Adapting nitric oxide: A review of its foundation, uses in austere medical conditions, and emerging applications.

Nitric oxide was first identified as a novel and effective treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), and has since been found to be efficacious in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary hypertension. Physicians and researchers have also found it shows promise in resource-constrained settings, both within and outside of the hospital, such as in high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and COVID-19. The treatment has been well tolerated in these settings, and is both efficacious and versatile when studied across a variety of clinical environments. Advancements in inhaled nitric oxide continue, and the gas is worthy of investigation as physicians contend with new respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, as well as unforeseen logistical challenges.

Core content for wilderness medicine fellowship training of emergency medicine graduates.

Wilderness medicine is the practice of resource-limited medicine under austere conditions. In 2003, the first wilderness medicine fellowship was established, and as of March 2013, a total of 12 wilderness medicine fellowships exist. In 2009 the American College of Emergency Physicians Wilderness Medicine Section created a Fellowship Subcommittee and Taskforce to bring together fellowship directors, associate directors, and other interested stakeholders to research and develop a standardized curriculum and core content for emergency medicine (EM)-based wilderness medicine fellowships. This paper describes the process and results of what became a 4-year project to articulate a standardized curriculum for wilderness medicine fellowships. The final product specifies the minimum core content that should be covered during a 1-year wilderness medicine fellowship. It also describes the structure, length, site, and program requirements for a wilderness medicine fellowship.