Revealing the links between hair metal(loids) and alterations in blood pressure among children in e-waste recycling areas through urinary metabolomics.

Hypertension is prevalent in e-waste recycling areas, and elevated blood pressure in children significantly increases the risk of hypertension in adulthood. However, the associations and toxic pathways between chronic exposure to metal(loids) and elevated blood pressure are rarely investigated. In this study, we measured the levels of 29 hair metal(loids) (chronic exposure biomarkers) and blood pressure in 667 susceptible children from an e-waste recycling area to explore their relationships. Paired urine metabolomics analysis was also performed to interpret potential mechanistic pathways. Results showed that the hypertension prevalence in our recruited children (13.0 %) exceeded the average rate (9.5 %) for Chinese children aged 6-17 years. The top five abundant metal(loids), including lead, strontium, barium, and zinc, demonstrated the most profound associations with elevated systolic blood pressure. Quantile g-computation, weighted quantile sum, and Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis jointly demonstrated a significant association between chronic exposure to metal(loids) mixture and systolic blood pressure. Interestingly, selenium showed significant antagonistic interactions with these four metals, suggesting that supplementing selenium may help children resist the elevated blood pressure induced by metal(loids) exposure. Increased metal(loids) and blood pressure levels were significantly linked to changes in urine metabolomics. Structural equation model indicated that androsterone glucuronide and N-Acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic acid were the significant mediators of the associations between metal(loids) and blood pressure, with mediation effects of 77.4 % and 29.0 %, respectively, suggesting that androsterone glucuronide and N-Acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic acid may be involved in the development of metal-induced blood pressure elevating effect. Girls were more vulnerable to metal(loids)-induced hormonal imbalance, especially androsterone glucuronide, than boys. Chronic exposure to metal(loids) at e-waste recycling sites may contribute to elevated blood pressure in children through disrupting various metabolism pathways, particularly hormonal balance. Our study provides new insights into potential mechanistic pathways of metal(loids)-induced changes in children's blood pressure.

The Impact of Starting Positions and Breathing Rhythms on Cardiopulmonary Stress and Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption after High-Intensity Metabolic Training: A Randomized Crossover Prospective Study.

Background: The exploration of optimizing cardiopulmonary function and athletic performance through high-intensity metabolic exercises (HIMEs) is paramount in sports science. Despite the acknowledged efficacy of HIMEs in enhancing cardiopulmonary endurance, the high metabolic stress imposed on the cardiopulmonary system, especially for amateurs, necessitates a scaled approach to training. Objective: The aim of this study is to ascertain whether adjustments in the initiation posture and the adoption of an appropriate breathing strategy can effectively mitigate the cardiopulmonary stress induced by HIMEs without compromising training efficacy. Methods: Twenty-two subjects were recruited into this study. The post-exercise heart rate (PHR) and post-exercise oxygen consumption rate (POCR) were collected within 30 min after exercise. A two-way ANOVA, multi-variable Cox regression, and random survival forest machine learning algorithm were used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results: Under free breathing, only the maximum POCR differed significantly between standing and prone positions, with prone positions showing higher stress (mean difference = 3.15, p < 0.001). In contrast, the regulated breathing rhythm enhanced performance outcomes compared to free breathing regardless of the starting position. Specifically, exercises initiated from prone positions under regulated breathing recorded a significantly higher maximum and average PHR than those from standing positions (maximum PHR: mean difference = 13.40, p < 0.001; average PHR: mean difference = 6.45, p < 0.001). The multi-variable Cox regression highlighted the starting position as a critical factor influencing the PHR and breathing rhythm as a significant factor for the POCR, with respective variable importances confirmed by the random survival forest analysis. These results underscore the importance of controlled breathing and starting positions in optimizing HIME outcomes. Conclusions: Regulated breathing in high-intensity exercises enhances performance and physiological functions, emphasizing the importance of breathing rhythm over starting position. Effective training should balance exercise volume and technique to optimize performance and minimize stress, reducing overtraining and injury risks.

Analysis of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Modes for Congenital Branchial Cleft Anomalies.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate and assess the clinical data of 123 patients diagnosed with congenital branchial cleft anomalies (CBCAs), to summarize pivotal aspects concerning their clinical diagnosis and treatment process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 123 patients who underwent surgical intervention for CBCAs at our institution between August 2005 and September 2021. The clinical demographic characteristics of the patients, primary symptoms, treatment chronology, preoperative diagnostic assessments, surgical strategies, occurrences of postoperative complications, and rates of recurrence were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the enrolled patients, there were 43 cases (34.9%) of congenital first branchial cleft anomalies (CFBCA), 76 cases (61.8%) of congenital second branchial cleft anomalies (CSBCA), and 4 cases (3.3%) of congenital third branchial cleft anomalies (CTBCA), with no cases of congenital fourth branchial anomalies (CFBA). Notably, among all cases, 43 anomalies were situated in the upper one-third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, while 80 anomalies were located in the lower one-third. Different surgical approaches were selected for patients based on the specific type of anomaly presented. Following surgery, there was recurrence in 14 cases, with factors such as patient age, clinical categorization, lesion type, and history of preoperative infection and surgical intervention identified as primary risk factors for it. CONCLUSION: CBCAs represent comparatively uncommon disorders affecting the head and cervical regions in clinical practice. Diagnostic modes such as ultrasonography and lipiodol contrast radiography can be used for accurate diagnosis, with surgical intervention serving as the primary therapeutic method.

Safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents versus heparin-bonded stents in treatment of femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease: study protocol for a multicentre, prospective randomised controlled trial in China (ELITE trial).

INTRODUCTION: Endovascular therapy has emerged as a prominent strategy for managing femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease, offering acceptable safety and efficacy compared with open surgical bypass. Both paclitaxel-eluting stents and heparin-bonded covered stents have exhibited enhanced clinical outcomes compared with bare metal stents. However, there is currently a lack of level I evidence comparing the safety and efficacy of paclitaxel-eluting stents and heparin-bonded covered stents. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of these two types of stents. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The ELITE trial is a prospective, multicentre, parallel, randomised controlled trial. A total of 450 patients will be recruited. The primary endpoints of the study include primary patency at 1 year post-index procedure. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (approval number: 2023-1186). The results will be submitted to a major clinical journal for peer review and publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ELITE trial was registered on 27 September 2023 in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2300076236).

Uncovering quality changes of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) during solar drying and its relationship with protein-related properties.

This study explored the intrinsic relationship between the quality traits and protein-related property changes during the solar drying of shrimps (Penaeus vannamei). During drying, the shrimp exhibited a gradual decline in L*a*b* values and a notable increase in the hardness and chewiness. Proteins were degraded and oxidized. Especially, the trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide and carbonyl contents increased, whereas the total sulfhydryl content decreased. The proportions of different types of intramolecular bonds were significantly changed. The ionic and hydrogen bonds greatly decreased to 10.72% and 9.05% and the hydrophobic and disulfide bonds notably increased to 19.38% and 28.19%, indicating the changes in the spatial structure of the protein and its denaturation during the drying process. The Pearson's correlation analysis showed that protein degradation and denaturation greatly affected the textural properties and protein oxidation caused color changes. The result of this work provides a theoretical support for improving the quality of shrimp products.

Bottom Contact Engineering for Ambient Fabrication of >25% Durable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The bottom contact in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is easy to cause deep trap states and severe instability issues, especially under maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In this study, sodium gluconate (SG) is employed to disperse tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and regulate the interface contact at the buried interface. The SG-SnO2 electron transfer layer (ETL) enabled the deposition of pinhole-free perovskite films in ambient air and improved interface contact by bridging effect. SG-SnO2 PSCs achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.34% (certified as 25.17%) with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) exceeding 1.19 V. The VOC loss is less than 0.34 V relative to the 1.53 eV bandgap, and the fill factor (FF) loss is only 2.02% due to the improved contact. The SG-SnO2 PSCs retained around 90% of their initial PCEs after 1000 h operation (T90 = 1000 h), higher than T80 = 1000 h for the control SnO2 PSC. Microstructure analysis revealed that light-induced degradation primarily occurred at the buried holes and grain boundaries and highlighted the importance of bottom-contact engineering.

Development and Validation of a User Friendly Morphology Grading System (PATENT) Predicting Aortic Remodelling After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in High Risk Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to create a morphology grading system, solely based on 2D images from computed tomography angiography, to predict negative aortic remodelling (NAR) for patients with high risk uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). METHODS: This single centre retrospective cohort study extracted and analysed consecutive patients diagnosed with high risk uncomplicated TBAD. Negative aortic remodelling was defined as an increase in the false lumen or total aortic diameter, or decrease in the true lumen diameter. The multivariable Cox regression model identified risk factors and a prediction model was created for two year freedom from NAR. A three category grading system, in which patients were classified into low, medium, and high risk groups, was further developed and internally validated. RESULTS: Of 351 patients included, 99 (28%) developed NAR. The median age was 52 years (interquartile range 45, 62 years) and 56 (16%) were female. The rate of two year freedom from NAR was 71% (95% CI 65 - 77%). After the multivariable Cox regression analysis, Patent false lumen, Aberrant right subclavian artery, Taper ratio, abdominal circumferential Extent, coeliac artery or reNal artery involved, and four channel dissection (Three false lumens) remained independent predictors and were included in the PATENT grading system. The risk score was statistically significantly associated with NAR (HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.14 - 1.29; p < .001). The medium and high risk groups demonstrated a higher rate of NAR (medium risk, HR 2.82; 95% CI 1.57 - 5.01; p = .001; high risk, HR 4.39; 95% CI 2.58 - 7.48; p < .001). The grading system was characterised by robust discrimination with Harrell's C index of 0.68 (95% CI 0.63 - 0.75). CONCLUSION: The PATENT grading system was characterised by good discrimination and calibration, which may serve as a clinician friendly tool to aid risk stratification for TBAD patients after TEVAR.

Enhance Carrier Diffusion of Monolayer MoSe2 by Interface Engineering.

Two-dimensional materials hold great potentials for beyond-CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) electronical and optoelectrical applications, and the development of field effect transistors (FET) with excellent performance using such materials is of particular interest. How to improve the performance of devices thus becomes an urgent issue. The performance of FETs depends greatly on the intrinsic electrical properties of the channel materials, meanwhile the device interface quality, such as extrinsic scattering of charged impurities, charge traps, and substrate surface roughness have a great influence on the performance. In this paper, the impact of the interface quality on the carrier diffusion behaviors of monolayer (ML) MoSe2 has been investigated by using an in situ ultrafast laser technique to avoid the surface contamination during device fabrication process. Two types of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are introduced to modify the gate dielectric surface through an interface engineering approach to obtain chemical-stable interfaces. The results showed that the transport properties of ML MoSe2 were enhanced after interface engineering, for example, the carrier mobility of ML MoSe2 was improved from ∼59.4 to ∼166.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 after the SAM modification. Meanwhile, the photocarrier dynamics of ML MoSe2 before and after interfacial engineering were also carefully studied. Our studies provide a feasible method for improving the carrier diffusion behaviors of such materials, and making them suited for application in future integrated circuit.

Study on the extraction, purification, stability, free radical scavenging kinetics, polymerization degree and characterization of proanthocyanidins from Pinus koraiensis seed scales.

To efficiently harness resources from Pinus koraiensis seed scales, a type of forestry waste, rigorous studies on the extraction, purification, stability, and free radical scavenging capacity of the proanthocyanidins derived from these seed scales were conducted. Kinetic models showed that under ultrasonic conditions, the proanthocyanidins content reached 2.66 mg/g within 0.5 h. The optimal storage parameters include darkness, 4 °C, and pH 4. The degrees of polymerization of the mixture and the high- and low-polymer components were 4.89, 7.42 and 3.07, respectively, with the low-polymer component exhibiting the highest radical scavenging activity. Through HPLC-QE-MS/MS, 1H NMR, and FT-IR analyses, we identified proanthocyanidin B1, proanthocyanidin B2, (-)-epicatechin, and polymeric trimer esters. The Pinus koraiensis proanthocyanidins exhibited a high molecular weight, a complex internal molecular structure, and commendable stability, with crystallization requiring elevated temperatures. Therefore, the proanthocyanidins from Pinus koraiensis seed scales have emerged as highly promising novel natural antioxidants.

Research Progress of Single-Photon Emitters Based on Two-Dimensional Materials.

From quantum communications to quantum computing, single-photon emitters (SPEs) are essential components of numerous quantum technologies. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have especially been found to be highly attractive for the research into nanoscale light-matter interactions. In particular, localized photonic states at their surfaces have attracted great attention due to their enormous potential applications in quantum optics. Recently, SPEs have been achieved in various 2D materials, while the challenges still remain. This paper reviews the recent research progress on these SPEs based on various 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and twisted-angle 2D materials. Additionally, we summarized the strategies to create, position, enhance, and tune the emission wavelength of these emitters by introducing external fields into these 2D system. For example, pronounced enhancement of the SPEs' properties can be achieved by coupling with external fields, such as the plasmonic field, and by locating in optical microcavities. Finally, this paper also discusses current challenges and offers perspectives that could further stimulate scientific research in this field. These emitters, due to their unique physical properties and integration potential, are highly appealing for applications in quantum information and communication, as well as other physical and technological fields.

A Visual-Inertial Pressure Fusion-Based Underwater Simultaneous Localization and Mapping System.

Detecting objects, particularly naval mines, on the seafloor is a complex task. In naval mine countermeasures (MCM) operations, sidescan or synthetic aperture sonars have been used to search large areas. However, a single sensor cannot meet the requirements of high-precision autonomous navigation. Based on the ORB-SLAM3-VI framework, we propose ORB-SLAM3-VIP, which integrates a depth sensor, an IMU sensor and an optical sensor. This method integrates the measurements of depth sensors and an IMU sensor into the visual SLAM algorithm through tight coupling, and establishes a multi-sensor fusion SLAM model. Depth constraints are introduced into the process of initialization, scale fine-tuning, tracking and mapping to constrain the position of the sensor in the z-axis and improve the accuracy of pose estimation and map scale estimate. The test on seven sets of underwater multi-sensor sequence data in the AQUALOC dataset shows that, compared with ORB-SLAM3-VI, the ORB-SLAM3-VIP system proposed in this paper reduces the scale error in all sequences by up to 41.2%, and reduces the trajectory error by up to 41.2%. The square root has also been reduced by up to 41.6%.

Multifunctional Buffer Layer Engineering for Efficient and Stable Wide-Bandgap Perovskite and Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are preferred for tandem applications due to their superior compatibility with diverse bottom solar cells. However, the solution processing and low formation energy of perovskites inevitably lead to numerous defects at both the bulk and interfaces. We report a facile and effective strategy for precisely modulating the perovskite by incorporating AlOx deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the top interface. We find that Al3+ can not only infiltrate the bulk phase and interact with halide ions to suppress ion migration and phase separation but also regulate the arrangement of energy levels and passivate defects on the perovskite surface and grain boundaries. Additionally, ALD-AlOx exhibits an encapsulation effect through a dense interlayer. Consequently, the ALD-AlOx treatment can significantly improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 21.80 % for 1.66 electron volt (eV) PSCs. A monolithic perovskite-silicon TSCs using AlOx-modified perovskite achieved a PCE of 28.5 % with excellent photothermal stability. More importantly, the resulting 1.55 eV PSC and module achieved a PCE of 25.08 % (0.04 cm2) and 21.01 % (aperture area of 15.5 cm2), respectively. Our study provides an effective way to efficient and stable wide-band gap perovskite for perovskite-silicon TSCs and paves the way for large-area inverted PSCs.

ZmASR1 negatively regulates drought stress tolerance in maize.

Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) proteins in plants play a significant role in plant response to diverse abiotic stresses. However, the functions of ASR genes in maize remain unclear. In the present study, we identified a novel drought-induced ASR gene in maize (ZmASR1) and functionally characterized its role in mediating drought tolerance. The transcription of ZmASR1 was upregulated under drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, and the ZmASR1 protein was observed to exhibit nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. Moreover, ZmASR1 knockout lines generated with the CRISPR-Cas9 system showed lower ROS accumulation, higher ABA content, and a higher degree of stomatal closure than wild-type plants, leading to higher drought tolerance. Transcriptome sequencing data indicated that the significantly differentially expressed genes in the drought treatment group were mainly enriched in ABA signal transduction, antioxidant defense, and photosynthetic pathway. Taken together, the findings suggest that ZmASR1 negatively regulates drought tolerance and represents a candidate gene for genetic manipulation of drought resistance in maize.

Neural Correlate and Movement Decoding of Simultaneous-and-Sequential Bimanual Movements Using EEG Signals.

Bimanual coordination is important for developing a natural motor brain-computer interface (BCI) from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, covering the aspects of bilateral arm training for rehabilitation, bimanual coordination for daily-life assistance, and also improving the multidimensional control of BCIs. For the same task targets of both hands, simultaneous and sequential bimanual movements are two different bimanual coordination manners. Planning and performing motor sequences are the fundamental abilities of humans, and it is more natural to execute sequential movements compared to simultaneous movements in many complex tasks. However, to date, for these two different manners in which two hands coordinated to reach the same task targets, the differences in the neural correlate and also the feasibility of movement discrimination have not been explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate these two issues based on a bimanual reaching task for the first time. Finally, neural correlates in the view of the movement-related cortical potentials, event-related oscillations, and source imaging showed unique neural encoding patterns of sequential movements. Besides, for the same task targets of both hands, the simultaneous and sequential bimanual movements were successfully discriminated in both pre-movement and movement execution periods. This study revealed the neural encoding patterns of sequential bimanual movements and presented its values in developing a more natural and good-performance motor BCI.

Innervation of nociceptor neurons in the spleen promotes germinal center responses and humoral immunity.

Peripheral sensory neurons widely innervate various tissues to continuously monitor and respond to environmental stimuli. Whether peripheral sensory neurons innervate the spleen and modulate splenic immune response remains poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that nociceptive sensory nerve fibers extensively innervate the spleen along blood vessels and reach B cell zones. The spleen-innervating nociceptors predominantly originate from left T8-T13 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), promoting the splenic germinal center (GC) response and humoral immunity. Nociceptors can be activated by antigen-induced accumulation of splenic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and then release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which further promotes the splenic GC response at the early stage. Mechanistically, CGRP directly acts on B cells through its receptor CALCRL-RAMP1 via the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway. Activating nociceptors by ingesting capsaicin enhances the splenic GC response and anti-influenza immunity. Collectively, our study establishes a specific DRG-spleen sensory neural connection that promotes humoral immunity, suggesting a promising approach for improving host defense by targeting the nociceptive nervous system.

Assessment of aortic hemodynamics in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm using four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) are rare but complicated aortic pathologies that can result in high morbidity and mortality. The whole-aorta hemodynamic characteristics of TAAA survivors remains unknown. This study sought to obtain a comprehensive view of flow hemodynamics of the whole aorta in patients with TAAA using four-dimensional flow (4D flow) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This study included patients who had experienced TAAA or abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and age- and sex-matched volunteers who had attended China Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 in West. Patients with unstable ruptured aneurysm or other cardiovascular diseases were excluded. 4D-flow MRI that covered the whole aorta was acquired. Both planar parameters [(regurgitation fraction (RF), peak systolic velocity (Vmax), overall wall shear stress (WSS)] and segmental parameters [pulse wave velocity (PWV) and viscous energy loss (VEL)] were generated during postprocessing. The Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare flow dynamics among the three groups. Results: A total of 11 patients with TAAA (mean age 53.2±11.9 years; 10 males), 19 patients with AAA (mean age 58.0±11.7 years; 16 males), and 21 controls (mean age 55.4±15.0 years; 19 males) were analyzed. The patients with TAAA demonstrated a significantly higher RF and lower Vmax in the aortic arch compared to healthy controls. The whole length of the aorta in patients with TAAA was characterized by lower WSS, predominantly in the planes of pulmonary artery bifurcation and the middle infrarenal planes (all P values <0.001). As for segmental hemodynamics, compared to controls, patients with TAAA had a significantly higher PWV in the thoracic aorta (TAAA: median 11.41 m/s, IQR 9.56-14.32 m/s; control: median 7.21 m/s, IQR 5.57-7.79 m/s; P<0.001) as did those with AAA (AAA: median 8.75 m/s, IQR 7.35-10.75 m/s; control: median 7.21 m/s, IQR 5.57-7.79 m/s; P=0.024). Moreover, a greater VEL was observed in the whole aorta and abdominal aorta in patients with TAAA. Conclusions: Patients with TAAA exhibited a stiffer aortic wall with a lower WSS and a greater VEL for the whole aorta, which was accompanied by a higher RF and lower peak velocity in the dilated portion of the aorta.

Comparison study of surface-initiated hydrogel coatings with distinct side-chains for improving biocompatibility of polymeric heart valves.

Polymeric heart valves (PHVs) present a promising alternative for treating valvular heart diseases with satisfactory hydrodynamics and durability against structural degeneration. However, the cascaded coagulation, inflammatory responses, and calcification in the dynamic blood environment pose significant challenges to the surface design of current PHVs. In this study, we employed a surface-initiated polymerization method to modify polystyrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene (SIBS) by creating three hydrogel coatings: poly(2-methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC), poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (pAMPS), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA). These hydrogel coatings dramatically promoted SIBS's hydrophilicity and blood compatibility at the initial state. Notably, the pMPC and pAMPS coatings maintained a considerable platelet resistance performance after 12 h of sonication and 10 000 cycles of stretching and bending. However, the sonication process induced visible damage to the pHEMA coating and attenuated the anti-coagulation property. Furthermore, the in vivo subcutaneous implantation studies demonstrated that the amphiphilic pMPC coating showed superior anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification properties. Considering the remarkable stability and optimal biocompatibility, the amphiphilic pMPC coating constructed by surface-initiated polymerization holds promising potential for modifying PHVs.

The impact of dyslipidemia on prognosis of patients after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is common in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, there is insufficient research on the impact of dyslipidemia on the postoperative outcomes of patients with AAA after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). This study aimed to determine the impact of dyslipidemia on the prognosis of patients with AAA treated with EVAR. Method: We retrospectively reviewed patients with AAA who underwent EVAR at our hospital between 2010 and 2020. The baseline characteristics and prognoses of patients in the dyslipidemia and non-dyslipidemia groups were analyzed. Results: A total of 641 patients were included; the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with AAA was 42.3% (271/641), and the mean follow-up time was 63.37 ± 26.49 months. The prevalence of diabetes (10.0% vs. 15.1%, P = 0.050), peripheral arterial disease (17.3% vs. 25.8%, P = 0.018), and chronic kidney disease (3.0% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.043) was higher in the dyslipidemia group. The three-year all-cause mortality rate after EVAR was 9.98% (64/641), and there was no difference in the incidence of all-cause mortality (10.27% vs. 9.59%, P = 0.778) between the two groups. A total of 36 (5.62%) major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) were observed within 3 years and were more common in patients with dyslipidemia (2.97% vs. 9.59%, P < 0.001). The incidence of stent-related complications in all patients was 19.97% (128/641), and there was no difference in the incidence of stent-related complications between the two groups (22.16% vs. 16.97%, P = 0.105); however, the incidence of type I endoleak in the dyslipidemia group was lower than that in the non-dyslipidemia group (9.19% vs. 4.06%, P = 0.012). Cox-regression analysis showed that high level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was the protective factor (HR, 0.203, 95% CI, 0.067-0.616, P = 0.005) for MACCES, but it was the risk factor for type I endoleak (HR, 2.317, 95% CI, 1.202-4.466, P = 0.012). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia did not affect the mortality of patients with AAA who underwent EVAR; however, it may increase the incidence of MACCEs. Dyslipidemia may decrease the incidence of type I endoleaks after EVAR; however, further studies are warranted. We should strengthen the postoperative management of patients with dyslipidemia, prevent the occurrence of MACCEs.

A Review of the Role of Caveolin-1 in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury.

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. Excessive APAP can induce liver toxicity, known as APAP-induced liver injury (ALI). The metabolism and pathogenesis of APAP have been extensively studied in recent years, and many cellular processes such as autophagy, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and liver regeneration have been identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) as a scaffold protein has also been shown to be involved in the development of various diseases, especially liver disease and tumorigenesis. The role of CAV-1 in the development of liver disease and the association between them remains a challenging and uncharted territory. SUMMARY: In this review, we briefly explore the potential therapeutic effects of CAV-1 on ALI through autophagy, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. Further research to better understand the mechanisms by which CAV-1 regulates liver injury will not only enhance our understanding of this important cellular process, but also help develop new therapies for human disease by targeting CAV-1 targets. KEY MESSAGES: This review briefly summarizes the potential protective mechanisms of CAV-1 against liver injury caused by APAP.