intervals correlated to the experience of the community first responders (CFRs) using data collected from the Danish Island of Langeland via a global positioning system (GPS)-based system. METHODS: All medical emergency calls involving CFRs in the time period from 21st of April 2012 to 31st of December 2017 were included. Each emergency call activated 3 CFRs. Response intervals were calculated using the time from when the system alerted the CFRs to CFR time of arrival at the emergency site measured by GPS. CFRs response intervals were grouped depending on their level of experience according to ≤ 10, 11-24, 25-49, 50-99, ≥ 100 calls accepted and arrived on-site. RESULTS: A total of 7273 CFR activations were included. Median response interval for the CFR arriving first on-site (n = 3004) was 4:05 min (IQR 2:42-6:01) and median response interval for the arrival of the CFR with an automated external defibrillator (n = 2594) was 5:46 min (IQR 3:59-8:05). Median response intervals were 5:53 min (3:43-8:29) for ≤ 10 calls (n = 1657), 5:39 min (3:49-8:01) for 11-24 calls (n = 1396), 5:45 min (3:49-8:00) for 25-49 calls (n = 1586), 5:07 min (3:38-7:26) for 50-99 calls (n = 1548) and 4:46 min (3:14-7:32) for ≥ 100 calls (n = 1086) (p < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between experience and response intervals (p < 0.001, Spearman's rho = -0.0914). CONCLUSION: This study found an inverse correlation between CFR experience and response intervals, which could lead to increased survival after a time-critical incident.

[Qualitative and quantitative changes in phospholipid spectra of the brain of rats with corazol-induced epilepsy]. / Kachestvennye i kolichestvennye izmeneniia spektra fosfolipidov golovnogo mozga krys pri korazonovykh sudorogakh.

The enhancement of the sum of phospholipids in seizure period was observed during initially generalized corazol seizure in white rats' cerebral cortex. This sum fell in an hour after epileptic fit. It is noted that the maintenance of lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylserines enhanced during the fit, and the maintenance of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines fell either in cerebral cortex, or in cerebellum. At the same time the enhancement of the mixed fraction of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositide level and cardiolipins-1 in the cerebral cortex was observed. The maintenance of the latter in cerebellum fell during an hour after the attack. The quantity of cardiolipins-2 in cerebellum enhanced during the attack. It is suggested that the effect of corazol seizure leads to the enhancement of lisoforms at the expense of the intensification of disintegration of other fractions of lisoforms.

[The effect of alloxan on activity of various enzymes of phosphorus metabolism in vitro]. / Vliianie alloksana in vitro na aktivnost' nekotorykh fermentov fosfornogo obmena.

Effect of alloxan on activity of acetylphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, phenylpyrophosphatase was studied in vitro. Alloxan at concentrations 100 microM-10 mM inhibited acid phosphatase and especially alkaline phosphatase. Reducing agents (pyrocatechol, hydroquinone, ascorbic acid), which are easily converted into corresponding oxidized forms, at concentrations 100 microM-1.0 mM activated alkaline phosphatase in rat kidney and small intestine.

[Interaction of adrenergic and serotoninergic mechanisms in modulation of seizure activity of the brain]. / O vzaimodeistvii adrenergicheskikh i serotoninergicheskikh mekhanizmov v reguliatsii sudorozhnoi aktivnosti mozga.

Electrical stimulation of the raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus induces inhibition of the penicillin-induced seizure activity. Adrenoblocking agents facilitate the effects of raphe nuclei on the seizure activity.