GrapeMOTS: UAV vineyard dataset with MOTS grape bunch annotations recorded from multiple perspectives for enhanced object detection and tracking.

Object Detection and Tracking have provided a valuable tool for many tasks, mostly time-consuming and prone-to-error jobs, including fruit counting while in the field, among others. Fruit counting can be a challenging assignment for humans due to the large quantity of fruit available, which turns it into a mentally-taxing operation. Hence, it is relevant to use technology to ease the task of farmers by implementing Object Detection and Tracking algorithms to facilitate fruit counting. However, those algorithms suffer undercounting due to occlusion, which means that the fruit is hidden behind a leaf or a branch, complicating the detection task. Consequently, gathering the datasets from multiple viewing angles is essential to boost the likelihood of recording the images and videos from the most visible point of view. Furthermore, the most critical open-source datasets do not include labels for certain fruits, such as grape bunches. This study aims to unravel the scarcity of public datasets, including labels, to train algorithms for grape bunch Detection and Tracking by considering multiple angles acquired with a UAV to overcome fruit occlusion challenges.

EscaYard: Precision viticulture multimodal dataset of vineyards affected by Esca disease consisting of geotagged smartphone images, phytosanitary status, UAV 3D point clouds and Orthomosaics.

The "EscaYard" dataset comprises multimodal data collected from vineyards to support agricultural research, specifically focusing on vine health and productivity. Data collection involved two primary methods: (1) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for capturing multispectral images and 3D point clouds, and (2) smartphones for detailed ground-level photography. The UAV used was DJI Matrice 210 V2 RTK, equipped with a Micasense Altum sensor, flying at 30 m above ground level to ensure detailed coverage. Ground-level data were collected using smartphones (iPhone X and Xiaomi Poco X3 Pro), which provided high-resolution images of individual plants. These images were geotagged, enabling location mapping, and included data on the phytosanitary status and number of grape clusters per plant. Additionally, the dataset contains RTK GNSS data, offering high-precision location information for each vine, enhancing the dataset's value for spatial analysis. Moreover, the dataset is structured to support various research applications, including agronomy, remote sensing, and machine learning. It is particularly suited for studying disease detection, yield estimation, and vineyard management strategies. The high-resolution and multispectral nature of the data allows for a detailed analysis of vineyard conditions. Potential reuse of the dataset spans multiple disciplines, enabling studies on environmental monitoring, geographic information systems (GIS), and precision agriculture. Its comprehensive nature makes it a valuable resource for developing and testing algorithms for disease classification, yield prediction, and plant phenotyping. For instance, the images of bunches and grape leaves can be used to train object detection algorithms for accurate disease detection and consequent precise spraying. Moreover, yield prediction algorithms can be trained by extracting the phenotypic traits of the grape bunches. The "EscaYard" dataset provides a foundation for advancing research in sustainable farming practices, optimising crop health, and improving productivity through precise agricultural technologies.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Hemimegalencephaly Using Radiological Methods: A Case Report.

Hemimegalencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by an increase in the size and dysplastic involvement of one cerebral hemisphere, which can be partial or complete. It may also be associated with anomalies in the cerebellum and brainstem and, in some cases, be a part of different syndromes. The result of these abnormalities leads to intractable epilepsy and developmental delay. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging studies in the postnatal period, but it can also be done before birth. We present the case of a 23-week pregnant patient in whom a prenatal diagnosis of hemimegalencephaly was made, highlighting the need for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm the diagnosis.

VineLiDAR: High-resolution UAV-LiDAR vineyard dataset acquired over two years in northern Spain.

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology's precision in data collection has gained immense traction in the field of remote sensing, particularly in Precision Agriculture using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). To fulfill the pressing need for public UAV LiDAR datasets in the domain of Agricultural Sciences, especially for woody crops such as vineyards, this study presents an extensive dataset of LiDAR data collected from vineyards in northern Spain. The DJI M300 multi-rotor platform, equipped with a DJI Zenmuse L1 LiDAR sensor, conducted UAV flights at 20, 30, and 50 meters above ground level (AGL) across two vineyards during three development stages in 2021 and 2022. This dataset is composed of ten high-density 3D LiDAR point clouds stored in .laz format with embedded RGB information in each point. It provides insights into vineyard morphology and development, thereby aiding in the optimization of vineyard management strategies. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable tool for agricultural robotics, offering comprehensive terrain information for developing efficient flight paths and navigation algorithms. Finally, it serves as a reliable "ground truth" dataset to validate satellite-derived models, facilitating the creation of highly accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) and other derived models.

Comparing Nadir and Oblique Thermal Imagery in UAV-Based 3D Crop Water Stress Index Applications for Precision Viticulture with LiDAR Validation.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) thermal imagery is rapidly becoming an essential tool in precision agriculture. Its ability to enable widespread crop status assessment is increasingly critical, given escalating water demands and limited resources, which drive the need for optimizing water use and crop yield through well-planned irrigation and vegetation management. Despite advancements in crop assessment methodologies, including the use of vegetation indices, 2D mapping, and 3D point cloud technologies, some aspects remain less understood. For instance, mission plans often capture nadir and oblique images simultaneously, which can be time- and resource-intensive, without a clear understanding of each image type's impact. This issue is particularly critical for crops with specific growth patterns, such as woody crops, which grow vertically. This research aims to investigate the role of nadir and oblique images in the generation of CWSI (Crop Water Stress Index) maps and CWSI point clouds, that is 2D and 3D products, in woody crops for precision agriculture. To this end, products were generated using Agisoft Metashape, ArcGIS Pro, and CloudCompare to explore the effects of various flight configurations on the final outcome, seeking to identify the most efficient workflow for each remote sensing product. A linear regression analysis reveals that, for generating 2D products (orthomosaics), combining flight angles is redundant, while 3D products (point clouds) are generated equally from nadir and oblique images. Volume calculations show that combining nadir and oblique flights yields the most accurate results for CWSI point clouds compared to LiDAR in terms of geometric representation (R2 = 0.72), followed by the nadir flight (R2 = 0.68), and, finally, the oblique flight (R2 = 0.54). Thus, point clouds offer a fuller perspective of the canopy. To our knowledge, this is the first time that CWSI point clouds have been used for precision viticulture, and this knowledge can aid farm managers, technicians, or UAV pilots in optimizing the capture of UAV image datasets in line with their specific goals.

Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin?

Biogeography is a key concept associated with microbial terroir, which is responsible for the differentiation and uniqueness of wines. One of the factors influencing this microbial terroir is the vegetation, which in turn is influenced by climate, soil, and cultural practices. Remote sensing instruments can provide useful information about vegetation. This study analyses the relationship between NDVI, calculated using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite images of different veraison dates, and microbial data obtained in 2015 from 14 commercial (organic and conventional) vineyards belonging to four Designations of Origin (DOs) from Galicia (northwest Spain). Microbial populations in grapes and musts were identified using PCR techniques and confirmed by sequencing. Statistical analyses were made using PCA, CCA, TB-PLS, and correlation analyses. This study confirms that the NDVI is positively correlated with the diversity of yeasts, both in grapes' surface and must samples. Moreover, the results of this study show: (i) Sentinel-2 images, as well as Landsat-8 images, can establish differences in NDVI related to yeast terroir in grapes and musts, as it is the most relevant DO factor, (ii) Sentinel-2 NDVI and yeast biogeography are moderately to strongly correlated, (iii) Sentinel-2 achieved a better delimitation of the DOs than Landsat-8 and can establish more accurate differences in NDVI-yeast terroir correlations, and (iv) a higher NDVI was associated with the yeast biogeographical patterns of the DOs with higher species richness (S) consisting of weakly fermenting yeasts (Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia spp., Starmerella bacillaris, and Zygosaccharomyces spp). However, NDVI values did not correlate well with biogeographic patterns of yeasts previously studied at frequency level (proportion or percentage of each species) in each particular DO. This study suggests that satellite imagery has the potential to be a valuable tool for wine quality management and a decision-making instrument for DO regulators and winegrowers.

Dataset on UAV RGB videos acquired over a vineyard including bunch labels for object detection and tracking.

Counting the number of grape bunches at an early stage of development offers relevant information to the winegrower about the potential yield to be harvested. However, manual counting on the fields is laborious and time-consuming. Remote sensing, and more precisely unmanned aerial vehicles mounted with RGB or multispectral cameras, facilitate this task rapidly and accurately. This dataset contains 40 RGB videos from a 1.06-ha vineyard located in northern Spain. Moreover, the dataset includes mask labels of visible grape bunches. The videos were acquired throughout four UAV flights with an RGB camera tilted at 60 degrees. Each flight recorded one side of a row of the vineyard. The grape berries were between pea-size (BBCH75) and bunch closure (BBCH79) stage, which is two months before harvesting. No operations other than those usual in a commercial vineyard, such as pruning, cane tying, fertilization, and pest treatment, have been carried out, hence, the dataset presents leaf occlusion. The dataset was gathered and labelled to train object detection and tracking algorithms for grape bunch counting. Furthermore, it eases the work of winegrowers to check the sanitary status of the vineyard.

Dataset on unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral images acquired over a vineyard affected by Botrytis cinerea in northern Spain.

Remote sensing makes it possible to gather data rapidly, precisely, accurately, and non-destructively, allowing it to assess grapevines accurately in near real-time. In addition, multispectral cameras capture information in different bands, which can be combined to generate vegetation indices useful in precision agriculture. This dataset contains 16,504 multispectral images from a 1.06 ha vineyard affected by Botrytis cinerea, in the north of Spain. The photos were taken throughout four UAV flights at 30 m height with varying camera angles on 16 September 2021, the same date as the grape harvest. The first flight took place with the camera tilted at 0° (nadir angle), the second flight at 30°, the third flight at 45°, and the fourth flight was also performed at 0° but was scheduled in the afternoon to capture the shadows of the plants projected on the ground. This dataset was created to support researchers interested in disease detection and, in general, UAV remote sensing in vineyards and other woody crops. Moreover, it allows digital photogrammetry and 3D reconstruction in the context of precision agriculture, enabling the study of the effect of different tilt angles on the 3D reconstruction of the vineyard and the generation of orthomosaics.

Regionally variant collagen alignment correlates with viscoelastic properties of the disc of the human temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the regionally variant quality of collagen alignment in human TMJ discs and its statistical correlation with viscoelastic properties. DESIGN: For quantitative analysis of the quality of collagen alignment, horizontal sections of human TMJ discs with Pricrosirius Red staining were imaged under circularly polarized microscopy. Mean angle and angular deviation of collagen fibers in each region were analyzed using a well-established automated image-processing for angular gradient. Instantaneous and relaxation moduli of each disc region were measured under stress-relaxation test both in tensile and compression. Then Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the angular deviation and the moduli. To understand the effect of glycosaminoglycans on the correlation, TMJ disc samples were treated by chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC). RESULTS: Our imaging processing analysis showed the region-variant direction of collagen alignment, consistently with previous findings. Interestingly, the quality of collagen alignment, not only the directions, was significantly different in between the regions. The angular deviation of fiber alignment in the anterior and intermediate regions were significantly smaller than the posterior region. Medial and lateral regions showed significantly bigger angular deviation than all the other regions. The regionally variant angular deviation values showed statistically significant correlation with the tensile instantaneous modulus and the relaxation modulus, partially dependent on C-ABC treatment. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the region-variant degree of collagen fiber alignment is likely attributed to the heterogeneous viscoelastic properties of TMJ disc that may have significant implications in development of regenerative therapy for TMJ disc.

Síndrome de vasoconstricción cerebral reversible: Presentación como hemorragia subaracnoidea de la convexidad / Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction: Subarachnoid Convexity Hemorrhage

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas e imaginológicas de 5 pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de vasoconstricción reversible. Métodos: Se hizo una evaluación retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de cinco pacientes con clínica e imágenes compatibles con síndrome de vasoconstricción cerebral reversible en un hospital de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín. Resultados: Los cinco casos correspondían a mujeres con una edad promedio de 50 años. En un caso se identificó como posible agente causal el consumo de bebidas energizantes con alto contenido de taurina. Todos los pacientes se presentaron con hemorragia subaracnoidea en la convexidad y evolucionaron de forma favorable. Conclusión: El síndrome de vasoconstricción cerebral reversible debe ser uno de los diagnósticos diferenciales etiológicos de hemorragia subaracnoidea de la convexidad; se presenta predominantemente en mujeres entre la cuarta y sexta década de la vida y usualmente tiene un curso benigno.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical, epidemiological and imaging characteristics of 5 patients with a diagnosis of reversible vasoconstriction syndrome. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of the clinical records of 5 patients with clinical and imaging diagnosis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome was carried out in a high complexity hospital in the city of Medellín. Results: The five cases were women with an average age of 50 years. In one case, the consumption of energy drinks with a high taurine content was identified as a possible causative agent. All cases presented with brain convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage. The clinical outcome was favorable. Conclusion: The reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage. It occurs predominantly in women between the fourth and sixth decade of life and usually has a benign course.

Extrofia vesical en un neonato y su relación con otras malformaciones congénitas / Bladder exstrophy in a newborn and its relationship with other congenital defects

Antecedentes: La extrofia vesical una entidad rara que ocurre en 1:10-50,000 niño, es un defecto grave del cierre de la pared abdominal fetal, el espectro del defecto va desde la epispadia hasta la extrofia de cloaca. Caso clínico: Recién nacido masculino que presenta hernia inguino-escrotal y agenesia del dedo pulgar izquierdo, se le realizó ultrasonido de abdomen, encontrándose agenesia renal derecha y diástasis congénita del hueso púbico, mostrando además la ecocardiografía cardiopatía cianótica congénita con doble cámara desalida de ventrículo derecho, comunicación interventricular perimenbranosa subaórtica, estenosis leve de válvula pulmonar y comunicación interauricular tipo ostium secundum. El abordaje fue multidisciplinario y se realizó intervención quirúrgica de la extrofia vesical a los 42 días deedad. Conclusión: en la actualidad, con el progreso de la tectonología, la mayoría de malformaciones congénitas pueden ser diagnosticadas en el periodo prenatal, de ahí la necesidad del control prenatal, que los ultrasonidos sean realizados por personal calificado, o la incorporación de otras pruebas precisas, como la α-fetoproteína. La reparación de la extrofia vesical requiere experiencia para disminuir la alta morbimortalidad neonatal asociada a esta causa, pero hay que considerar también, que se puede acompañar de otras malformaciones internas, por lo que se requiere evaluación multidisplinaria de estos pacientes para su detección y manejo oportuno. A continuación se describe el segundo caso reportado en la literatura hondureña de extrofia vesical.

Fístulas carótido-cavernosas: resultados clínico y angiográfico de los pacientes tratados por el Grupo de Neurorradiología del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, 1995-2007, Medellín, Colombia / Carotid-cavernous fistulae: Clinical and angiographic results in patients treated by the Neuro-radiology Group at a third-level University Hospital in Medellín, Colombia, 1995-2007

Introducción: las fístulas carótido-cavernosas son frecuentes en Medellín, Colombia, y su tratamiento quirúrgico se asocia a tasas elevadas de complicaciones debido a las características anatómicas peculiares de esta zona; por ello la terapia endovascular ha surgido como la primera opción de tratamiento para los pacientes con este trastorno. Objetivo: describir las principales características de un grupo de pacientes con fístulas carótido-cavernosas, el procedimiento terapéutico empleado y los resultados clínicos y angiográficos obtenidos. Pacientes y métodos: se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 51 pacientes tratados por el grupo de Neurorradiología del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, entre los años 1995 y 2007. Se tuvieron en cuenta algunas variables demográficas, la etiología de la fístula, el estado clínico inicial y final, el tipo de fístula, el método terapéutico empleado y los resultados angiográficos. Resultados: se encontró un total de 51 pacientes, tres de ellos con fístulas bilaterales para un total de 54 fístulas; sin embargo, las fístulas de dos pacientes se resolvieron espontáneamente y la de otro se resolvió con masaje carotídeo. Por ello el tratamiento endovascular se hizo en solo 48 pacientes. El promedio de edad fue de 35 años, con predominio del sexo masculino (74,5%). Las fístulas fueron traumáticas en 47 pacientes (92,2%), y espontáneas en cuatro (7,8%); de los 47 pacientes con fístulas traumáticas, en 33 (70,2%) se originaron por trauma cerrado, en 12 (25,5%) por heridas con arma de fuego, y en dos (4,3%) por herida con arma cortopunzante. Las manifestaciones clínicas encontradas en orden descendente de frecuencia fueron: quemosis, proptosis, soplo, dolor, disminución de la agudeza visual y sangrado intracraneal. Según la clasificación de Barrow, las fístulas fueron de tipo A en el 86,0% de los casos, de tipo B en el 9,8%, de tipo C en el 1,9% y de tipo D en el 1,9%...

Introduction: Carotid-cavernous fistulae are frequently found in Medellín, Colombia and their surgical treatment associates with a high rate of complications due to the peculiarities of this anatomic zone. Endovascular therapy has become the first option in patients with these lesions. Objective: to describe the main demographic, clinical and angiographic features of a group of patients with carotid-cavernous fistulae, the therapeutic approach used in them, and the results obtained from the clinical and angiographic standpoints. Patients and methods: We reviewed the clinical charts of 51 patients treated by the Neuro-radiology Group at Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, in Medellín, Colombia, between 1995 and 2007. The following information was taken into account: demographic variables, etiology, initial and final clinical situation, therapeutic procedures, and angiographic results. Results: A total of 51 patients were found, three of which had bilateral lesions. Two patients had spontaneous resolution of their fistulae and in one more it resolved with carotid massage. Endovascular treatment was therefore carried out in only 48 patients. Average age was 35 years, and 74.5% of the patients were males. Fistulae were traumatic in 47 patients (92.2%) and spontaneous in four (7.8%). Out of the 47 traumatic fistulae, 33 (70.2%) were due to closed cranio-encephalic trauma. In 12 they were produced by firearm wounds and in two they were due to wounds with sharp instruments. In decreasing order of frequency clinical manifestations were: chemosis, proptosis, murmur, pain, decreased visual acuity and intracranial bleeding. Concerning the type of fistula (Barrow classification), they were type A in 86.0%, type B in 9.8%, type C in 1.9% and type D in 1.9%...

Los jóvenes: población vulnerable del VIH/SIDA / The youth: a vulnerable population for HIV/AIDS

La epidemia del VIH/SIDA continúa siendo un problema de salud pública a pesar de los esfuerzos intersectoriales en el contexto mundial. Los jóvenes están en el centro de la epidemia; más de la mitad de las nuevas infecciones por el VIH que se producen en la actualidad afectan a personas entre 15 y 24 años de edad, período en el que la mayoría de los individuos inician su vida sexual y están enfrentados a otros factores de vulnerabilidad tales como la falta de competencia para el ejercicio de una sexualidad responsable, la baja percepción del riesgo, las presiones de grupo, el alto número de parejas sexuales, el abuso de alcohol y sustancias psicoactivas, el desconocimiento de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y la deficiente e inadecuada información sobre transmisión y prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual como el VIH y el SIDA. Para la sociedad es urgente encontrar la forma de detener la propagación y conseguir la manera más adecuada para abordar el tema con los jóvenes. En este artículo se exponen las conclusiones de algunos estudios que muestran la situación mundial, programas de prevención, factores de riesgo y factores protectores de la epidemia VIH/SIDA en la población joven.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a public health problem despite the intersectioral efforts worldwide. Young people are at the centre of the epidemic; more than half of new HIV infections currently affect people between 15 and 24 years of age, whenthe majority of individuals start their sexual activity, and when they are faced with other vulnerability factors such as the lack of competence for living a responsible sexuality, low perception of risk, peer-pressure, high number of sexual partners, alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse, sexual and reproductive rights unawareness and poor and inadequate information ontransmission and prevention of STDs such as HIV / AIDS infections. For our society it is critical to find ways for containing the spread of the epidemic and achieve the most appropriate way to deal with it in young people. This article presents the conclusions of some studies showing the global situation, prevention programs, risk factors and protective factors for the HIV/ AIDS epidemic in young people.

Morbimortalidad de la terapia endovascular en el tratamiento de estenosis carotídea extracraneana: Colombia 1996 - 2008 / Morbimortality of endovascular therapy in the treatment of extracraneal carotid artery stenosis: Colombia 1996-2008

Para el tratamiento de la enfermedad carotídea se recomienda como primera elección la endarterectomía, reservándose la angioplastia stent para pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico, por sus comorbilidades o por la localización de la estenosis. Objetivo: Evaluar la morbimortalidad y los beneficios de la terapia endovascular: angioplastia y stent, para el tratamiento de la estenosis carotídea en pacientes tratados, durante un período de 12 años. Materiales y métodos: Entre septiembre de 1996 y mayo de 2008 se realizaron 174 angioplastias e implantación de stent en 148 pacientes (26 de los cuales fueron tratados por estenosis bilateral). Resultados y discusión: Los resultados mostraron una morbimortalidad de 2% que es menor o igual a lo reportado en la literatura mundial.

For the treatment of the carotid disease the endarterectomy is recommended as the first election, saving the angioplasty stent for patients with surgical risk, due to comorbidities or the location of the stenosis. Objetive: To evaluate the morbidity, mortality and benefits of endovascular therapy: angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of carotid stenosis in patients treated during a period of 12 years. Materials and methods: Between september 1996 and may 2008, 174 angioplasties and implantation of stent were realized in 148 patients (26 of which were treated for bilateral stenosis). Results and discussion: The results showed a mortality of 2 % that is less or equal to the reported in the world literature.

Hallazgos imaginológicos en el síndrome de phaces: reporte de caso / Imaging findings in phaces syndrome: case report

Los hemangiomas de tipo capilar son los tumores de la infancia más frecuentes, principalmente en niños menores de un año de edad y usualmente afectan la cabeza y el cuello. Por lo general, están solitarios; sin embargo, aproximadamente un 20% de los niños con grandes hemangiomas cervicofaciales tendrán una de las anomalías asociadas en el síndrome de PHACES, un raro síndrome neurocutáneo de predominio en el sexo femenino, con características mayores, como malformaciones cerebrales en la fosa posterior, hemangiomas de tipo capilar, anomalías arteriales, coartación de aorta, defectos cardiacos y anormalidades oculares. Cuando se asocia con hendidura esternal o rafe supraumbilical, es referido como síndrome de PHACES. Se presenta el caso de una niña de cuatro años de edad con hemangioma facial congénito asociado con anomalías vasculares cerebrales y de la fosa posterior.

Capillary hemangiomas of infancy are the most common childhood tumors, mainly in children under 1 year old, and they usually involve the head and neck. They are usually solitary, but about 20% of the children with large cervicofacial hemangiomas will have one of the anomalies associated with PHACES syndrome. PHACES is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome with female predominance and features such as: brain malformations in the posteriorfossa, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta, heart defects, and ocular abnormalities. When associated with sternal slit and/or supraumbilical Raphe, it is referredto as PHACES syndrome. The case of a 4-year-old child with congenital facial hemangioma associated to the posterior fossa and with cerebral vascular anomalies is presented.

Compresión carotídea manual externa: una opción de tratamiento para la fístula carótido-cavernosa / External manual carotid compression: an option of ztreatmentfor carotid-cavernous fistula

Las fistulas durales arteriovenosas intracraneales pueden ocurrir en cualquier parte dentro de la duramadre. Los pacientes pueden estar clínicamente asintomáticos o experimentar desde leves síntomas hasta hemorragias catastróficas, según la localización y el patrón de drenaje de la fístula. En la fístula del seno cavernoso, hay ramas durales de las arterias carótida interna o externa que se comunican con el seno cavernoso. La compresión manual externa de la carótida es una técnica no invasiva para el tratamiento de esta clase de fístula. Algunos pacientes con fístula arteriovenosa del seno cavernoso pueden presentar resolución completa mediante esta opción terapéutica.

Atrofia del sistema múltiple: diferenciación y hallazgos por resonancia magnética presentación de casos / Multiple system atrophy: mr findings. Case presentation

La atrofia de múltiples sistemas (AMS) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo de causa desconocida caracterizado clínicamente por signos y síntomas de parkinsonismo, autonómicos, cerebelosos o piramidales. Su diferenciación con la enfermedad de parkinson puede ser difícil, principalmente en estadios tempranos, debido a la sobreposición de sus hallazgos. La resonancia magnética ha demostrado utilidad en el diagnóstico de la AMS y en su diferenciación de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Se describe un caso con los hallazgos en resonancia magnética.

Resonancia magnética en neuralgia del trigémino: presentación de tres casos / MRI in trigeminal neuralgia: presentation of three cases

La neuralgia del trigémino se caracteriza por episodios de dolor facial lancinante. Puede ser causada por diversas patologías que afectan cualquiera de los segmentos del V par. La resonancia magnética es de elección cuando se requieren estudios de imagen. Se presentan tres casos evaluados por este método y comprobados por cirugía.

Hidrocefalia obstructiva secundaria a anomalías vasculares: serie de casos / Obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to vascular anomalies: series of cases

La asociación entre hidrocefalia y malformaciones vasculares congénitas o adquiridas es frecuente cuando se presenta hemorragia intracraneana. Se han descrito dos procesos básicos para explicar dicha asociación: la impactación de pequeños trombos en los sitios de drenaje de líquido cefalorraquídeo y la alteración en la absorción del líquido por parte de las vellosidades aracnoideas. No es común que dichas anomalías vasculares causen hidrocefalia por efecto compresivo directo sobre el sistema ventricular sin asociarse necesariamente a hemorragia. En esta revisión presentamos tres casos de hidrocefalia originada por la compresión directa de la malformación vascular sobre algún sitio crítico de drenaje de líquido cefalorraquídeo sin indicios de hemorragia y un caso asociado a hipertensión venosa como causa de alteración en la absorción de dicho líquido.