Technology for reducing distracted driving in developing countries: the level of usage and intention to use in Indonesia.

Distracted driving is a major cause of car crashes. Considering the dangers of distracted driving, efforts to develop prevention and/or reduction technology are underway. The purpose of this study is to observe the level of usage of distracted-driving-reduction technology in Indonesia and model the intention to use this technology on the technology acceptance model (TAM). The participants in this study included 418 Indonesian drivers (217 males, 201 females, mean age = 30.96 years), who volunteered to fill out an online questionnaire that the researcher developed, based on the TAM. The questionnaire comprised constructs including subjective norm, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use, as well as the additional constructs of trust in technology and personal innovativeness. Participants used a five-point Likert scale to record their responses. The results showed the level of respondents' use of distracted-driving-reduction technology as 88.52%. The most frequently used technology for this purpose was Bluetooth-enabled audio systems. The factors that significantly influenced the intention to use distracted-driving-reduction technology were the subjective norm, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and personal innovativeness. The paper also discusses the implications of the results.

The Role of Safety Silence Motives to Safety Communication and Safety Participation in Different Sectors of Small and Medium Enterprises: Investigation Results on Two Kinds of Industries in Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: A number of accidents have occurred in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Efforts in reducing accidents have been undertaken through the implementation of safety behaviors. Unfortunately, few studies have examined motives behind unsafe behaviors, such as safety silence motives. This study aimed to observe the motives underlying safety behaviors, namely safety silence motive (SSM) (SSM-relation, SSM-climate, SSM-issue, and SSM-job) and to evaluate the effect of SSM and safety communication on safety participation in different industrial sectors and scales. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty workers from two industrial sectors and scales of SMEs were involved. They were instructed to fill out a set of questionnaires. A five-Likert scale was used to respond. An independent t test was applied to find any significant differences. The partial least square-structural equation modeling for multigroup was used to develop a model on relations among the variables. RESULTS: The results showed that SSM scores were high in SMEs, and the scores were different across industrial sectors and scales. SSM had a negative influence on safety communication, and safety communication positively influenced safety participation. CONCLUSION: The study of SSM, safety communication, and safety participation in different sectors and scales should be separated in SMEs.

Mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists: prevalence and influencing factors.

OBJECTIVE: Indonesia is one of many developing countries that relies on motorcycles as a major mode of transportation. Unfortunately, the widespread use of motorcycles in Indonesia coincides with a high number of motorcycle accidents which can often be attributed to unsafe behaviors of the motorcyclist. One unsafe behavior that is common and hypothetically associated with accidents is the use of a mobile phone while motorcycling. The aim of the present study was to observe the prevalence and behavior of mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists and the factors that might have influenced their behavior. METHODS: Five hundred Indonesian motorcyclists voluntarily participated in this study by filling out a questionnaire that gathered demographic data, motorcycling behaviors, and a statement related to what factors might influence their likelihood to use a mobile phone while motorcycling. A descriptive statistic and Structural Equation Modeling were applied in analyzing the data. RESULTS: Results showed that the prevalence of mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists was 75%. The demographic data that significantly influenced mobile phone use during motorcycling were age, education level, marital status, and number of children. Occupation, gender, and prior experiences that included accidents and tickets with fines did not influence the use of mobile phones during motorcycling. The behavioral model showed that the factors that influenced motorcyclist's intentions to avoid mobile phone use during motorcycling were attitude, perceived behavioral control, and cues to action. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports previous findings regarding the high prevalence of mobile phone use among motorcyclists in developing countries. The models implied that further investigation on intervention strategy to minimize mobile phone use during motorcycling is a necessity.

The ergonomics of mothering and child care activities (ErgoMOMics) in Indonesia: Individual and social factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Mothering and caring for children have been associated with a decrease in mothers' wellbeing. Limited research has been conducted from the ergonomics perspective of mothering and caring for children due to the belief that being a mother is not considered an occupation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the ergonomics of mothering and caring for children (ergoMOMics) among Indonesian mothers and the prevalence of related musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and twenty-five Indonesian mothers. METHOD: The prevalence of MSS was assessed using Nordic Body Map questionnaire. An adapted questionnaire on mothering and child care activities and their consequences were also used. RESULTS: Most Indonesian mothers reported some negative consequences of mothering and child care activities, including MSS in the back (50%), neck (26%), and upper shoulder (43%). Demographic data that significantly influences MSS includes the domicile category and help from others. Mothers in large cities reported higher MSS than those residing in small- to medium-sized cities (t (523) = 7.43, ρ< 0.01). The help of family members (commonly children's grandparents) significantly increased reported MSS (F(2, 524) = 3.57, ρ= 0.02). A specific child care activity that influences MSS is the lifting for children. CONCLUSIONS: Mothering and child care are very demanding activities that can result in MSS. Therefore, steps must be taken to prevent and overcome these symptoms.

The sensitivity of Galvanic Skin Response for assessing mental workload in Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Objective measures have been shown to be equally sensitive in different cultures. However, these measures need special devices that are relatively expensive and need expertise to analyze the result. In Indonesia, there is a need for a sensitive and affordable mental workload measure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) in assessing mental workload in Indonesia. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 72 Indonesian students with normal visual capability. METHOD: Participants were asked to work on visual memory search task with a secondary task of counting with three different levels of difficulty. GSR, Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and the NASA-TLX were administered prior to, during, and after the tasks. RESULTS: GSR measure was compared to NASA-TLX and HRV measures. Like the HRV, GSR showed to be sensitive in distinguishing rest and task condition significantly but not sensitive in distinguishing different levels of mental workload. In contrast, both the NASA-TLX and performance measure were sensitive in differentiating different levels of mental workload. CONCLUSIONS: GSR has potential as a simple, cost-effective tool for measuring mental workload in Indonesia.

A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Personality Structure Through the Lens of the HEXACO Model.

Across 5 different samples, totaling more than 1,600 participants from India, Indonesia, Oman, Romania, and Thailand, the authors address the question of cross-cultural replicability of a personality structure, while exploring the utility of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) as a data analysis technique in cross-cultural personality research. Personality was measured with an alternative, non-Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality framework, provided by the HEXACO-PI (Lee & Ashton, 2004 ). The results show that the HEXACO framework was replicated in some of the investigated cultures. The ESEM data analysis technique proved to be especially useful in investigating the between-group measurement equivalence of broad personality measures across different cultures.

National culture moderates the influence of mental effort on subjective and cardiovascular measures.

Subjective measures of mental effort have been shown to be relatively insensitive in Indonesian participants. An open question is whether this insensitivity reflects how mental effort is experienced or how it is reported. We compared the performance, subjective workload ratings, heart rate and heart-rate variability (HRV) of 31 Dutch and 30 Indonesian participants under single- and dual-task conditions. Indonesians performed faster but less accurately and used a narrower range of subjective workload ratings than did the Dutch. Dutch participants showed a decrease in HRV both in the mid-frequency (MF) and high-frequency bands and an increase in heart rate during task performance compared with the resting period. Indonesians showed this pattern in the MF band only. The decrease of HRV in the MF band in both groups suggests that the relative insensitivity of subjective mental effort scales among Indonesians has to do with how workload is reported rather than with how it is experienced. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: The sensitivity of the subjective measures of mental workload has been shown to depend on culture. Here, we show that heart-rate variability reacts similarly to workload in Eastern as in Western participants. This suggests that culture influences more how invested mental effort is reported than how it is experienced psychophysiologically.

The role of the epinephrine test in the diagnosis and management of children suspected of having congenital long QT syndrome.

The epinephrine test has been shown to be a powerful tool to predict the genotype of congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). The aim of this study was to evaluate its role in the diagnosis and management of LQTS in children. The test (using the Shimizu protocol) was conducted in patients with some evidence of LQTS but in whom clinical and management decisions were challenging (n = 41, age 9.6 +/- 3.9 years, 19 female). LQT1, LQT2, and negative responses to epinephrine were obtained in 16, 5, and 20 subjects, respectively. LQTS gene positivity was obtained in two subjects. Beta-blocker therapy was started in all subjects with a positive epinephrine response (n = 21) and in some negative responders because of their strong LQTS phenotype (n = 10). No therapy was given to the subset with less convincing features of LQTS who had also responded negatively to epinephrine (n = 10). Follow-up for 3.0 +/- 2 years was uneventful in both management groups. Due to the discordance with genotyping, the epinephrine test cannot be used to diagnose genotype-positive LQTS but when used in combination with phenotype assessment and genetic screening, it could enable better management decisions.