Anthropometric Analysis of Nasolabial Region and Age-Related Changes in Adult Women.

PURPOSE: The nasal and labial characteristics along with the other facial characteristics are different between races. The purpose of this study is to identify nasal and labial features of Turkish women by anthropometric measurements and indices besides to detect variances with aging. METHODS: The study was conducted with total 302 women volunteers whose ages were between 19 and 85. The women included were divided into 3 groups according to their ages; respectively young (ages between 19 and 44), middle-aged (45-59) and senior (>60). By using camera footages with the IT version 3.00 software program, anthropometric measurements of the nasolabial region was performed. RESULTS: The mean nasal length of the included participants was measured as 38.56 ±â€Š8.32 mm while mean nasal height was 50.05 ±â€Š8.36 mm. Mean nasal root width was 13.24 ±â€Š2.70 mm, mean morphological nasal width was 32.16 ±â€Š5.80 mm and mean anatomical nasal width was 27.85 ±â€Š4.92 mm. In addition, mean nasal depth was 19.55 ±â€Š5.25 mm.In the middle-aged group of participants, the nasal length was more than senior group (P < 0.05). Nasal root width was increased with aging (P < 0.05). Morphological and anatomical widths of the nose were increased with aging but increase rate was lower in the senior group (P < 0.05). The nasal depth was lower in the young group in comparison with middle-aged and senior groups (P < 0.05). When nostril types were analyzed; ratios of 'teardrop', 'heart-shaped', 'annular' and 'triangular' types were 51.65%, 0.99%, 6.95%, and 40.39%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: To be acquainted with facial anthropometric features and measurements of nasolabial region which varies with races and aging; would have a significant importance in view of conserving the facial ratio and esthetics in the plastic and reconstructive surgery field.

Morphological Characteristics and Individual Differences of Palatal Rugae.

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the number, symmetry, shape and individual characteristic of palatal rugae. METHODS: In our study, we performed on subjects ages 16 to 57 (23.01 ±â€Š7.12), ranging from a total of 230 (108 female and 122 male). Alginant impression material from each took dimensions of the upper jaw. Then casts were obtained by pouring hard casts. The shapes, lengths, and directions of rugae measured on these casts. The palatine photos were taken by using a mobile phone-Samsung brand with 12 MP camera and an orthodontic mirror. The casts and photographs were selected at random belonging to 100 subjects. Selected at random 10 photographs were matched among 100 casts. The ratios of correct matches were determined. RESULTS: In our study, the total number of palatal rugae was found as 9.49 ±â€Š1.87 in females and 9.42 ±â€Š1.92 in males. The most detected rugae pattern was wavy on both females and males. The most rarely seen rugae pattern was converged in the males and circular in the females. Regarding lengths of rugae, the most detected rugae pattern was the primary one. Regarding the direction of rugae pattern, positive-sided one was the most dominant in both genders. We determined the ratio of matching the casts belonging to Palatine with the photos as 63.5%. The number of rugae aged under 18 and above 41 was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.003), but the number of curved and positive-sided rugae in older ages was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with data from earlier studies, the shapes, length, and direction of palatal rugae were seen specific in every individual, and it was seen to have discriminating characteristics among different populations. The possible differences in individual specific palatal rugae require further studies involving larger samples.

Anthropometric Analysis of Orbital Region and Age-Related Changes in Adult Women.

PURPOSE: Normal morphometric values of the orbital region vary according to age, sex, and ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the normal values of orbital region and analysis age-related changes in adult women. METHODS: Measurements were performed on 311 healthy women, aged between 20 and 87. Subjects were divided into 3 age groups: young (20-44), middle aged (45-59), and old adults (60 and up). The anthropometric measurements of orbital region were performed on the photographs by using IT version 3.00 software programs. RESULTS: The mean values of interpupillar distance and nasofrontal angle were 64.20 ±â€Š5.06 mm, 149.21 ±â€Š9.12° respectively. In young, middle, and old groups the values of outer canthal distance were 92.98 ±â€Š5.85, 91.00 ±â€Š7.04, and 88.02 ±â€Š6.13 mm; inner canthal distances were 31.30 ±â€Š3.07, 31.72 ±â€Š3.51, and 31.66 ±â€Š3.44 mm. Palpebral fissure areas were 163.41 ±â€Š29.98, 144.01 ±â€Š30.90, and 129.11 ±â€Š27.21 mm. Palpebral fissure lengths were 29.96 ±â€Š1.76, 28.45 ±â€Š1.96, and 26.81 ±â€Š1.95 mm; palpebral fissure widths were 9.27 ±â€Š1.21, 8.57 ±â€Š1.25, and 7.98 ±â€Š1.18 mm. Inner canthal angles were 39.29 ±â€Š6.04°, 37.57 ±â€Š6.58°, and 35.78 ±â€Š5.80°; outer canthal angles were 53.90 ±â€Š8.90°, 51.48 ±â€Š8.87°, and 49.87 ±â€Š9.78°. Visible iris areas were 96.04 ±â€Š15.04, 88.63 ±â€Š16.27, and 81.73 ±â€Š14.03 mm, respectively. Interpupillary distance and inner chantal distance measurements showed no significant difference with age. As other measurements were determined decreased with age (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that knowing the normal size of the structures in the orbital region and age-related changes will be useful to maintain the facial proportions in the plastic and reconstructive surgery and to protect aesthetic appearance of the face.