RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the chemoprotective potential of karanjin against 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-six female rats were utilized for the study. Breast cancer was induced through a subcutaneous injection of 35 mg/kg DMBA. The animals were allocated to six groups. Three groups were allocated for karanjin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg), and received daily treatment for 20 weeks (including 2 weeks as pre-treatment). Doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) was administered to the standard control group twice a week for 20 weeks. The disease control (DC) and normal control (NC) groups received daily treatment with saline. After the treatment, oxidative stress parameters, biochemical parameters, and inflammatory parameters were estimated. CCAAT-displacement protein/cut homeobox (CUP/Cux) and scaffold/matrix attachment region binding protein 1 (SMAR1) expression levels were measured through gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to estimate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). RESULTS: Tumor growth reduced significantly (P-value < 0.01) in karanjin-treated animals compared to the DC group. Karanjin significantly (P-value < 0.01) regulated the levels of oxidative stress parameters, biochemical parameters, and inflammatory parameters compared to the DC group. Karanjin treatment significantly (P-value < 0.001) regulated the expression levels of SMAR1 and CDP/Cux. A notable reduction in the IHC scores was observed for ER, PR, and HER2 expression in karanjin groups. CONCLUSION: Karanjin demonstrated chemoprotective activity against DMBA-induced breast cancer in animals potentially through modulation of SMAR1 and CDP/Cux gene expression and reduction of ER, PR and HER2 expression levels.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are quite commonly used since several years for soft tissue augmentation. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate primarily the safety and secondarily the clinical effectiveness of Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate 24 mg with Lidocaine 3 mg (Jeunesso 24L) injection, in subjects undergoing treatment for facial wrinkles and lip augmentation. METHOD: Patients between the age groups of 18 and 75 years, who were seeking soft tissue augmentation treatment on the face and with wrinkle severity score (WSS) ≥2 for bilateral Nasolabial Folds (NLF), were included in the study. The appropriate quantity of the filler was injected at the treatment site. Clinical efficacy assessments were conducted independently at 3 and 6 months after baseline. Clinical efficacy was assessed using Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). RESULTS: The mean pain score was found to be 2.57 ± 2.06 immediately after injection which was reduced to 0.1 ± 0.675 at 15 min and this further subsided to "No Pain" in any of the participants at 60 min post the injection. WSRS mean score before treatment was 2.76, which were significantly reduced to 2.14, at 3 months. Majority of participants found an improvement in the marionette line severity. Also, significant improvements were seen in the perioral and lip areas. The Study filler was well-tolerated and no side effects were reported. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that this particular filler, HA+L, is useful for cosmetic improvements in the nasolabial folds and for enhancement of the lips.