Clinical practice guideline for transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia (2021 Edition).

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is highly prevalent among older men, impacting on their quality of life, sexual function, and genitourinary health, and has become an important global burden of disease. Transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (TUPKP) is one of the foremost surgical procedures for the treatment of BPH. It has become well established in clinical practice with good efficacy and safety. In 2018, we issued the guideline "2018 Standard Edition". However much new direct evidence has now emerged and this may change some of previous recommendations. The time is ripe to develop new evidence-based guidelines, so we formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members posed 31 questions relevant to the management of TUPKP for BPH covering the following areas: questions relevant to the perioperative period (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative) of TUPKP in the treatment of BPH, postoperative complications and the level of surgeons' surgical skill. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of TUPKP for BPH, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the grade criteria by the European Association of Urology. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of an ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 36 statements. Among them, 23 carried strong recommendations, and 13 carried weak recommendations for the stated procedure. They covered questions relevant to the aforementioned three areas. The preoperative period for TUPKP in the treatment of BPH included indications and contraindications for TUPKP, precautions for preoperative preparation in patients with renal impairment and urinary tract infection due to urinary retention, and preoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics. Questions relevant to the intraoperative period incorporated surgical operation techniques and prevention and management of bladder explosion. The application to different populations incorporating the efficacy and safety of TUPKP in the treatment of normal volume (< 80 ml) and large-volume (≥ 80 ml) BPH compared with transurethral urethral resection prostate, transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate and open prostatectomy; the efficacy and safety of TUPKP in high-risk populations and among people taking anticoagulant (antithrombotic) drugs. Questions relevant to the postoperative period incorporated the time and speed of flushing, the time indwelling catheters are needed, principles of postoperative therapeutic use of antibiotics, follow-up time and follow-up content. Questions related to complications incorporated types of complications and their incidence, postoperative leukocyturia, the treatment measures for the perforation and extravasation of the capsule, transurethral resection syndrome, postoperative bleeding, urinary catheter blockage, bladder spasm, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, urethral stricture, rectal injury during surgery, postoperative erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation. Final questions were related to surgeons' skills when performing TUPKP for the treatment of BPH. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for patients having TUPKP for the treatment of BPH.

The association between rs16917496 T/C polymorphism of SET8 gene and cancer risk in Asian populations: a meta-analysis.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated close associations between SET8 rs16917496 T/C polymorphism and cancer risk, but the results of published studies were not consistent. We therefore performed this meta-analysis to explore the associations between rs16917496 T/C polymorphism and cancer risk. Five online databases were searched. Odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association between rs16917496 T/C polymorphism and cancer risk. In addition, heterogeneity, accumulative, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were conducted to check the statistical power. Overall, 13 publications involving 5878 subjects were identified according to included criteria. No significant cancer risk was observed in genetic model of SET8 rs16917496 T/C polymorphism in Asian populations (C vs. T: OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 0.88-1.23, P = 0.63%; TC vs. TT: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 0.96-1.24, P = 0.11%; CC vs. TT: OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.60-1.37, P = 0.63; TC+CC vs. TT: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.90-1.38, P = 0.33; CC vs. TT+TC: OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.65-1.30, P = 0.63). Furthermore, similar associations were found in the subgroup analysis of race diversity, control design, genotyping methods, and different cancer types. In summary, our meta-analysis indicated that the SET8 rs16917496 T/C polymorphism may not play a critical role in cancer development in Asian populations.

Association between coronary heart disease and erectile dysfunction in Chinese Han population.

To investigate the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in Chinese Han population. Patients who went to the andrological out-patient clinic of our hospital between August 1, 2015 and May 1, 2016 and met all eligible criteria were enrolled in this study. The patients diagnosed as ED using self-administered International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire were considered as case group and others were considered as control. The cases were categorized as mild, moderate, and severe ED. Subjects were interviewed for the history of CHD. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the SPSS 18.0 software. A total of 240 participants (56 ED patients and 184 controls) were enrolled. CHD prevalence was higher in cases without statistical significance (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 0.63-2.29; p = 0.58). Results of adjusted analysis also showed a non-significantly increased risk (OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.55-2.85; p = 0.59). Stratified analysis by severity of ED revealed similar results. This study suggests no significant association exists between CHD and ED in Chinese Han population.

Acrolein Scavenger Hydralazine Prevents Streptozotocin-Induced Painful Diabetic Neuropathy and Spinal Neuroinflammation in Rats.

Diabetes-induced neuropathic pain (DNP) substantially influences people's life qualities. Hyperglycemia-induced excess free radicals have been considered as the most critical mechanisms underlying DNP. As an unsaturated aldehyde and a reactive product of lipid peroxidation, acrolein plays critical roles in diabetic nephropathy and inflammatory pain. We sought to determine whether acrolein is involved in DNP in this study. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). An acrolein scavenger hydralazine (5 mg/kg) was administered through a daily injection for 4 weeks, starting immediately within 30 min after STZ injection. Western blot showed that hydralazine could effectively inhibit STZ-induced upregulation of acrolein in the spinal dorsal horn on day 7-28 after STZ injection. Behavioral tests showed that STZ injection induced significant mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, which could be alleviated by hydralazine. Immunofluorescent histochemistry and Western blot showed that STZ induced significant microglial activation. ELISA data indicated upregulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and TNF-α expression in the spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, hydralazine effectively attenuated microglial activation and expression of inflammatory mediators. Our data indicate that acrolein might be involved in the development of neuroinflammation and behavioral consequences of DNP. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1858-1864, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Changes of Serotonin (5-HT), 5-HT2A Receptor, and 5-HT Transporter in the Sprague-Dawley Rats of Depression, Myocardial Infarction and Myocardial Infarction Co-exist with Depression.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether serotonin (5-HT), 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), and 5-HT transporter (serotonin transporter [SERT]) are associated with different disease states of depression, myocardial infarction (MI) and MI co-exist with depression in Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: After established the animal model of four groups include control, depression, MI and MI with depression, we measured 5-HT, 5-HT2AR and SERT from serum and platelet lysate. RESULTS: The serum concentration of 5-HT in depression rats decreased significantly compared with the control group (303.25 ± 9.99 vs. 352.98 ± 13.73; P = 0.000), while that in MI group increased (381.78 ± 14.17 vs. 352.98 ± 13.73; P = 0.000). However, the depression + MI group had no change compared with control group (360.62 ± 11.40 vs. 352.98 ± 13.73; P = 0.036). The changes of the platelet concentration of 5-HT in the depression, MI, and depression + MI group were different from that of serum. The levels of 5-HT in above three groups were lower than that in the control group (380.40 ± 17.90, 387.75 ± 22.28, 246.40 ± 18.99 vs. 500.29 ± 20.91; P = 0.000). The platelet lysate concentration of 5-HT2AR increased in depression group, MI group, and depression + MI group compared with the control group (370.75 ± 14.75, 393.47 ± 15.73, 446.66 ± 18.86 vs. 273.66 ± 16.90; P = 0.000). The serum and platelet concentration of SERT in the depression group, MI group and depression + MI group were all increased compared with the control group (527.51 ± 28.32, 602.02 ± 23.32, 734.76 ± 29.59 vs. 490.56 ± 16.90; P = 0.047, P = 0.000, P = 0.000 in each and 906.38 ± 51.84, 897.33 ± 60.34, 1030.17 ± 58.73 vs. 708.62 ± 51.15; P = 0.000 in each). CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of 5-HT2AR in platelet lysate and SERT in serum and platelet may be involved in the pathway of MI with depression. Further studies should examine whether elevated 5-HT2AR and SERT may contribute to the biomarker in MI patients with depression.

[Effects of qishenyiqi gutta pills on calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II in rats with renal hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of qishenyiqi gutta pills on myocardial hypertrophy of left ventricle and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CAMK II) in rats with renal hypertension and elucidate its intervention mechanism for myocardial hypertrophy. METHODS: A total of 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of sham-operation, control, high-dose qishenyiqi gutta pills, low-dose qishenyiqi gutta pills and valsartan (n = 10 each). The rat model of myocardial hypertrophy with renal hypertension was established by the 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) method. The experimental animals were divided into control, high-dose, low-dose and valsartan groups. At Week 5 postoperation, valsartan group received an oral dose of valsartan (30 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)), high-dose and low-dose groups took qishenyiqi gutta pills (250 and 125 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) while sham-operation and control groups had the same dose of normal saline solution. Tail arterial pressure was detected weekly and continued for 8 weeks. At the end of Week 12, the animals were sacrificed to harvest myocardial tissue of left ventricle for detecting left ventricular mass index (LVMI). The collagen volume fraction (CVF) of myocardium was examined by Van Gieson staining, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of CAMK II was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: (1) Blood pressures were significantly higher in high-dose, low-dose and control groups than those in sham-operation and valsartan groups ((167.66 ± 11.48), (166.72 ± 13.51), (174.34 ± 14.52) vs (119.57 ± 6.30), (131.80 ± 12.49) mm Hg, P < 0.01). The changes of blood pressure had no significant difference between high-dose and low-dose groups. (2) LVMI and CVF increased significantly in high-dose, low-dose and valsartan groups versus sham-operation group (LVMI: (1.98 ± 0.16), (2.09 ± 0.14), (1.97 ± 0.17) vs (1.74 ± 0.17) g/kg; CVF: 0.94% ± 0.22%, 2.53% ± 0.61%, 0.81% ± 0.20% vs 0.45% ± 0.13%) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), but decreased significantly versus control group (LVMI: (1.98 ± 0.16), (2.09 ± 0.14), (1.97 ± 0.17) vs (2.28 ± 0.28) g/kg; CVF: 0.94% ± 0.22%, 2.53% ± 0.61%, 0.81% ± 0.20% vs 4.73% ± 1.04%) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). (3) The expression of CAMK II was significantly higher in high-dose, low-dose, valsartan and control groups than that in sham-operation group (65.9%, 95.3%, 84.8%, 160.1% vs 67.7%). And it was significantly lower in high-dose, low-dose and valsartan groups than that in control group (65.9%, 95.3%, 84.8% vs 160.1%). There was no statistical difference among high-dose, low-dose and valsartan groups. CONCLUSIONS: Qishenyiqi gutta pills may retard myocardial hypertrophy of left ventricle in rats with renal hypertension. And the mechanism is probably be correlated with its antioxidant activity and inhibited expression of myocardial CAMK II.

Association between the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene Glu298Asp polymorphism and coronary heart disease: a meta­analysis of 39 case­control studies.

Numerous studies have indicated that the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene Glu298Asp polymorphism is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility, however, their conclusions are inconsistent. The present meta­analysis aimed to evaluate the precise result by searching the PubMed database and using 39 case­control studies comprising 7489 cases and 7051 controls.Each study tested the association between the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism and CHD. A meta­analysis was then conducted using the Comprehensive Meta Analysis 2.2 software to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) of five genetic models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was also explored. The meta­analysis showed a significant association between the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism and CHD susceptibility for all the genetic models [Asp vs. Glu, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14­1.40, P<0.001; Asp/Asp vs. Glu/Glu, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.23­2.02, P<0.001; Glu/Asp vs. Glu/Glu, OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03­1.22, P=0.001; (Glu/Asp+Asp/Asp) vs. Glu/Glu, OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07­1.27, P<0.001; Asp/Asp vs. (Glu/Glu+Glu/Asp), OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.25­2.03, P<0.001]. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated that the result was robust. A weak publication bias was detected. The results indicated that the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism is a risk factor for developing CHD, particularly in the Asian population.

[Evaluation of diagnosis and prediction of degree of coronary stenosis by CAVI].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between CAVI (Cardio-Ankle vascular Index) and the degree of coronary artery stenosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, the predictive value of CAVI were evaluated using the degree of coronary artery stenosis. METHODS: Relevant clinical data including CAMI, BMI, blood pressure, smoking, age, Sbp, Dbp, history and blood biochemistry test were collected in 60 years or older patients with coronary artery stenosis diagnosed by coronary angiography, and the 298 cases were divided into two groups, A group (CAVI > or = 9), B group (CAVI < 9), to investigate the correlativity among the level of CAVI and cardiovascular risk factors; at the same time all cases were assigned to group C (diabetes group) and group D (non-diabetic group), to analyse the change of CAVI in coronary artery stenosis patients complicated with diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: A total of 298 eligible patients with coronary artery stenosis were enrolled, including 163 non diabetics and 135 type 2 diabetics. The analysis result shows that there was a positive correlation among CAVI, old age, BMI, LDL-C, multi-vessel lesion, diabetes. CONCLUSION: The increase of CAVI was most highly related to the coronary artery stenosis. The level of CAVI might be a helpful predictive indexes to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.