[Some health parameters of working population in Perm area, and objectives to health improvement for recent years].

The article covers objectives of health preservation, occupational longevity and complex development of industrial medicine in Perm area.

[Effective use of third generation fat emulsion in total parenteral nutrition program in patients with severe sepsis].

The aim of the current research was to measure the clinical efficacy of 3rd generation fat emulsion in the program of complete parenteral nutrition of patients with severe sepsis. The work demonstrates the results of treatment of 25 patients with severe sepsis divided into 2 groups depending on the way of parenteral nutrition. In the 1st group (13 patients) the parenteral nutrition was carried out by 20% glucose, 15% solution of crystallic aminoacids and 20% of 2nd generation fat emulsion. In the 2nd group (12 patients) parenteral nutrition was carried out by 20% glucose, 15% solution of crystallic aminoacids and 20% of 3rd generation fat emulsion. The parenteral nutrition of Ist and 2nd group contributed to the correction of hypermetabolism syndrome and stabilization of the nutritive status parameters. It was observed that the parenteral nutrition used in the 2nd group showed statistically higher positive effect on the parameters of systemic inflammation and cellular part of immunity, rather than parenteral nutrition used in the 1st group. It is revealed that, the used methods of complete parenteral nutrition in patients with severe sepsis effectively eliminate the hypermetabolism syndrome. Parenteral nutrition of patients with severe sepsis by 3rd generation fat emulsion has a positive effect of parapeters of systemic inflammation.

Kinetics of formation and physicochemical characterization of thermally-induced beta-lactoglobulin aggregates.

The kinetics of heat denaturation and aggregation for beta-lactoglobulin dispersions (5% w/v) were studied at 3 pHs (6, 6.4, and 6.8) and at a heating temperature of 80 degrees C. Protein aggregates were characterized for hydrodynamic diameter, microstructure, and molecular weight by means of dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. Concentration of native beta-lactoglobulin decreased with holding time and with a decrease in the pH. Apparent rate constants were calculated for beta-lactoglobulin denaturation applying the general kinetic equation solved for a reaction order of 1.5. Values of the apparent reaction rate constant k = 7.5, 6.3 and 5.6 x 10(-3) s(-1) were found for pH 6, 6.4, and 6.8, respectively. Decreasing the pH of the dispersions produced higher aggregate sizes. After a holding time of 900 s, average hydrodynamic diameters for beta-lactoglobulin aggregates at pH 6, 6.4, and 6.8 were 96, 49, and 42 nm, respectively. These results were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy images, where a shift in the size and morphology of aggregates was found, from large and spherical at pH 6 to smaller and linear aggregates at pH 6.8. beta-Lactoglobulin formed disulfide-linked intermediates (dimers, trimers, tetramers) and so on) which then formed high molecular weight aggregates. From the results obtained by DLS, TEM, and SDS-PAGE a mechanism for beta-lactoglobulin aggregation was proposed. This study shows that heat treatment can be used to produce protein aggregates with different sizes and morphologies to be utilized as ingredients in foods.

Hydration behavior of casein micelles in thin film geometry: a GISANS study?

The water content of casein micelle films in water vapor atmosphere is investigated using time-resolved grazing incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS). Initial dry casein films are prepared with a spin-coating method. At 30 degrees C, the formation of a water-equilibrated casein protein film is reached after 11 min with a total content of 0.36 g of water/g of protein. With increasing water vapor temperature up to 70 degrees C, an increase in the water content is found. With GISANS, lateral structures on the nanometer scale are resolved during the swelling experiment at different temperatures and modeled using two types of spheres: micelles and mini-micelles. Upon water uptake, molecular assemblies in the size range of 15 nm (mini-micelles) are attributed to the formation of a high-contrast D2O outer shell on the small objects that already exist in the protein film. For large objects (>100 nm), the mean size increases at high D2O vapor temperature because of possible aggregation between hydrated micelles. These results are discussed and compared with various proposed models for casein micelle structures.

[Use of plasmapheresis for correction of metabolic disorders in patients with surgical sepsis]. / Ispol'zovanie plazmafereza dlia korrektsii metabolicheskikh narushenii u bol'nykh s khirurgicheskom sepsisom.

Twenty-four patients aged 16-67 years with surgical sepsis developing as a result of pancreonecrosis, gynecological diseases, urological sepsis. closed abdominal injury, and suppurative inflammation of soft tissues were examined. Endotoxemia caused pronounced disorders in metabolism, particularly purine metabolism, and the associated lipid peroxidation processes. Plasmapheresis exerted a positive effect in patients with high concentration of medium molecular-weight polypeptides (more than 0.32 arb. units) in the blood, decreasing the mortality by 40.5%. At lower concentrations of these polypeptides in the blood (less than 0.32 arb. units) plasmapheresis is inefficient.

[Disorders of purine metabolism in patients with peritonitis complicated by sepsis]. / Narusheniia metabolizma purinov u bol'nykh peritonitom, oslozhnivshimsia sepsisom.

Progressive hypoxia and cell destruction leading to increased production of active oxygen forms by xanthinoxidase and manifesting by an increased level of uric acid in the blood in parallel with inhibited pentose cycle reaction due to low activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase determine the severity of peritonitis.