Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and bioactivities of Ginkgo biloba leave polysaccharides: A review.

Ginkgo biloba, a deciduous tree from the Ginkgoaceae family, is widely cultivated globally. In China, it predominantly grows in the eastern and southern regions. The leaves can be harvested multiple times throughout the growing season, presenting a significant resource potential. Ginkgo biloba leaves are considered as a living fossil with both medicinal and edible properties in traditional Chinese medicine. Polysaccharides, the primary bioactive compounds in these leaves, exhibit numerous biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory activity, antidepressant effects, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic activity and hair-growth promoting effect. This review highlights the advancements in the extraction separation purification, structural elucidation, and functional analysis of polysaccharides derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves over the past decade, aiming to provide valuable insights for future development and commercialization of Ginkgo biloba leave polysaccharides.

Pathological mechanisms and crosstalk among various cell death pathways in cardiac involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prevalent autoimmune disease primarily characterized by the involvement of multiple systems and organs. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality in patients with SLE, though the mechanisms underlying the increased cardiovascular risk in SLE patients remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that abnormal activation of programmed cell death (PCD) signaling and the crosstalk among various forms of cell death are critical in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Furthermore, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, NETosis, and ferroptosis are recognized as key cellular processes in the pathogenesis of SLE and are closely linked to cardiac involvement. This review uniquely explores the intricate crosstalk between apoptosis, necroptosis, and other cell death pathways, discussing their roles and interactions in the pathogenesis of cardiac involvement in SLE. Investigating the interplay between PCD signaling and cardiac involvement in SLE in understanding the disease's underlying mechanisms and offers opportunities for new therapeutic interventions. The integration of precision medicine and innovative strategies targeting these complex pathways holds promise for enhancing the treatment prospects of SLE with cardiac involvement.

Corrigendum: Effect of adjuvant therapy with compound danshen drip pill on inflammatory factors and cardiac function after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345897.].

Evodiamine suppresses endometriosis development induced by early EBV exposure through inhibition of ERß.

Introduction: Endometriosis (EMS) is characterized as a prevalent gynecological inflammatory disorder marked by the existence of endometrial tissues situated beyond the uterus. This condition leads to persistent pelvic pain and may contribute to infertility. In this investigation, we explored the potential mechanism underlying the development of endometriosis (EMS) triggered by transient exposure to either latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a mouse model. Additionally, we examined the potential inhibitory effect of evodiamine (EDM) on EMS. Methods: Immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) or epithelial cells (HEEC) were transiently exposed to either EBV or LMP1. The presence of evodiamine (EDM) was assessed for its impact on estrogen receptor ß (ERß) expression, as well as on cell metabolism parameters such as redox balance, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and proliferation. Additionally, a mixture of LMP1-treated HESC and HEEC was administered intraperitoneally to generate an EMS mouse model. Different dosages of EDM were employed for treatment to evaluate its potential suppressive effect on EMS development. Results: Transient exposure to either EBV or LMP1 triggers persistent ERß expression through epigenetic modifications, subsequently modulating related cell metabolism for EMS development. Furthermore, 4.0 µM of EDM can efficiently reverse this effect in in vitro cell culture studies. Additionally, 20 mg/kg body weight of EDM treatment can partly suppress EMS development in the in vivo EMS mouse model. Conclusion: Transient EBV/LMP1 exposure triggers permanent ERß expression, favoring later EMS development, EDM inhibits EMS development through ERß suppression. This presents a novel mechanism for the development of endometriosis (EMS) in adulthood stemming from early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure during childhood. Moreover, evodiamine (EDM) stands out as a prospective candidate for treating EMS.

Effectiveness and mechanism of Huoxin pill on heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention: Study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled parallel trial.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiovascular disease facing human beings. Cardiac remodelling is an important pathological factor for the progression of heart failure (HF) after CHD. At present, Chinese medicine is widely used in the treatment of HF, but there are still some drugs lack of evidence-based and mechanism evidence. Multi-omics techniques can deep explore candidate pathogenic factors and construct gene regulatory networks.This trial is intended to evaluate the effect on Huoxin pill (HXP) in the treatment of HF after programmable communication interface (PCI). Meantime, multi-omics analysis technique will be used to target the fundamental pathological links of cardiac remodelling, so as to study the mechanism of HXP in the treatment of HF after PCI. Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sixty patients with HF undergoing PCI are recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM. All selected patients will be randomly attributed to receive conventional treatment + HXP or placebo. The packaging, dosage and smell of placebo and heart activating pill were identical. The primary outcome is NYHA cardiac function grade, while the secondary outcomes included Lee's HF score, exercise tolerance test, and quality of life evaluation. Additional indicators include cardiac ultrasound, electrocardiogram, 24-h dynamic electrocardiogram, myocardial injury indicators, and energy metabolism indicators. Discussion: This study may provide a new treatment option for patients with HF after PCI and provide evidence for the treatment of CHD and HF with HXP. Trial registration: 2023-10-08 registered in China Clinical Trial Registry, registration number ChiCTR2300076402.

Carrier-Free Photodynamic Bioregulators Inhibiting Lactic Acid Efflux Combined with Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.

Abnormal tumor metabolism creates a complex tumor immune microenvironment that plays a dominant role in the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is insensitive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy because of insufficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration and a hyper-lactic acid-suppressive immune microenvironment caused by abnormal glycolysis. Herein, we propose an amplified strategy based on lactic acid regulation to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) and combine it with ICB therapy to achieve enhanced antitumor immunotherapy effects. Specifically, we constructed CASN, a carrier-free photodynamic bioregulator, through the self-assembly of the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor AZD3965. CASN exhibited a uniform structure, good stability, and drug accumulation at the tumor site. CASN-mediated photodynamic therapy following laser irradiation inhibited primary tumor growth and induced immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, CASN reduced lactic acid-mediated regulatory T cell generation and M2 tumor-associated macrophage polarization by blocking MCT1-mediated lactic acid efflux to attenuate immune suppression, inducing the recruitment and activation of CTLs. Ultimately, CASN-mediated immunopotentiation combined with ICB therapy considerably strengthened tumor immunotherapy and effectively inhibited tumor growth and metastasis of TNBC. This synergistic amplification strategy overcomes the limitations of an acidic ITM and presents a potential clinical treatment option for metastatic tumors.

[Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of Shenshao Capsules in treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease].

The efficacy and safety of Shenshao Capsules in combination with conventional western medicine for the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease were systematically evaluated. Computer search of seven databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library, was conducted to identify randomized controlled trial(RCT) on Shenshao Capsules for the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease up to December 2023. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were screened, and data was extracted. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool 2.0(RoB 2.0) was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata/SE 15.1 software, and evidence quality was rated by the GRADE system. TSA 0.9.5.10 beta software was used for the trial sequential analysis(TSA). Twelve RCTs, with a total of 1 128 participants(567 in the experimental group and 561 in the control group), were included. Meta-analysis showed that Shenshao Capsules + conventional western medicine significantly improved clinical efficacy(RR=1.20, 95%CI[1.15, 1.26], P<0.000 01) and electrocardiogram efficacy(RR=1.16, 95%CI[1.04, 1.30], P=0.01), reduced the frequency of weekly angina pectoris attacks(MD=-2.85, 95%CI[-5.27,-0.43], P=0.02), daily angina pectoris attacks(MD=-0.30, 95%CI[-0.57,-0.03], P=0.03) and the duration of angina pectoris attacks(RR=-2.28, 95%CI[-3.44,-1.12], P=0.000 1). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups(RR=1.33, 95%CI[0.71, 2.51], P=0.37). TSA indicated that the cumulative evidence for clinical efficacy exceeded the traditional boundary but did not exceed the TSA boundary, suggesting a potential false positive result. According to GRADE assessment, except for clinical efficacy, which was rated as low-quality evidence, the remaining outcomes were rated as very low-quality evidence. The results indicate that Shenshao Capsules + conventional western medicine may have certain advantages in improving clinical efficacy and electrocardiographic efficacy, reducing the frequency and duration of angina pectoris attacks. However, due to the limitations of this study, more rigorous and high-quality RCT is needed to validate its efficacy and safety.

A Bimetallic Electro-Sensitizer Improves ROS Therapy by Relieving Autophagy-Induced ROS Tolerance and Immune Suppression.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent monotherapy usually demonstrates poor therapeutic outcomes, due to the accompanied activation of protective autophagy in tumor cells, which results in ROS tolerance and immune suppression. In this study, a bimetallic electro-sensitizer, Pt-Ir NPs is constructed, loaded with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (Pt-Ir-CQ NPs), to enhance the effectiveness of electrotherapy by inhibiting autophagy and activating anti-tumor immune responses. This novel electrotherapy platform demonstrates unique advantages, particularly in the treatment of hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors. First, the electro-sensitizer catalyzes water molecules into ROS under electric field, achieving tumor ablation through electrotoxicity. Second, the incorporated CQ inhibits the protective autophagy induced by electrotherapy, restoring the sensitivity of tumor cells to ROS and thereby enhancing the anti-tumor effects of electrotherapy. Third, Pt-Ir-CQ NPs enhance the functionality of antigen-presenting cells and immunogenic cells through inhibiting autophagy, synergistically activating the anti-tumor immune responses along with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect induced by electrotherapy. This study provides a novel approach for the effective ablation and long-term inhibition of solid tumors through flexible modulation by an exogenous electric field.

C-H-activated Csp2-Csp3 diastereoselective gridization enables ultraviolet-emitting stereo-molecular nanohydrocarbons with mulitple H···H interactions.

Gridization is an emerging molecular integration technology that enables the creation of multifunctional organic semiconductors through precise linkages. While Friedel-Crafts gridization of fluorenols is potent, direct linkage among fluorene molecules poses a challenge. Herein, we report an achiral Pd-PPh3-cataylized diastereoselective (>99:1 d.r.) gridization based on the C-H-activation of fluorene to give dimeric and trimeric windmill-type nanogrids (DWGs and TWGs). These non-conjugated stereo-nanogrids showcase intramolecular multiple H…H interactions with a low field shift to 8.51 ppm and circularly polarized luminescence with high luminescent dissymmetry factors (|gPL | = 0.012). Significantly, the nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing cis-trans-TWG1 emitter present an ultraviolet electroluminescent peak at ~386 nm (CIE: 0.17, 0.04) with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.17%, marking the highest record among nondoped ultraviolet OLEDs based on hydrocarbon compounds and the pioneering ultraviolet OLEDs based on macrocycles. These nanohydrocarbon offer potential nanoscafflolds for ultraviolet light-emitting optoelectronic applications.

Camrelizumab-induced anaphylactic reaction: a case report and literature review.

Camrelizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor clinically used to treat various types of tumours. In this study, the authors provided the first report of a case of an anaphylactic reaction induced by camrelizumab in the treatment of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth. The patient, a 58-year-old man, was diagnosed with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, with cancer infiltration and multiple metastases. He underwent treatment for nine cycles, in which cycles 1-5 he received camrelizumab, albumin-bound paclitaxel, and cisplatin (200 mg of camrelizumab each time, every 3 weeks), with no adverse reactions; in cycle 6, he received albumin-bound paclitaxel and cisplatin, with no adverse reactions; and in cycles 7-9, he received camrelizumab and albumin-bound paclitaxel. However, 30 min after 8th administration of camrelizumab (cycle 9), he suddenly developed sweating, a pale complexion, clamminess and cyanosis of the limbs (percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation [SpO2] = 82%, blood pressure [BP] = 79/49 mmHg, heart rate [HR] = 83 beats/min [bpm] and respiratory rate [RR) = 12 bpm). The patient underwent intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone (80 mg) combined with dopamine to boost the BP; he regained consciousness 20 min later, and many parts of his skin appeared smooth, with no desquamation and accompanied by itching erythema, especially on the upper limbs. Approximately 2 h after treatment, the patient's skin erythema subsided (vital sign monitoring results: SpO2 = 100%, BP = 122/84 mmHg, HR = 91 bpm and RR = 17 bpm); the patient did not complain about his obvious discomfort. Despite the rarity of acute anaphylactic reactions among immune-related adverse reactions, great importance should be given to anaphylactic reactions of camrelizumab due to its extensive clinical application.

Electrically activated polymetallic nanocrystals for long-term tumor suppression via oxygen-independent ROS generation and electro-immunotherapy.

The low oxidation level and immunosuppressive microenvironment within hypoxic tumor tissue are critical factors contributing to the inefficacy of various anti-tumor strategies. Herein, we have designed a novel intravenous injection nanoplatform to conduct electro-immunotherapy, based on phospholipid-modified PtPd nanocrystals loaded with the immunoregulator IPI549 (LP@Pt-Pd@IPI549 nanoparticles, LPPI). LPPI responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering a cascade of therapeutic effects that overcome hypoxia-related resistance and effectively eradicate hypoxic tumors. Firstly, under electric field exposure, LPPI relied on water rather than oxygen to generate abundant ROS under hypoxic conditions for tumor electrodynamic therapy (EDT). Moreover, the generated ROS further induced the disintegration of the outer phospholipid membrane of LPPI, leading to the release of the immunoregulator and inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), triggering cascade immune responses. Additionally, the immunomodulatory effects of IPI549, in synergy with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by EDT, reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment contributing to tumor resistance. In summary, EDT transiently killed tumor cells while simultaneously generating antigen release, instigating an adaptive immune response for electro-immunotherapy, resulting in a potent and long-lasting tumor inhibition effect.

Immune micro-environment analysis and drug screening for ovarian endometriosis.

BACKGROUND: Patients of ovary endometriosis have an abnormal immune micro-environment, leading to endometrial tissue that from retrograde menstruation evade immune surveillance and subsequently develop into ectopic lesions. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate the crucial immune cells and molecular pathways that are associated with an aberrant immune micro-environment of endometriosis. METHOD: In this study, we identified differentially expressed genes between ovarian ectopic endometrial tissue (OVE) and eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with endometriosis (PE) and non-endometriosis patients (CON) by analyzing the mRNA sequencing data. Additionally, we used WGCNA(Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis) to screen for key genes related to immune cell infiltration and compared the sub-types of infiltrating immune cells using CIBERSORT(cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcript). Subsequently, we conducted a single-cell analysis on the identified key genes. Furthermore, we analyzed potential drugs suitable for ovarian endometriosis treatment using pRRophertic. RESULTS: Seven key genes associated with immune cell infiltration were screened out. The expression of these genes in OVE was significantly lower than that in PE and CON. These key genes were mainly enriched in the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, especially for CD16 + CD56dim NK. Moreover, NK cells infiltration in ovarian endometriosis was significantly reduced compared with PE and CON, while M2 macrophage shown the opposite. Results of the single-cell analysis showed that the expression of the seven key genes in NK cells and monocyte-macrophages in OVE was significantly lower than that in PE or CON. Additionally, we identified potential drugs suitable for ovarian endometriosis treatment. CONCLUSION: The decreased infiltration of NK cells and increased infiltration of M2 macrophages contribute to the evasion of immune surveillance against endometrial tissue, promoting the progression of OVE. Therefore, potential strategies for the treatment of OVE include increasing NK cell activation and decreasing M2 macrophage polarization.

Effect of adjuvant therapy with compound danshen drip pill on inflammatory factors and cardiac function after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to comprehensively evaluate efficacy and safety of CDDP in patients with AMI undergoing PCI. Methods: A computerised search was conducted on the CNKI, WF, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for RCTs of CDDP adjuvant therapy for AMI up to May 2023. STATA 17.0 was used to perform meta-analyses, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and publication bias assessments. TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta was used for trial sequential analysis (TSA). Evidence confidence of meta results was evaluated by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) according to the instructions. Results: The results of the meta-analysis showed that CDDP combined with conventional western treatment (CWT) was superior to CWT in increasing LVEF and TCER and decreasing LVEDD, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α. The quality of evidence for TCER was moderate, LVEF, LVEDD, IL-6, and TNF-α were low. The TSA results showed that the total number of samples collected in this study met the requirements for meta-analysis and excluded the possibility of false positives, further confirming the efficacy of CDDP for the treatment of AMI undergoing PCI. Conclusion: Adjuvant treatment of AMI with CDDP has shown exciting and safe benefits in improving cardiac function and reducing inflammatory response in patients with AMI undergoing PCI, but the quality of some of the included studies was poor, and the results should be interpreted with caution until further confirmation by well-designed RCTs. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42023453293].

Xylanase Supplement Enhances the Growth Performance of Broiler by Modulating Serum Metabolism, Intestinal Health, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Composition, and Microbiota.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of xylanase supplementation in a wheat-based diet on growth performance, short-chain fatty acids, intestinal health, microbial composition, and serum metabolism. A total of 1200 male chicks were randomly assigned to four wheat-based diet treatments: Group C (adding 0 mg/kg of xylanase), Group L (adding 50 mg/kg of xylanase), Group M (adding 100 mg/kg of xylanase), and Group H (adding 150 mg/kg of xylanase). The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results indicated that Group H broilers experienced a decreased feed-to-gain ratio throughout the study period. Additionally, dietary supplementation with xylanase led to an increase in the physical barrier, as indicated by increased VH and VH/CD in the gut (p < 0.05). Furthermore, levels of D-lactic acid and endotoxin were reduced. Xylanase supplementation also increased the abundance of Muc-2, ZO-1, and Occludin (p < 0.05). Moreover, xylanase supplementation enhanced the activity of sucrase and maltase in the duodenum (p < 0.05), which may be attributable to the upregulation of the abundance of SI and MGA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, xylanase addition promoted propionic acid produced by specific bacteria, such as Phascolarctobacterium, and influenced the microbial composition to some extent, promoting intestinal health. Additionally, 150 mg/kg of xylanase supplementation increased the amino acid, peptide, and carbohydrate content and upregulated the metabolism of amino acids related to histidine, cysteine, methionine, and other pathways (p < 0.05). These findings suggest adequate xylanase supplementation can enhance nutritional digestibility and absorption, improve growth performance, stimulate endogenous enzyme activity, optimize intestinal morphology and barrier function, and positively influence acid-producing bacteria and amino acid metabolic pathways.

Ovary metabolome and cecal microbiota changes in aged laying hens supplemented with vitamin E.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E (VE) on laying performance, VE deposition, antioxidant capacity, immunity, follicle development, estrogen secretion, ovary metabolome, and cecal microbiota of laying hens. One hundred and twenty XinYang Black-Feathered laying hens (70 wk old) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (6 replicates of 20 birds), and fed a basal diet (containing 20 mg/kg VE, control (CON) group) and a basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg VE (VE group). The experiment lasted for 10 wk. Results showed that VE supplementation increased laying performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity, as evidenced by increased (P < 0.05) performance (laying rate), antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase) and immune (immunoglobulins) parameters, and decreased (P < 0.05) feed/egg ratio and malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, VE group had higher (P < 0.05) pregrade follicles, ovary index and serum estrogen levels than CON group. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that VE supplementation altered the cecal microbiota composition by increasing Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Megamonas abundances and reducing Christensenellaceae_R-7_group abundance (at genus level), which are mainly associated with the production of short-chain fatty acids. Metabolomic profiling of the ovary revealed that the major metabolites altered by VE supplementation were mainly related to follicle development, estrogen secretion, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, phototransduction, bile acid synthesis, and nutrient transport. Furthermore, changes in cecal microbiota (at genus level) and ovary metabolites were highly correlated with laying performance, antioxidant, and immune parameters. In summary, VE contributed to the laying performance of aged laying hens by enhancing antioxidant, immune, and ovarian functions, promoting follicle development and estrogen secretion, and regulating gut microbiota and ovary metabolites. These findings will provide a new perspective on the mechanisms of egg production in aged poultry ovaries.

[Evidence map of clinical research on Chinese patent medicines for post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure].

An evidence map was established to comprehensively sort out the clinical research in the treatment of post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure(P-AMI-HF) with Chinese patent medicines, so as to reveal the distribution of evidence in this field. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMbase were searched for the randomized controlled trial(RCT), systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and guidelines/consensus in this field. The evidence was analyzed and displayed in the form of a combination of text, charts, bubble charts, and bar charts, and the quality of RCT, systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and guidelines/consensus were evaluated by RoB 1.0, AMSTAR2, and AGREE Ⅱ, respectively. A total of 163 RCTs, 4 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, 1 network Meta-analysis, 2 observational studies, and 5 guidelines/consensus were included. In recent years, the total number of publications in this field has shown an upward trend. There were a variety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of P-AMI-HF, among which Shenfu Injection received the most attention. The clinical RCT and systematic reviews/Meta-analysis generally had poor quality, and the RCT mostly had a small size, a single center, and a short cycle. The outcome indicators mainly included cardiac function indicators, myocardial injury markers, total response rate, hemodynamic indicators, and safety indicators, while the characteristic efficacy indicators of TCM received insufficient attention. The development processes of some guidelines/consensus lack standardization, which compromised their authority and rationality. Chinese patent medicines have advantages in the treatment of P-AMI-HF, while there are also problems, which remain to be solved by more high-quality evidence. That is, more large-sample and multi-center clinical studies should be carried out in the future, and the formulation process of relevant systematic reviews/Meta-analysis and guideline/consensus should be standardized and the quality of evidence should be improved. In this way, the effectiveness and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of P-AMI-HF can be explored.

[Network Meta-analysis of Chinese patent medicine in treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction].

This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of different Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF) and ranked for the drug selection. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) on Chinese patent medicines in treatment of HFpEF were obtained from the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, and other databases from the inception to October 9, 2022. The included RCT was quantitatively analyzed using gemtc and rjags packages of R software for the network Meta-analysis. 74 RCTs were included, with a total of 7 192 patients enrolled, involving 11 different Chinese patent medicines(Shenfu Injection, Shenmai Injection, Qili Qiangxin Capsules, Shexiang Baoxin Pills, Xuezhikang Capsules, Salvia Miltiorrhiza Polyphenols Injection, Tanshinone Ⅱ_A Sulfonate Injection, Xinmailong Injection, Yangxinshi Tablets, Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills, and Yixinshu Capsules). The results of network Meta-analysis are shown as followed.(1)In terms of improving clinical effective rate, for injection preparations, Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine was recommended. while for oral preparations, Shexiang Baoxin Pills + conventional western medicine, Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills + conventional western medicine, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were preferred.(2)In terms of improving the mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity(E/A), for injection preparations, Shenmai Injection + Salvia Miltiorrhiza Polyphenols Injection + conventional western medicine, Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine, Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine were preferred. While for oral preparations, Yixinshu Capsules + conventional western medicine was preferred.(3)In terms of reducing the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow to early diastolic mitral annular velocity(E/e'), Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine could be used as injection preparation, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine, Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills + conventional western medicine for oral preparations.(4)In terms of improving 6-minute walking trail(6MWT), the injection preparations such as Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine, Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine were suitable, while oral preparations like Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills + conventional western medicine, Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were recommended.(5)In terms of reducing N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP), Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were preferred.(6)In terms of reducing B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine could be used for injection preparation and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine can be used for oral preparation. In terms of adverse drug reactions, there was no significant difference between Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western conventional and traditional western medicine alone. The results showe that Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine in treating HFpEF is superior to conventional western medicine alone in reducing clinical symptoms, improving cardiac function, and improving exercise tolerance, which also has good drug safety. However, the existing evidence is still limited by the quality and quantity of included studies, so the above conclusion requires further validation through more prospective RCT.

Identification of circulating miRNA as early diagnostic molecular markers in malignant glioblastoma base on decision tree joint scoring algorithm.

PURPOSE: The lack of clinical markers prevents early diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Many studies have found that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as early diagnostic markers of malignant tumours. Therefore, the identification of novel circulating miRNA biomolecular markers could be beneficial to clinicians in the early diagnosis of GBM. METHODS: We developed a decision tree joint scoring algorithm (DTSA), systematically integrating significance analysis of microarray (SAM), Pearson hierarchical clustering, T test, Decision tree and Entropy weight score algorithm, to screen out circulating miRNA molecular markers with high sensitivity and accuracy for early diagnosis of GBM. RESULTS: DTSA was developed and applied for GBM datasets and three circulating miRNA molecular markers were identified, namely, hsa-miR-2278, hsa-miR-555 and hsa-miR-892b. We have found that hsa-miR-2278 and hsa-miR-892b regulate the GBM pathway through target genes, promoting the development of GBM and affecting the survival of patients. DTSA has better classification effect in all data sets than other classification algorithms, and identified miRNAs are better than existing markers of GBM. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that DTSA can effectively identify circulating miRNA, thus contributing to the early diagnosis and personalised treatment of GBM.

Selenomethionine Attenuated H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by Nrf2 in Chicken Liver Cells.

Earlier studies have shown that selenomethionine (SM) supplements in broiler breeders had higher deposition in eggs, further reduced the mortality of chicken embryos, and exerted a stronger antioxidant ability in offspring than sodium selenite (SS). Since previous studies also confirmed that Se deposition in eggs was positively correlated with maternal supplementation, this study aimed to directly investigate the antioxidant activities and underlying mechanisms of SS and SM on the chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH). The cytotoxicity results showed that the safe concentration of SM was up to 1000 ng/mL, while SS was 100 ng/mL. In Se treatments, both SS and SM significantly elevated mRNA stability and the protein synthesis rate of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), two Se-containing antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, SM exerted protective effects in the H2O2-induced oxidant stress model by reducing free radicals (including ROS, MDA, and NO) and elevating the activities of antioxidative enzymes, which performed better than SS. Furthermore, the results showed that cotreatment with SM significantly induced apoptosis induced by H2O2 on elevating the content of Bcl-2 and decreasing caspase-3. Moreover, investigations of the mechanism revealed that SM might exert antioxidant effects on H2O2-induced LMHs by activating the Nrf2 pathway and enhancing the activities of major antioxidant selenoenzymes downstream. These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of SM on ameliorating H2O2-induced oxidative impairment and suggest SM has the potential to be used in the prevention or adjuvant treatment of oxidative-related impairment in poultry feeds.