Histone Methylation and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Oxidative stress occurs when ROS overproduction overwhelms the elimination ability of antioxidants. Accumulated studies have found that oxidative stress is regulated by histone methylation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Targeting the underlying molecular mechanism to alter the interplay of oxidative stress and histone methylation may enable creative and effective therapeutic strategies to be developed against a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Recently, some drugs targeting epigenetic modifiers have been used to treat specific types of cancers. However, the comprehensive signaling pathways bridging oxidative stress and histone methylation need to be deeply explored in the contexts of cardiovascular physiology and pathology before clinical therapies be developed. In the present review, we summarize and update information on the interplay between histone methylation and oxidative stress during the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, and diabetic macro- and microvascular pathologies.

[Value of QT hysteresis during treadmill exercise test for diagnosing coronary heart disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of QT hysteresis index during treadmill exercise test (TET) in diagnosing coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients suspected for CHD were referred for TET and selective coronary angiography (CAG). Patients were divided into positive [n = 55, age (56.0 ± 7.9) years] and negative [n = 45, age (53.2 ± 6.7) years] group based on their CAG results. For each TET recording, 50 points were selected for the RR, QTp, and QTe interval measurements. QTp and QTe interval was plotted against corresponding RR interval. QT/RR curve was constructed by connect all point, QT hysteresis index was calculated for each patient. RESULTS: The QTp [(22.4 ± 10.3) ms vs. (6.7 ± 4.6) ms, P < 0.001] and QTe [(27.1 ± 11.1) ms vs. (7.6 ± 4.6) ms, P < 0.001] hysteresis index of patients in positive group were significantly higher than those in negative group. The sensitivity of QTp and QTe hysteresis index for diagnosing CHD was 89.1% (49/55) and 94.5% (52/55), respectively, and the specificity was 82.2% (37/45) and 80.0% (36/45), respectively. If the patient fulfilled both the classical TET and QT hysteresis criteria, the sensitivity for diagnosing CHD increased to 94.3% (33/35, QTp) and 94.6% (35/37, QTe), and the specificity were both 100% (26/26, 26/26). Moreover, QTp (r = -0.399, P < 0.001) and QTe (r = -0.547, P < 0.001) hysteresis index highly correlated to Duke treadmill score. CONCLUSION: QT hysteresis index is useful parameter for CHD diagnosis and which could improve the diagnostic value of TET for CHD in combination with the classical TET criteria for diagnosis of CHD.

[Predictive value of QT interval dynamicity for sudden death in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the predictive value of QT interval dynamicity for sudden death in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS: Fifty-five patients with DCM (DCM group) and 27 healthy subjects (Control group, Con) were enrolled. Investigations included history collection, clinical examination, echocardiography, electrocardiogram and 24 h ambulatory electrocardiogram. Following indexes were determined: left ventricle end diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), QT dispersion (QTd), SDNN, the slope of QT/RR plots of the linear regression, ventricular premature beats (VPB) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). Primary end point for patients with DCM was all cause death. RESULTS: LVEDD, QTd, VPB/24 h, NSVT/24 h, QTe/RR slope and QTp/RR slope were significantly higher while LVEF and SDNN were significantly lower in DCM group than in Con group (all P < 0.05). LVEDD, LVEF, QTd, SDNN, QTe/RR slope and QTp/RR slope were significantly different among DCM sudden death group, DCM non sudden death group and Con group (P < 0.05). LVEF, SDNN, QTe/RR slope and QTp/RR slope were significantly different between DCM sudden death and non sudden death group (P < 0.05). LVEF, QTd, VPB/24 h, QTe/RR slope and QTp/RR slope were significantly different between DCM with NSVT and DCM without NSVT group (P < 0.05). The sudden death rate of DCM patients with QTe/RR slope ≥ 0.210 was significantly higher than DCM patients with QTe/RR slope < 0.210 (54.5% vs. 21.1%, P < 0.05). Sudden death rate of QTp/RR slope ≥ 0.190 was also higher than those < 0.190 (52.2% vs. 21.9%, P < 0.05). The sudden death rate of DCM patients with both LVEF ≤ 35% and NSVT+ was 62.5%. Combining QTe/RR ≥ 0.210 with NSVT+ or LVEF ≤ 35%, the sudden death rates were 62.5% or 66.7%. Combining QTp/RR ≥ 0.190 with NSVT+ or LVEF ≤ 35%, the sudden death rates were 66.7% or 61.5%. Combining QTe/RR ≥ 0.210 or QTp/RR ≥ 0.190 with NVST+ and LVEF ≤ 35%, the sudden death rates were 77.8% or 70.0%. CONCLUSIONS: High QT/RR slope is a risk factor for sudden death of DCM patients. QT/RR slope is a useful predictor for sudden death in DCM patients either independently or combined with NSVT or LVEF.