From Skin to Gut: Understanding Microbial Diversity in Rana amurensis and R. dybowskii.

Amphibians face the threat of decline and extinction, and their health is crucially affected by the microbiota. Their health and ecological adaptability essentially depend on the diverse microbial communities that are shaped by unique host traits and environmental factors. However, there is still limited research on this topic. In this study, cutaneous (C) and gut (G) microbiota in Rana amurensis (A) and R. dybowskii (D) was analyzed through 16S amplicon sequencing. Groups AC and DC significantly differed in alpha diversity, while the gut groups (AG and DG) showed no such differences. Analyses of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix and unweighted UniFrac distances showed significant differences in cutaneous microbiota between groups AC and DC, but not between groups AG and DG. Stochastic processes significantly influenced the assembly of cutaneous and gut microbiota in amphibians, with a notably higher species dispersal rate in the gut. The predominant phyla in the skin of R. amurensis and R. dybowskii were Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, respectively, with significant variations in Bacteroidota. Contrarily, the gut microbiota of both species was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, without significant phylum-level differences. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis identified distinct microbial enrichment in each group. Predictive analysis using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2 (PICRUSt2) revealed the significant functional pathways associated with the microbiota, which indicates their potential roles in immune system function, development, regeneration, and response to infectious diseases. This research underscores the critical impact of both host and environmental factors in shaping amphibian microbial ecosystems and emphasizes the need for further studies to explore these complex interactions for conservation efforts.

Multifunctional SERS Substrate for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Contaminants and Photothermal Removal of Pathogenic Bacteria.

In this work, a boric-acid-modified Fe3O4@Au@BA-MOF composite material as a multifunctional SERS substrate was ingeniously constructed for detecting both pathogens and antibiotics as well as photothermally inactivating the pathogens. Through improving the dispersity and stability of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), leveraging the specificity of boric acid (BA) groups in recognizing cis-diol structures, and the ability of SERS technology to provide unique fingerprint spectra of targets, the sensitive and stable detection of pathogens and antibiotics was achieved. Compared with Au NPs and Fe3O4@Au, the SERS enhancement factor of Fe3O4@Au@BA-MOF was 4.31 × 106, which was about 400 times and 16 times higher than the former two, respectively. Among the existing work, the limit of detection for pathogens was lower or comparable, and it exhibited good stability, maintaining consistent performance for 23 days. Additionally, this substrate achieved efficient photothermal inactivation of pathogens under both near-infrared light and natural light excitation. Within 8 min of near-infrared light irradiation, the bactericidal rates for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reach 100% and 99.3%, respectively.

CCDC181 is required for sperm flagellum biogenesis and male fertility in mice.

The structural integrity of the sperm flagellum is essential for proper sperm function. Flagellar defects can result in male infertility, yet the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. CCDC181, a coiled-coil domain-containing protein, is known to localize on sperm flagella and at the basal regions of motile cilia. Despite this knowledge, the specific functions of CCDC181 in flagellum biogenesis remain unclear. In this study, Ccdc181 knockout mice were generated. The absence of CCDC181 led to defective sperm head shaping and flagellum formation. Furthermore, the Ccdc181 knockout mice exhibited extremely low sperm counts, grossly aberrant sperm morphologies, markedly diminished sperm motility, and typical multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Additionally, an interaction between CCDC181 and the MMAF-related protein LRRC46 was identified, with CCDC181 regulating the localization of LRRC46 within sperm flagella. These findings suggest that CCDC181 plays a crucial role in both manchette formation and sperm flagellum biogenesis.

A tellurium-based small compound ameliorates tumor metastasis by downregulating heparanase expression.

Tellurium is a rare element, and ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-o,o') tellurate (AS101) is the most bioactive molecule among several synthetic tellurium compounds. AS101 was found to be immunomodulatory and can modulate types of cytokines. However, the effect of AS101 on tumor metastasis remains unclear. Heparanase, an endo-glucuronidase, cleaves heparin sulfate side chains of proteoglycans on the cell surface, further leading to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Heparanase also releases angiogenic factors in the extracellular matrix, is overexpressed in tumor cells, and promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of AS101 in 4T1 and CT26 cells, especially heparanase. Heparanase expression was downregulated in 4T1 and CT26 cells after treatment with AS101 in vitro. The protein level involved in the protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway also declined. Cell migration assays revealed the inhibitory effect of AS101 on migration. The results of this study indicate that AS101 inhibits tumor migration by downregulating heparanase through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and has positive effects in vivo.

Laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy in the treatment of Robert's uterus accompanied by adenomyosis: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Gynaecologists should be aware of a rare obstructive Mullerian duct abnormality like Robert's uterus and perform further surgery when necessary. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 41-year-old mother of two children with Robert's uterus who was examined and treated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Unlike the existing cases reported in the literature, this patient had a late onset of Robert's uterus symptoms. Due to right tubal ectopic pregnancy 3 years previously, the patient was treated with right salpingectomy and left tubal ligation but suffered aggravated left lower abdominal pain. She was examined and treated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, and is completely asymptomatic at 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The typical obstructive Mullerian abnormality requires further surgery. Combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is an effective, minimally invasive technique with better recovery outcomes than traditional transabdominal procedures.

An ensemble deep learning model for predicting minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial peptides against pathogenic bacteria.

The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates effective alternative therapies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising due to their broad inhibitory effects. This study focuses on predicting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AMPs against whom-priority pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. We developed a comprehensive regression model integrating AMP sequence-based and genomic features. Using eight AI-based architectures, including deep learning with protein language model embeddings, we created an ensemble model combining bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), convolutional neural network (CNN), and multi-branch model (MBM). The ensemble model showed superior performance with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.756, 0.781, and 0.802 for the bacterial strains, demonstrating its accuracy in predicting MIC values. This work sets a foundation for future studies to enhance model performance and advance AMP applications in combating antibiotic resistance.

Effect of heat pump drying temperature on moisture migration characteristics and quality of instant Tremella fuciformis.

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was used to analyze the moisture migration characteristics and water distribution of instant Tremella fuciformis (ITF) during heat pump drying at 35 °C, 45 °C and 55 °C. A fuzzy mathematical evaluation method was then used to investigate the effect of heat pump drying temperatures (35 °C, 45 °C and 55 °C) on the quality of ITF. Based on the screened appropriate temperature of 45 °C, the thin layer heat pump drying curve and drying rate curve of ITF were drawn, then four mathematical models were tested based on the coefficient of determination (R2). The result showed three water components (bound water (T 21), immobilized water (T 22), and free water (T 23)) in ITF before drying. During the drying process, the heat pump drying of ITF was carried out gradually from the outer to the inner. The sensory total score (77.66 ± 6.57), rehydration ratio (4803.00 ± 90.00%), and viscosity (45.01 ± 3.61 Pa s) of ITF in heat pump drying at 45 °C were the best. The optimal drying temperature of 45 °C was obtained by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with the highest comprehensive score of 77.85%. With the prolongation of drying time, the water content of ITF showed a gradual decreasing trend, and the water content was controlled to below 8.51% after 6 h. The drying curve shows that the drying phase of the ITF is divided into three phases, including preheat, constant speed and deceleration. The drying speed first increases, remains constant in the middle and then decreases. Among the four models tested, the cubic regression equation aligned with the change rule of the ITF drying curve (R2 = 0.99397). By studying the effect of drying temperature on the moisture migration characteristics and the quality of ITF, we aim to provide more data support for the production of T. fuciformis.

Widely Targeted Lipidomics and Microbiomics Perspectives Reveal the Mechanism of Auricularia auricula Polysaccharide's Effect of Regulating Glucolipid Metabolism in High-Fat-Diet Mice.

The role of Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AP) in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism was investigated using a high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemic mouse model. In a further step, its potential mechanism of action was investigated using microbiome analysis and widely targeted lipidomics. Compared to high-fat mice, dietary AP supplementation reduced body weight by 13.44%, liver index by 21.30%, epididymal fat index by 50.68%, fasting blood glucose (FBG) by 14.27%, serum total cholesterol (TC) by 20.30%, serum total triglycerides (TGs) by 23.81%, liver non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) by 20.83%, liver TGs by 20.00%, and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) by 21.05%, and increased liver glutathione oxidase (GSH-PX) activity by 52.24%, total fecal bile acid (TBA) by 46.21%, and fecal TG by 27.16%, which significantly regulated glucose and lipid metabolism. Microbiome analysis showed that AP significantly downregulated the abundance of the Desulfobacterota phylum, as well as the genii Desulfovibrio, Bilophila, and Oscillbacter in the cecum of hyperlipidemic mice, which are positively correlated with high lipid indexes, while it upregulated the abundance of the families Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Ruminococcaceae, as well as the genii Eubacterum_xylanophilum_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Eubacterium_siraeum_group, and Parasutterella, which were negatively correlated with high lipid indexes. In addition, AP promoted the formation of SCFAs by 119.38%. Widely targeted lipidomics analysis showed that AP intervention regulated 44 biomarkers in metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in the hyperlipidemic mice (of which 15 metabolites such as unsaturated fatty acids, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine were upregulated, and 29 metabolites such as phosphatidylcholine, ceramide, carnitine, and phosphatidylinositol were downregulated), thereby correcting glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.

Glucose fluctuations aggravate cardiomyocyte apoptosis by enhancing the interaction between Txnip and Akt.

BACKGROUND: Glucose fluctuations may be involved in the pathophysiological process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study focused on exploring the mechanisms related to glucose fluctuation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. METHODS: Diabetic rats established via an injection of streptozotocin were randomized to five groups: the controlled diabetic (CD) group, the uncontrolled diabetic (UD) group, the glucose fluctuated diabetic (GFD) group, the GFD group rats with the injection of 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) (GFD + NaCl) and the GFD group rats with the injection of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) (GFD + NAC). Twelve weeks later, cardiac function and apoptosis related protein expressions were tested. Proteomic analysis was performed to further analyze the differential protein expression pattern of CD and GFD. RESULTS: The left ventricular ejection fraction levels and fractional shortening levels were decreased in the GFD group, compared with those in the CD and UD groups. Positive cells tested by DAB-TUNEL were increased in the GFD group, compared with those in the CD group. The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, but the expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were increased in response to glucose fluctuations. Compared with CD, there were 527 upregulated and 152 downregulated proteins in GFD group. Txnip was one of the differentially expressed proteins related to oxidative stress response. The Txnip expression was increased in the GFD group, while the Akt phosphorylation level was decreased. The interaction between Txnip and Akt was enhanced when blood glucose fluctuated. Moreover, the application of NAC partially reversed glucose fluctuations-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Glucose fluctuations lead to cardiomyocyte apoptosis by up-regulating Txnip expression and enhancing Txnip-Akt interaction.

Dahuang Zhechong Pill Improves Pulmonary Fibrosis through miR-29b-2-5p/HK2 Mediated Glycolysis Pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP) on pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The first key rate-limiting enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) of glycolysis was silenced and over-expressed through small interfering RNA and lentivirus using lung fibroblast MRC-5 cell line, respectively. The cell viability, migration, invasion and proliferation were detected by cell counting kit-8, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HK2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The contents of glucose, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate in MRC-5 cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). Then, the relationship between miR-29b-2-5p and HK2 was explored by luciferase reporter gene assay. Pulmonary fibrosis cell model was induced by transforming growth factor-ß 1 (TGF-ß 1) in MRC-5 cells, and the medicated serum of DZP (DMS) was prepared in rats. MRC-5 cells were divided into control, TGF-ß 1, TGF-ß 1+10% DMS, TGF-ß 1+10% DMS+miR-29b-2-5p inhibitor, TGF-ß 1+10% DMS+inhibitor negative control, TGF-ß 1+10% DMS+miR-29b-2-5p mimic and TGF-ß 1+10% DMS+mimic negative control groups. After miR-29b-2-5p mimics and inhibitors were transfected into MRC-5 cells, all groups except control and model group were treated with DMS. The effect of DMS on MRC-5 cells were detected using aforementioned methods and immunofluorescence. Similarly, the contents of glucose, ATP and lactate in each group were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expressions of HK2 in MRC-5 cells were successfully silenced and overexpressed through si-HK2-3 and lentiviral transfection, respectively. After silencing HK2, the mRNA and protein expressions of HK2 were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the concentrations of glucose, ATP and lactate were also significantly decreased (P<0.05). The proliferation, migration and invasion of MRC-5 cells were significantly declined (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the apoptosis of MRC-5 cells was significantly increased (P<0.01). After overexpressing HK2, the mRNA and protein expressions of HK2 were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the concentrations of glucose, ATP and lactate were also significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The proliferation, migration and invasion of MRC-5 cells were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the apoptosis of MRC-5 cells was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The relative luciferase activity of 3'UTR-WT+hsa-miR-29b-2-5p transfected with HK2 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). After miR-29b-2-5p mimic and inhibitor were transfected into the MRC-5 cells, DMS intervention could significantly reduce the concentration of glucose, ATP and lactate, and the mRNA and proteins expressions of HK2, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The proliferation, migration and invasion of MRC-5 cells were alleviated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the deposition of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen I were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Glycolysis is closely related to pulmonary fibrosis. DZP reduced glycolysis and inhibited fibroblasts' excessive differentiation and abnormal collagen deposition through the miR-29b-2-5p/HK2 pathway, which played a role in delaying the process of pulmonary fibrosis.

Extract of Tinospora sinensis alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice by regulating TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The dried rattan stem of Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. is valued for its efficacy of clearing heat and removing toxicity, calming and soothing the nerves. It is widely used in Tibetan medicine for the treatment of rheumatic and aging diseases. Studies have confirmed its anti-inflammatory and ameliorating effects on Alzheimer's disease; however, the anti-neuroinflammation efficacy and mechanism remain unclear. AIM: This study aimed to explore the anti-neuroinflammation efficacy, major effective ingredients, and potential mechanism of extract of Tinosporae sinenisis (TIS). METHODS: UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to identify the compounds of TIS and the plasma components of rats after gastric administration of TIS. C57BL/6J mice were continuously intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (250 µg/kg) for 14 d to establish a neuroinflammation model. The effects of TIS (4.5 g/kg, 9 g/kg) on the learning and memory abilities in mice with neuroinflammation was evaluated using spontaneous activity, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. Pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Gene and protein levels of inflammatory factors in the brain were detected using qRT-PCR and ELISA kits. Iba-1 levels in the brain were detected using immunofluorescence to assess the degree of microglial activation. Network pharmacology, based on the components absorbed into plasma of TIS, was used to predict potential targets and pathways. Proteomics was used to study the differentially expressed proteins and related pathways in the brain tissue of mice with neuroinflammation. Finally, correlation analysis was performed on the results of network pharmacology and proteomics, and proteins related the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of TIS were detected by western blot. RESULTS: A total of 39 compounds were identified in TIS: genipingentiobioside, isocorydin, reticuline, (-)-argemonine, tinosineside A, tinosinenside A, and costunolide were absorbed into the plasma. After continuous intraperitoneal injection of LPS into C57BL/6J mice, microglia in the brain tissue were activated and the gene and protein levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS were increased in the brain tissue, suggesting that the neuroinflammation model was successfully established. TIS reduced Iba-1 levels and gene expression and protein levels of inflammatory factors in the brain of mice with neuroinflammation. Furthermore, TIS improved the pathological changes in the hippocampus and learning and memory abilities caused by neuroinflammation. Network pharmacology has predicted that TNF, IL-1ß, and IκBKB are closely related to neuroinflammation. Proteomics identified key differentially expressed proteins, including TNF, NF-κB2, NF-κBIA, and TLR4. Toll-like receptor (TLR), NF-κB, and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathways are involved in neuroinflammation-related pathways. Correlation analysis revealed TLR, TNF and NLR signaling pathways were closely related to the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of TIS. We observed that TIS alleviated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. CONCLUSION: Thirty-nine compounds were identified from TIS, among which seven were absorbed into the plasma as prototype components. TIS alleviated LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice, and its mechanism was related to inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Metagenomic profiling of gut microbiota in Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae fed on different host plants.

BACKGROUND: The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous pest known for causing significant crop damage. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in influencing the biology, physiology and adaptation of the host. However, understanding of the taxonomic composition and functional characteristics of the gut microbiota in FAW larvae fed on different host plants remains limited. METHODS: This study utilized metagenomic sequencing to explore the structure, function and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of the gut microbiota in FAW larvae transferred from an artificial diet to four distinct host plants: maize, sorghum, tomato and pepper. RESULTS: The results demonstrated significant variations in gut microbiota structure among FAW larvae fed on different host plants. Firmicutes emerged as the dominant phylum, with Enterococcaceae as the dominant family and Enterococcus as the prominent genus. Notably, Enterococcus casseliflavus was frequently observed in the gut microbiota of FAW larvae across host plants. Metabolism pathways, particularly those related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, played a crucial role in the adaptation of the FAW gut microbiota to different host plants. KEGG orthologs associated with the regulation of the peptide/nickel transport system permease protein in sorghum-fed larvae and the 6-phospho-ß-glucosidase gene linked to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis as well as starch and sucrose metabolism in pepper-fed larvae were identified. Moreover, the study identified the top 20 ARGs in the gut microbiota of FAW larvae fed on different host plants, with the maize-fed group exhibiting the highest abundance of vanRC. CONCLUSIONS: Our metagenomic sequencing study reveals significant variations in the gut microbiota composition and function of FAW larvae across diverse host plants. These findings underscore the intricate co-evolutionary relationship between hosts and their gut microbiota, suggesting that host transfer profoundly influences the gut microbiota and, consequently, the adaptability and pest management strategies for FAW.

CAR-T therapy pulmonary adverse event profile: a pharmacovigilance study based on FAERS database (2017-2023).

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, a rapidly emerging treatment for cancer that has gained momentum since its approval by the FDA in 2017, involves the genetic engineering of patients' T cells to target tumors. Although significant therapeutic benefits have been observed, life-threatening adverse pulmonary events have been reported. Methods: Using SAS 9.4 with MedDRA 26.1, we retrospectively analyzed data from the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, covering the period from 2017 to 2023. The analysis included the Reporting Odds Ratio Proportional Reporting Ratio Information Component and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean to assess the association between CAR-T cell therapy and adverse pulmonary events (PAEs). Results: The FAERS database recorded 9,400 adverse events (AEs) pertaining to CAR-T therapies, of which 940 (10%) were PAEs. Among these CAR-T cell-related AEs, hypoxia was the most frequently reported (344 cases), followed by respiratory failure (127 cases). Notably, different CAR-T cell treatments demonstrated varying degrees of association with PAEs. Specifically, Tisa-cel was associated with severe events including respiratory failure and hypoxia, whereas Axi-cel was strongly correlated with both hypoxia and tachypnea. Additionally, other CAR-T therapies, namely, Brexu-cel, Liso-cel, Ide-cel, and Cilta-cel, have also been linked to distinct PAEs. Notably, the majority of these PAEs occurred within the first 30 days post-treatment. The fatality rates varied among the different CAR-T therapies, with Tisa-cel exhibiting the highest fatality rate (43.6%), followed by Ide-cel (18.8%). Conclusion: This study comprehensively analyzed the PAEs reported in the FAERS database among recipients of CAR-T cell therapy, revealing conditions such as hypoxia, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, and atelectasis. These CAR-T cell therapy-associated events are clinically significant and merit the attention of clinicians and researchers.

Development and internal validation of an artificial intelligence-assisted bowel sounds auscultation system to predict early enteral nutrition-associated diarrhoea in acute pancreatitis: a prospective observational study.

Aims/Background An artificial intelligence-assisted prediction model for enteral nutrition-associated diarrhoea (ENAD) in acute pancreatitis (AP) was developed utilising data obtained from bowel sounds auscultation. This model underwent validation through a single-centre, prospective observational study. The primary objective of the model was to enhance clinical decision-making by providing a more precise assessment of ENAD risk. Methods The study enrolled patients with AP who underwent early enteral nutrition (EN). Real-time collection and analysis of bowel sounds were conducted using an artificial intelligence bowel sounds auscultation system. Univariate analysis, multicollinearity analysis, and logistic regression analysis were employed to identify risk factors associated with ENAD. The random forest algorithm was utilised to establish the prediction model, and partial dependence plots were generated to analyse the impact of risk factors on ENAD risk. Validation of the model was performed using the optimal model Bootstrap resampling method. Predictive performance was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Among the 133 patients included in the study, the incidence of ENAD was 44.4%. Six risk factors were identified, and the model's accuracy was validated through Bootstrap iterations. The prediction accuracy of the model was 81.10%, with a sensitivity of 84.30% and a specificity of 77.80%. The positive predictive value was 82.60%, and the negative predictive value was 80.10%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.904 (95% confidence interval: 0.817-0.997). Conclusion The artificial intelligence bowel sounds auscultation system enhances the assessment of gastrointestinal function in AP patients undergoing EN and facilitates the construction of an ENAD predictive model. The model demonstrates good predictive efficacy, offering an objective basis for precise intervention timing in ENAD management.

A metabolomics perspective reveals the mechanism of the uric acid-lowering effect of Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. "furong" polyphenols in hypoxanthine and potassium oxybate-induced hyperuricemic mice.

The incidence of hyperuricemia (HUA) shows a gradually increasing trend towards affecting younger individuals, and it can significantly harm the overall health status of the body. Based on a metabolomics perspective, this study reveals the mechanism of the uric acid-lowering action of Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. "furong" polyphenols (PSLP) on a hyperuricemia mouse model induced by hypoxanthine and potassium oxybutyrate. The results demonstrate that PSLP comprise an effective treatment strategy for reducing the levels of serum uric acid (SUA), serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in HUA mice (p < 0.05), wherein the maximum decrease rates are up to 44.50%, 29.46%, and 32.95%, respectively. PSLP are observed to exert a pronounced inhibitory effect on the activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the livers of HUA mice, with reductions of up to 16.36% and 20.13%, respectively. These findings illustrate that PSLP exert a significant uric acid-lowering effect. Subsequent metabolomic analysis of mouse serum identified 28 potential biomarkers for hyperuricemia, whose levels were markedly diminished by PSLP. This process involved alterations in purine, glycine, the pentose phosphate pathway, and galactose metabolism. Twenty-eight potential biomarkers were identified for hyperuricemia by subsequent metabolomic analysis of mouse serum, whose levels were markedly reversed by PSLP intervention. The regulation of HUA by PSLP involved alterations in purine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and galactose metabolism. The mechanism of PSLP ameliorated hyperuricemia might be attributed to reduction of the level of the uric acid precursor ribose-5-phosphate in the pentose phosphate pathway, the inhibition of the activities of uric acid synthase XOD and ADA in purine metabolism, and reduction of the synthesis of the end product uric acid. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods based on PSLP, which can potentially reduce uric acid levels.

Green fabrication of modified lignin/zeolite/chitosan-based composite membranes for preservation of perishable foods.

Chitosan, as a kind of naturally occurring green and degradable material for the preservation of perishable foods, was investigated in this study with the objective of enhancing its preservation performances. Herein, lignin was modified using the solvent fractionation method (modified lignin, ML, including ML1-ML3), while natural clinoptilolite zeolite was modified using the alkali modification method (modified clinoptilolite zeolite, MCZ, including MCZ1-MCZ5). After optimizing the conditions, it was discovered that incorporating both ML3 and MCZ3 into pure chitosan-based membranes might be conducive to fabricate chitosan-based composite membranes for the preservation of perishable foods. As-prepared composite membranes possessed better visible light transmittance, antioxidant activity, and carbon dioxide/oxygen selectivity, resulting in improved preservation effects on the model perishable foods such as bananas, cherry tomatoes, and cheeses. These findings might indicate promising applications for chitosan-based composite membranes with modified lignin and zeolite in the field of eco-friendly degradable materials for the preservation of perishable foods.

Understanding the impact of soil components on the environmental existence of Nonylphenol:From the perspective of soil aggregates.

Nonylphenol (4-NP) has significant adverse effects on the male reproductive system. 4-NP is commonly used in agriculture as a plasticizer and pesticide emulsifier. In the current study, two soil samples with different textures were collected to evaluate the impact of soil components on the environmental existence of 4-NP among soil aggregates. It was found that the presence of soil POM resulted in 4-NP exhibiting a significantly polarized distribution in soil aggregates, instead of the expected increase in content with decreasing particle size. High levels of organic matter and metal oxides result in a high carrying capacity of small aggregates for 4-NP in both soil textures, while POM results in a higher carrying capacity of large aggregates for 4-NP in clay soil. Another important finding is that the existence of 4-NP in soil was regulated by the percentage of aggregates. The results of contribution shown that although small aggregates in sand presented stronger 4-NP carrying capacity, whereas 4-NP was mainly distributed in large aggregates in sand. For clay soil, 4-NP was predominantly located in small aggregates with the 4-NP contributions of small aggregates amounting to 63.17%, despite the highest carrying capacity of 4-NP was observed in large aggregates. These results provide a theoretical basis to investigate the transport and transformation of 4-NP in the soil environment.

Review of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.: Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, health benefits, structural-activity relationships and applications.

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (C. morifolium), as a traditional ornamental plant, it has multiple values, including edible, economic, nutritional and even medicinal values, which is used as herbal medicine and a new food resource in the world. Polysaccharides are one of the main bioactive components in C. morifolium, which have various health benefits such as improving functional constipation, improving colitis, anti-glycosylation, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, immunomodulation, prebiotic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. This paper describes the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, health benefits, structural-activity relationships, applications, and analyses the shortcomings of the major relevant studies exist on C. morifolium polysaccharides. In addition, the potential mechanisms of the health benefits of C. morifolium polysaccharides were summarized. This study can provide reference and direction for further research and development of C. morifolium polysaccharides.