Inflammation-free electrochemical in vivo sensing of dopamine with atomic-level engineered antioxidative single-atom catalyst.

Electrochemical methods with tissue-implantable microelectrodes provide an excellent platform for real-time monitoring the neurochemical dynamics in vivo due to their superior spatiotemporal resolution and high selectivity and sensitivity. Nevertheless, electrode implantation inevitably damages the brain tissue, upregulates reactive oxygen species level, and triggers neuroinflammatory response, resulting in unreliable quantification of neurochemical events. Herein, we report a multifunctional sensing platform for inflammation-free in vivo analysis with atomic-level engineered Fe single-atom catalyst that functions as both single-atom nanozyme with antioxidative activity and electrode material for dopamine oxidation. Through high-temperature pyrolysis and catalytic performance screening, we fabricate a series of Fe single-atom nanozymes with different coordination configurations and find that the Fe single-atom nanozyme with FeN4 exhibits the highest activity toward mimicking catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as eliminating hydroxyl radical, while also featuring high electrode reactivity toward dopamine oxidation. These dual functions endow the single-atom nanozyme-based sensor with anti-inflammatory capabilities, enabling accurate dopamine sensing in living male rat brain. This study provides an avenue for designing inflammation-free electrochemical sensing platforms with atomic-precision engineered single-atom catalysts.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on individualized spots based on task fMRI improves swallowing function in post-stroke dysphagia.

BACKGROUND: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has not previously been used to localize the swallowing functional area in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for post-stroke dysphagia; Traditionally, the target area for rTMS is the hotspot, which is defined as the specific region of the brain identified as the optimal location for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This study aims to compare the network differences between the TMS hotspot and the saliva swallowing fMRI activation to determine the better rTMS treatment site and investigate changes in functional connectivity related to post-stroke dysphagia using resting-state fMRI. METHODS: Using an information-based approach, we conducted a single case study to explore neural functional connectivity in a patient with post-stroke dysphagia before, immediately after rTMS, and four weeks after rTMS intervention. 20 healthy participants underwent fMRI and TMS hotspot localization as a control group. Neural network alterations were assessed , and functional connections related to post-stroke dysphagia were examined using resting-state fMRI. RESULTS: Compared to the TMS-induced hotspots, the fMRI activation peaks were located significantly more posteriorly and exhibited stronger functional connectivity with bilateral postcentral gyri. Following rTMS treatment, this patient developed functional connection between the brainstem and the bilateral insula, caudate, anterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum. CONCLUSION: The saliva swallowing fMRI activation peaks show more intense functional connectivity with bilateral postcentral gyri compared to the TMS hotspots. Activation peak-guided rTMS treatment improves swallowing function in post-stroke dysphagia. This study proposes a novel and potentially more efficacious therapeutic target for rTMS, expanding its therapeutic options for treating post-stroke dysphagia.

Dronedarone inhibits the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the CDK4/CDK6-RB1 axis in vitro and in vivo.

Treatment options for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) often result in poor prognosis and declining health-related quality of life. Screening FDA-approved drugs for cancer chemoprevention is a promising and cost-efficient strategy. Here, we found that dronedarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, could inhibit the proliferation of ESCC cells. Moreover, we conducted phosphorylomics analysis to investigate the mechanism of dronedarone-treated ESCC cells. Through computational docking models and pull-down assays, we demonstrated that dronedarone could directly bind to CDK4 and CDK6 kinases. We also proved that dronedarone effectively inhibited ESCC proliferation by targeting CDK4/CDK6 and blocking the G0/G1 phase through RB1 phosphorylation inhibition by in vitro kinase assays and cell cycle assays. Subsequently, we found that knocking out CDK4 and CDK6 decreased the susceptibility of ESCC cells to dronedarone. Furthermore, dronedarone suppressed the growth of ESCC in patient-derived tumor xenograft models in vivo. Thus, our study demonstrated that dronedarone could be repurposed as a CDK4/6 inhibitor for ESCC chemoprevention.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted comparative laparoscopic surgery in lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer.

INTRODUCTION: A meta-analysis was conducted on the perioperative and oncological outcomes of robot-assisted and laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection in rectal cancer. There are few articles and reports on this topic, and a lack of high-quality research results in unreliable research conclusions. This study includes prospective and retrospective studies to obtain more reliable findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The search was conducted from the time of database construction to March 2024. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the NOS scoring system. Meta-analysis was performed using R language software. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: Six relevant literatures that met the criteria were finally included, and 652 patients were included, including 316 (48.5%) in the robot-assisted lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer group (RLLND) and 336 (51.5%) in the laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer group (LLLND). Analysis of the results showed that compared with the laparoscopic group, the robotic group had less mean intraoperative blood loss (MD = - 22, 95% CI - 40.03 to - 3.97, P < 0.05), longer operative time (MD = 51.57, 95%CI 7.69 to 95.45, P < 0.05), and a shorter mean hospital stay (MD = - 1.25, 95%CI - 2.46 to - 0.05, P < 0.05), a low rate of urinary complications (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.64, P < 0.01), a low overall rate of postoperative complications (OR 0.6, 95%CI 0.42 to 0.87, P < 0.01), and a high number of lateral lymph node dissection (MD = 1.18, 95% CI 0.14 to 2.23, P < 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative anastomotic leakage, postoperative intestinal obstruction, and total number of lymph nodes obtained (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with laparoscopy, robotic lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer reduces intraoperative blood loss, shortens the average length of hospital stay, reduces urologic complications, decreases overall postoperative complications, and collects more lateral lymph nodes. However, the surgical time is prolonged.

Zr-MOF Carrier-Enhanced Dual-Mode Biosensing Platforms for Rapid and Sensitive Diagnosis of Mpox.

Dual-mode readout platforms with colorimetric and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal enhancement are proposed for the ultrasensitive and flexible detection of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in different scenes. A new nanotag, Ru@U6-Ru/Pt NPs is constructed for dual-mode platforms by integrating double-layered ECL luminophores and the nanozyme using Zr-MOF (UiO-66-NH2) as the carrier, which not only generates enhanced ECL and colorimetric signals but also provide greater stability than that of commonly used nanotags. Dual-mode platforms are used within 15 min from the "sample in" to the "result out" steps, without nucleic acid amplification. The colorimetric mode allows the screening of MPXV with the visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 0.1 pM (6 × 108 copies µL-1) and the ECL mode supports quantitative detection of MPXV with an LOD as low as 10 aM (6 copies·µL-1), resulting in a broad sensing range of 60 to 3 × 1011 copies·µL-1 (10 orders of magnitude). Validation is conducted using 50 clinical samples, which is 100% concordant to those of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), indicating that Ru@U6-Ru/Pt NPs-based dual-mode sensing platforms showed great promise as rapid, sensitive, and accurate tools for diagnosis of the nucleic acid of MPXV and other infectious pathogens.

Increased tensile strength induced by the precipitation of nanocrystals for welding joints of Zr-based amorphous alloys.

Zr-based amorphous alloys have attracted intensive attention for applications because of their excellent mechanical property. However, the welding process is inevitable for some special cases, such as the obtain of large size structure parts. It is significant to clarify the influence of introduced welding joints on mechanical properties in Zr-based amorphous alloys. Herein, the increased tensile strength of welding joints in Zr-based amorphous alloys is demonstrated by choosing a suitable initial temperature of Cu cooling fixtures for pulsed laser welding. It is found that an optimized tensile strength is observed when the initial temperature is -20 °C. With the decrease of the initial temperature from 10 to -30 °C, the tensile strength shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Combined with the characterization of microstructures, it can be concluded that the increased tensile strength results from the precipitation of nanocrystals in the heat affected zone. Thus, our results provide a method to improve the mechanical property by controlling the microstructures of the heat affected zone in welding joints of Zr-based amorphous alloys.

Improving image quality and in-stent restenosis diagnosis with high-resolution "double-low" coronary CT angiography in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the image quality of a high-resolution, low-dose coronary CT angiography (CCTA) with deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) and second-generation motion correction algorithms, namely, SnapShot Freeze 2 (SSF2) algorithm, and its diagnostic accuracy for in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in comparison with standard-dose CCTA with high-definition mode reconstructed by adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction Veo algorithm (ASIR-V) and the first-generation motion correction algorithm, namely, SnapShot Freeze 1 (SSF1). Methods: Patients after PCI and suspected of having ISR scheduled for high-resolution CCTA (randomly for 100 kVp low-dose CCTA or 120 kVp standard-dose) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were prospectively enrolled in this study. After the basic information pairing, a total of 105 patients were divided into the LD group (60 patients underwent 100 kVp low-dose CCTA reconstructed with DLIR and SSF2) and the SD group (45 patients underwent 120 kVp standard-dose CCTA reconstructed with ASIR-V and SSF1). Radiation and contrast medium doses, objective image quality including CT value, image noise (standard deviation), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the aorta, left main artery (LMA), left ascending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA) of the two groups were compared. A five-point scoring system was used for the overall image quality and stent appearance evaluation. Binary ISR was defined as an in-stent neointimal proliferation with diameter stenosis ≥50% to assess the diagnostic performance between the LD group and SD group with ICA as the standard reference. Results: The LD group achieved better objective and subjective image quality than that of the SD group even with 39.1% radiation dose reduction and 28.0% contrast media reduction. The LD group improved the diagnostic accuracy for coronary ISR to 94.2% from the 83.8% of the SD group on the stent level and decreased the ratio of false-positive cases by 19.2%. Conclusion: Compared with standard-dose CCTA with ASIR-V and SSF1, the high-resolution, low-dose CCTA with DLIR and SSF2 reconstruction algorithms further improves the image quality and diagnostic performance for coronary ISR at 39.1% radiation dose reduction and 28.0% contrast dose reduction.

Reconstruction of Defects After Oral Cancer Surgery With the Superior Thyroid Artery Perforator Flap.

OBJECTIVE: The superior thyroid artery perforator flap (STAPF) was previously presented as a type of locoregional pedicled flap for lateral facial and temple defects. In this study, we aimed to present our clinical experience with this flap for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects after oral cancer surgery. METHODS: From February 2019 to December 2022, 24 patients with oral cancers at the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University were included. Among these patients, 10 had cancers located in the tongue, five in the cheek inside the oral cavity, three in the lower gingiva, two in the upper gingiva, two in the floor of the mouth, and two in the palate. All patients were treated with extended tumor resection, neck dissection, and STAPFs to reconstruct the soft tissue defects. The details of the flap, including the flap size, venous flow, vascular pedicle length, the attatched muscle, and operation time were evaluated. RESULTS: The dimensions of the flap skin paddle ranged from 3 cm × 5 cm to 6 × 14 cm. Fourteen patients had a closely concomitant superior thyroid vein perforator. Ten patients had non-closely concomitant superior thyroid veins perforators which retrograde external jugular vein. The vascular pedicle length ranged from 5 to 9 cm. The infrahyoid muscle group or sternocleidomastoid muscle was included in the flaps in three patients. A total of 23/24 flaps were successful. CONCLUSIONS: The STAPF is a viable reconstructive option for patients with oral cancers. It has the advantages of being robust, being thin, short operation time, and minor donor site complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Whole cervix imaging of collagen, muscle, and cellularity in term and preterm pregnancy.

Cervical softening and dilation are critical for the successful term delivery of a fetus, with premature changes associated with preterm birth. Traditional clinical measures like transvaginal ultrasound and Bishop scores fall short in predicting preterm births and elucidating the cervix's complex microstructural changes. Here, we introduce a magnetic resonance diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) technique for non-invasive, comprehensive imaging of cervical cellularity, collagen, and muscle fibers. This method is validated through ex vivo DBSI and histological analyses of specimens from total hysterectomies. Subsequently, retrospective in vivo DBSI analysis at 32 weeks of gestation in ten term deliveries and seven preterm deliveries with inflammation-related conditions shows distinct microstructural differences between the groups, alongside significant correlations with delivery timing. These results highlight DBSI's potential to improve understanding of premature cervical remodeling and aid in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions for at-risk pregnancies. Future studies will further assess DBSI's clinical applicability.

Dynamic nanomechanical characterization of cells in exosome therapy.

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been confirmed to enhance cell proliferation and improve tissue repair. Exosomes release their contents into the cytoplasmic solution of the recipient cell to mediate cell expression, which is the main pathway through which exosomes exert therapeutic effects. The corresponding process of exosome internalization mainly occurs in the early stage of treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of exosomes in the early stage remains to be further studied. We report that the three-dimensional cell traction force can intuitively reflect the ability of exosomes to enhance the cytoskeleton and cell contractility of recipient cells, serving as an effective method to characterize the therapeutic effect of exosomes. Compared with traditional biochemical methods, we can visualize the early therapeutic effect of exosomes in real time without damage by quantifying the cell traction force. Through quantitative analysis of traction forces, we found that endometrial stromal cells exhibit short-term cell roundness accompanied by greater traction force during the early stage of exosome therapy. Further experiments revealed that exosomes enhance the traction force and cytoskeleton by regulating the Rac1/RhoA signaling pathway, thereby promoting cell proliferation. This work provides an effective method for rapidly quantifying the therapeutic effects of exosomes and studying the underlying mechanisms involved.

A topological nodal line semi-metal with a negative Poisson's ratio in a three-dimensional carbon network with sp2 hybridization.

In carbon allotropes, a series of topological semi-metals have been predicted, but both novel electronic properties and mechanical characteristics, e.g., a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), are rarely discovered in the same sp2 type system. Here, a new three-dimensional carbon network, named WZGN, constructed from distorted one-dimensional zigzag graphene nanoribbons is proposed. The stability of the system is fully ensured by the phonon dispersion, AIMD simulation, and binding energy calculations. Besides, it is found that the system holds both topologically protected nodal line semi-metal properties together with an NPR property. Especially, the value of the NPR can exceed -0.36 when 21% uniaxial tensile strain along the c'-direction is applied. Our findings point out that nodal line semi-metals can be compatible with intrinsic NPR properties in a wide strain range in carbon systems with sp2 hybridization, suggesting possible applications in mechanical and electronics fields.

Study of Correlation between Fetal Bowel Dilation and Congenital Gastrointestinal Malformation.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound serves as a valuable tool for the early detection of fetal bowel dilatation, yet the correlation between fetal bowel dilatation and gastrointestinal malformations remains to be further investigated. This study aims to explore the relationship by conducting a follow-up and analysis of fetuses with bowel dilation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 fetuses with bowel dilatation at our center from July 2014 to December 2019. The location and degree of bowel dilatation were analyzed. ROC curves were constructed based on the diameter of the bowel and its ratio to fetal gestational age. RESULTS: In total, 40 of 41 cases (97.6%) with upper gastrointestinal dilatation (double-bubble sign) and 46 of 72 cases (63.9%) with lower gastrointestinal dilatation were diagnosed with gastrointestinal malformations postnatally. The AUC of the dilatation diameter was 0.854 with a cutoff value of 18.05 mm in patients with lower gastrointestinal dilatation. The ratio of the diameter to gestational age (D/GA) showed a higher AUC of 0.906 with a cutoff value of 0.4931. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the double-bubble sign in fetuses indicates a close association with duodenal obstruction. The risk of gastrointestinal malformations increases when the bowel diameter exceeds 18.05 mm, particularly when the D/GA surpasses 0.4931.

Separating Charge Centers of Chain Segments in Dielectric Elastomer through Steric Hindrance Engineering.

Theoretically, separating the positive and negative charge centers of the chain segments of dielectric elastomers (DEs) is a viable alternative to the conventional decoration of chain backbone with polar handles, since it can dramatically increase the dipole vector and hence the dielectric constant (ε') of the DEs while circumvent the undesired impact of the decorated polar handles on the dielectric loss (tan δ). Herein, a novel and universal method is demonstrated to achieve effective separation of the charge centers of chain segments in homogeneous DEs by steric hindrance engineering, i.e., by incorporating a series of different included angle-containing building blocks into the networks. Both experimental and simulation results have shown that the introduction of these building blocks can create a spatially fixed included angle between two adjacent chain segments, thus separating the charge center of the associated region. Accordingly, incorporating a minimal amount of these building blocks (≈5 mol%) can lead to a considerably sharp increase (≈50%) in the ε' of the DEs while maintaining an extremely low tan δ (≈0.006@1 kHz), indicating that this methodology can substantially optimize the dielectric performance of DEs based on a completely different mechanism from the established methods.

Characteristics of inclusions in chang 7 member and shale oil accumulation stages in Zhijing-Ansai area, Ordos Basin.

In order to further clarify the shale oil accumulation period of the Chang 7 member of the Mesozoic Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Zhijing-Ansai area of the central Ordos Basin, Using fluid inclusion petrography analysis, microscopic temperature measurement, salinity analysis and fluorescence spectrum analysis methods, combined with the burial history-thermal history recovery in the area, the oil and gas accumulation period of the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation in the Zhijing-Ansai area was comprehensively analyzed. Sixteen shale oil reservoir samples of the Mesozoic Triassic Yanchang Formation in seven typical wells in the study area were selected.The results show that the fluid inclusions in the Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation can be divided into two stages. The first stage inclusions mainly develop liquid hydrocarbon inclusions and a large number of associated brine inclusions, which are mainly beaded in fracture-filled quartz and fracture-filled calcite. The fluorescence color is blue and blue-green, and the homogenization temperature of the associated brine inclusions is between 90-110°C. The second stage inclusions are mainly gas-liquid two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions, gas inclusions and asphalt inclusions. Most of them are distributed in the fracture-filled quartz, and the temperature of the associated brine inclusions is between 120-130°C. Fluid inclusions in Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation can be divided into two stages. The CO2 inclusions and high temperature inclusions in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation are mainly derived from deep volcanic activity in the crust.

Combining anodic alcohol oxidative coupling for C-C bond formation with cathodic ammonia production.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols using heterogeneous catalysts is a promising aqueous, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly approach, especially for coupling different alcohols to prolong the carbon chain via co-oxidation. Precisely regulating critical steps to tailor electrode materials and electrolyte composition is key to selectively coupling alcohols for targeted synthesis. However, selectively coupling different alcohols remains challenging due to the lack of effective catalyst and electrolyte design promoting specific pathways. Herein, we demonstrate a paired electrolysis strategy for combining anodic oxidative coupling of ethanol (EtOH) and benzyl alcohol (PhCH2OH) to synthesize cinnamaldehyde (CAL) and cathodic ammonia production. The strategies involve: (i) utilizing the salt-out effect to balance selective oxidation and coupling rates; (ii) developing platinum-loaded nickel hydroxide electrocatalysts to accelerate intermediate coupling kinetics; (iii) introducing thermodynamically favorable nitrate reduction at the cathode to improve coupling selectivity by avoiding hydrogenation of products while generating valuable ammonia instead of hydrogen. We achieved 85% coupling selectivity and 278 µmol/h NH3 productive rate at 100 mA/cm2 with a low energy input (∼1.63 V). The membrane-free, low energy, scalable approach with a wide substrate scope highlights promising applications of this methodology. This work advances heterogeneous electrocatalytic synthesis through rational design principles that integrate anodic oxidative coupling with cathodic nitrate reduction reactions, having synergistic effects on efficiency and selectivity.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the association between specific solute carrier proteins gene expression patterns and the immune suppressive microenvironment in glioma.

Glioma is the most prevalent malignant brain tumour. Currently, reshaping its tumour microenvironment has emerged as an appealing strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. As the largest group of transmembrane transport proteins, solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are responsible for the transmembrane transport of various metabolites and ions. They play a crucial role in regulating the metabolism and functions of malignant cells and immune cells within the tumour microenvironment, making them a promising target in cancer therapy. Through multidimensional data analysis and experimental validation, we investigated the genetic landscape of SLCs in glioma. We established a classification system comprising 7-SLCs to predict the prognosis of glioma patients and their potential responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Our findings unveiled specific SLC expression patterns and their correlation with the immune-suppressive microenvironment and metabolic status. The 7-SLC classification system was validated in distinguishing subgroups within the microenvironment, specifically identifying subsets involving malignant cells and tumour-associated macrophages. Furthermore, the orphan protein SLC43A3, a core member of the 7-SLC classification system, was identified as a key facilitator of tumour cell proliferation and migration, suggesting its potential as a novel target for cancer therapy.

An innovative approach for assessing coronary artery lesions: Fusion of wrist pulse and photoplethysmography using a multi-sensor pulse diagnostic device.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality globally and poses a significant threat to public health. Coronary angiography (CAG) is a gold standard for the clinical diagnosis of CHD, but its invasiveness restricts its widespread application. In this study, we utilized a pulse diagnostic device equipped with pressure and photoelectric sensors to synchronously and non-invasively capture wrist pressure pulse waves and fingertip photoplethysmography (FPPG) of patients undergoing CAG. The extracted features were utilized in constructing random forest-based models to assessing the severity of coronary artery lesions. Notably, Model 3, incorporating both wrist pulse and FPPG features, surpassed Model 1 (solely utilizing wrist pulse features) and Model 2 (solely utilizing FPPG features). Model3 achieved an Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score of 78.79%, 78.69%, 78.79%, and 78.70%, respectively. Compared to Model1 and Model2, Model 3 exhibited improvements by 4.55%, 5.25%, 4.55%, and 5.12%, and 6.06%, 6.58%, 6.06%, and 6.54% respectively. This fusion of wrist pulse and FPPG features in Model 3 highlights the advantages of multi-source information fusion for model optimization. Additionally, this research provides invaluable insights into the novel development of diagnostic devices imbued with TCM principles and their potential in managing cardiovascular diseases.

Spinal sirtuin 2 attenuates bone cancer pain by deacetylating FoxO3a.

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is refractory to currently used analgesics. Recently, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was reported to play a vital role in neuropathic pain but its role in BCP remains unknown. It was hypothesized that spinal SIRT2 attenuates BCP by deacetylating FoxO3a and suppressing oxidative stress. The mouse model of BCP established by injecting tumor cells into the intramedullary space of the femur demonstrated that spinal SIRT2 and FoxO3a were downregulated in BCP development. Intrathecal administration of LV-SIRT2 reduced pain hypersensitivity (mechanical and thermal nociception) in BCP mice. Spinal SIRT2 overexpression upregulated FoxO3a and antioxidant genes (SOD2 and catalase) and inhibited FoxO3a acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Moreover, intrathecal administration of SIRT2 shRNA induced pain hypersensitivity in normal mice. Spinal SIRT2 knockdown downregulated FoxO3a and antioxidant genes and increased FoxO3a acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. In summary, spinal SIRT2 increases FoxO3a expression in BCP mice and inhibits oxidative stress by deacetylating FoxO3a and further reducing FoxO3a phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation, leading to BCP relief.

Nuclear deformation and cell division of single cell on elongated micropatterned substrates fabricated by DMD lithography.

Cells sense mechanical signals from the surrounding environment and transmit them to the nucleus through mechanotransduction to regulate cellular behavior. Microcontact printing, which utilizes elastomer stamps, is an effective method for simulating the cellular microenvironment and manipulating cell morphology. However, the conventional fabrication process of silicon masters and elastomer stamps requires complex procedures and specialized equipment, which restricts the widespread application of micropatterning in cell biology and hinders the investigation of the role of cell geometry in regulating cell behavior. In this study, we present an innovative method for convenient resin stamp microfabrication based on digital micromirror device planar lithography. Using this method, we generated a series of patterns ranging from millimeter to micrometer scales and validated their effectiveness in controlling adhesion at both collective and individual cell levels. Additionally, we investigated mechanotransduction and cell behavior on elongated micropatterned substrates. We then examined the effects of cell elongation on cytoskeleton organization, nuclear deformation, focal adhesion formation, traction force generation, nuclear mechanics, and the growth of HeLa cells. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between cell length and mechanotransduction. Interestingly, HeLa cells with moderate length exhibit the highest cell division and proliferation rates. These results highlight the regulatory role of cell elongation in mechanotransduction and its significant impact on cancer cell growth. Furthermore, our methodology for controlling cell adhesion holds the potential for addressing fundamental questions in both cell biology and biomedical engineering.