Exploration of iodine adsorption performance of pyrene-based two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.

Radioiodine (mainly 129I and 131I) is known to be dangerous nuclear waste due to its high toxicity, fast mobility and long radioactive half-life. As an emerging class of novel porous organic polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have demonstrated tremendous application potential in the field of radioactive iodine capture because of their high specific surface area and tunable pore structure. Herein, three π-conjugated pyrene-based COFs, namely PyTTA-BPDA-COF, PyTTA-BPY-COF, and PyTTA-BT-COF, have been successfully prepared and used as highly efficient adsorbents for iodine capture. The experimental results show that the three COFs displayed excellent adsorption performance, with adsorption capacity of 5.03, 4.46, and 3.97 g g-1 for PyTTA-BPDA-COF, PyTTA-BPY-COF, and PyTTA-BT-COF, respectively. Additionally, the release rate of iodine-loaded COFs in methanol solution and recyclability were also impressive, demonstrating their potential for practical applications. The mechanism investigation reveals that both imine linkage and π-conjugated structure of the COFs may contribute to their high iodine adsorption capability. This work is instructive as a guide for designing and synthesizing COFs as a solid-phase adsorbent for iodine uptake.

The effect of depression status on osteoarthritis: A powerful two-step Mendelian randomization study.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. OBJECTIVE: There is no conclusive epidemiological evidence regarding the relationship between OA, depression, and whole-body fat mass. In this study, we conducted a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis to determine the causal relationships between them. DESIGN: The published summary-level data are from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our study included 357,957 samples and 10,828,862 SNPs. Finally, the outcome GWAS data for OA came from a GWAS on the genetic architecture of OA using UK Biobank data. This study included 50,508 samples and 15,845,511 SNPs. We used five different modes of analysis, including inverse variance weighted meta-analysis (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, to explore causal relationships. RESULTS: We found a positive correlation between depression and body fat mass, with depression leading to body fat mass an increase in (IVW result: p = 3.39E-07, OR (95 % CI) =2.16 (1.61, 2.90)). We also found a positive correlation between body fat mass and OA, with body fat mass increasing the risk of OA (IVW result: p = 1.65E-33, OR (95 % CI) = 1.98 (1.77, 2.21). Body fat mass played an important role as a mediator in the causal relationship between depression and OA, with approximately 14 % of the risk of OA caused by depression being mediated by body fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers reliable evidence that depression has a detrimental impact on the risk of OA. Future research can support these associations from improving depressed effect, including social, biological, and behavioral factors, to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis. And we identified high-risk variation of alleles which associated with OA and depression can be used to predict disease and provide a basis for clinical intervention and treatment of OA.

Stepwise extraction of lithium and potassium and recovery of fluoride from aluminum electrolyte wastes through calcification roasting-two-stage leaching.

Aluminum electrolyte is a necessity for aluminum reduction cells; however, its stock is rising every year due to several factors, resulting in the accumulation of solid waste. Currently, it has become a favorable material for the resources of lithium, potassium, and fluoride. In this study, the calcification roasting-two-stage leaching process was introduced to extract lithium and potassium separately from aluminum electrolyte wastes, and the fluoride in the form of CaF2 was recycled. The separation behaviors of lithium and potassium under different conditions were investigated systematically. XRD and SEM-EDS were used to elucidate the phase evolution of the whole process. During calcification roasting-water leaching, the extraction efficiency of potassium was 98.7% under the most suitable roasting parameters, at which the lithium extraction efficiency was 6.6%. The mechanism analysis indicates that CaO combines with fluoride to form CaF2, while Li-containing and K-containing fluorides were transformed into water-insoluble LiAlO2 phase and water-soluble KAlO2 phase, respectively, thereby achieving the separation of two elements by water leaching. In the second acid-leaching stage, the extraction efficiency of lithium was 98.8% from water-leached residue under the most suitable leaching conditions, and CaF2 was obtained with a purity of 98.1%. The present process can provide an environmentally friendly and promising method to recycle aluminum electrolyte wastes and achieve resource utilization.

Conformity behavior in crises: evidence from the COVID-19 epidemic in China.

Once a mass health crisis breaks out, it causes concern among whole societies. Thus, understanding the individual's behavior in response to such events is key in government crisis management. From the perspective of social influence theory, this study adopts the empirical research method to collect data information in February 2020 through online survey, with a view to comprehensively describe the individuals'conformity behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The individual's conformity behavior and new influencing factors were identified. The results revealed that affective risk perception, cognitive risk perception, and individual risk knowledge had a positive significant impact on normative influence. Affective risk perception and individual risk knowledge had a positive significant on informative influence. Cognitive risk perception did not significantly impact informative influence. Informative influence and normative influence had a positive effect on conformity behavior. These results have significant implications for the management behavior of the government.

Ecotoxicological assessment, oxidative response, and enzyme activity disorder of the rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis exposed to a toxic cocktail of spent lithium-ion battery leachate.

Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a major source of waste due to their low recovery rate. The physical disposal of spent LIBs can lead to the leaching of their contents into the surrounding environment. While it is widely agreed that hazardous substances such as nickel and cobalt in the leachate can pose a threat to the environment and human health, the overall composition and toxicity of LIB leachate remain unclear. In this study, a chemical analysis of leachate from spent LIBs was conducted to identify its primary constituents. The ecotoxicological parameters of the model organism, rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis, were assessed to elucidate the toxicity of the LIB leachate. Subsequent experiments elucidated the impacts of the LIB leachate and its representative components on the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme activity of B. asplanchnoidis. The results indicate that both the LIB leachate and its components are harmful to individual rotifers due to the adverse effects of stress-induced disturbances in biochemical indicators, posing a threat to population development. The intensified poisoning phenomenon under combined stress suggests the presence of complex synergistic effects among the components of LIB leachate. Due to the likely environmental and biological hazards, LIBs should be strictly managed after disposal. Additionally, more economical and eco-friendly recycling and treatment technologies need to be developed and commercialized.

The nuclear matrix protein HNRNPU restricts hepatitis B virus transcription by promoting OAS3-based activation of host innate immunity.

Heterogeneous nuclear protein U (HNRNPU) plays a pivotal role in innate immunity by facilitating chromatin opening to activate immune genes during host defense against viral infection. However, the mechanism by which HNRNPU is involved in Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription regulation through mediating antiviral immunity remains unknown. Our study revealed a significant decrease in HNRNPU levels during HBV transcription, which depends on HBx-DDB1-mediated degradation. Overexpression of HNRNPU suppressed HBV transcription, while its knockdown effectively promoted viral transcription, indicating HNRNPU as a novel host restriction factor for HBV transcription. Mechanistically, HNRNPU inhibits HBV transcription by activating innate immunity through primarily the positive regulation of the interferon-stimulating factor 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3, which mediates an ribonuclease L-dependent mechanism to enhance innate immune responses. This study offers new insights into the host immune regulation of HBV transcription and proposes potential targets for therapeutic intervention against HBV infection.

Laparoscopic-assisted fertility-sparing surgery for growing teratoma syndrome of the ovary: experience from a tertiary center.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The main objective is to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic fertility-sparing surgery in women with growing teratoma syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Chinese tertiary university hospital. PATIENTS: Patients with growing teratoma syndrome who underwent fertility-sparing surgery between January 2015 and August 2023. INTERVENTIONS: Baseline characteristics and surgical outcomes were evaluated, including clinical information, surgical procedures, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, complications, length of hospital stay, and follow-up information. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with ovarian growing teratoma syndrome underwent fertility-sparing surgery: 12 had laparoscopic surgery and 14 underwent laparotomic surgery. In the laparoscopic group, the median age of the patients during initial management of immature teratoma or mixed malignant ovarian germ cell tumor was 14.0 years (interquartile range: 13.0-24.5 years). Eleven patients were nulliparous. The primary ovarian tumor was pure immature teratoma in 10 patients and mixed ovarian germ cell tumor in 2 patients. Complete laparoscopic tumor resection was achieved in 11 patients. Patients in laparoscopic group had shorter median operative time (76.5 vs 180.0 minutes, p = 0.001), lower estimated blood loss (20.0 vs 400.0 ml, p < 0.001), decreased postoperative hospital stay (2.0 vs 7.0 days, p < 0.001), compared with laparotomic surgery. There was no conversion to laparotomy and no perioperative complications. Histological examination confirmed mature teratoma in all cases. During a median follow-up of 21.9 months (interquartile range: 7.6-44.9 months), 11 patients were alive without disease and 1 was alive with disease. One pregnancy was achieved postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fertility-sparing surgery may represent a feasible option in well-selected patients with ovarian growing teratoma syndrome. Surgery should be performed in gynecologic oncology centers by experienced staff trained in endoscopic procedures. More research and long-time follow-up are needed to determine the oncological outcomes and safety of laparoscopic surgery in this population.

Efficacy and safety of an oral combination therapy of niraparib and etoposide in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer: a single arm, prospective, phase II study.

OBJECTIVE: Non-platinum chemotherapy is used in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer patients but offers limited efficacy, especially in those who develop platinum resistance after ≤2 lines of platinum based chemotherapy. This phase II study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral niraparib plus etoposide in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. METHODS: Platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer patients after ≤2 lines of platinum based chemotherapy, histologically confirmed as non-mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer, regardless of biomarker status, were eligible. Patients received niraparib with a starting dose of 200 mg/100 mg alternate once a day, and oral etoposide of 50 mg once a day, on days 1-20 of 30 days per cycle for a maximum of 6-8 cycles, followed by niraparib until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was investigator assessed progression free survival. RESULTS: 29 patients were enrolled from 22 May 2020 to 3 February 2023; 26 patients were included in the efficacy analysis set as per protocol. Median progression free survival was 4.2 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9 to 4.4). Overall response rate was 26.9% (95% CI 8.7 to 45.2). Disease control rate was 57.7% (95% CI 37.3 to 78.0). Overall response rate in patients with a BRCA mutation and homologous recombination deficiency was 50% and 41.7%, respectively. Median progression free survival in patients with primary platinum resistance was 4.5 months (95% CI 3.6 to 5.3). 29 patients were included in the safety analysis set, and 8 (28%) patients experienced treatment related adverse events of grade ≥3. There was no treatment related discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: Niraparib combined with etoposide showed evidence of antitumor activity in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer after ≤2 lines of platinum based chemotherapy, particularly in patients with a BRCA mutation, homologous recombination deficiency, or primary platinum resistance. This once-a-day oral combination was a convenient option. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04217798.

Predicting outcomes in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors using the modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification system.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of the modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification system in Chinese female patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and to identify predictive factors to enhance the risk classification system. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort analysis, patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors who received surgery with/without chemotherapy were included. These patients had been followed-up by Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2011 to 2020. Patients without complete medical records or no follow-up information were excluded. RESULTS: The study enrolled a total of 271 patients. The risk model classified 106 (39.1%) patients as good-, 84 (31%) as intermediate-, and 81 (29.9%) as poor-risk. With a median follow-up time of 34 months (range 2-147), 48 (17.7%) recurrence and 16 (5.9%) deaths were observed. The risk classification significantly correlated with 3 year disease-free survival and overall survival (log rank p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). The survival outcomes of disease-free survival and overall survival were not statistically different among risk groups in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (log rank p=0.77 and 0.41, respectively). Univariate and multivariable analysis showed that tumor stage (p=0.033, hazard ratio (HR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06 to 3.96) was significantly associated with relapse or progression of disease. Patients over age 40 years exhibited a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: The modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification system was efficacious in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and was significantly associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. Risk assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be more predictive than stratification at initial diagnosis. Age and tumor stage were definitive prognostic factors for germ cell tumors, which may need to be incorporated in the stratification system.

Intracranial EEG signals disentangle multi-areal neural dynamics of vicarious pain perception.

Empathy enables understanding and sharing of others' feelings. Human neuroimaging studies have identified critical brain regions supporting empathy for pain, including the anterior insula (AI), anterior cingulate (ACC), amygdala, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, to date, the precise spatio-temporal profiles of empathic neural responses and inter-regional communications remain elusive. Here, using intracranial electroencephalography, we investigated electrophysiological signatures of vicarious pain perception. Others' pain perception induced early increases in high-gamma activity in IFG, beta power increases in ACC, but decreased beta power in AI and amygdala. Vicarious pain perception also altered the beta-band-coordinated coupling between ACC, AI, and amygdala, as well as increased modulation of IFG high-gamma amplitudes by beta phases of amygdala/AI/ACC. We identified a necessary combination of neural features for decoding vicarious pain perception. These spatio-temporally specific regional activities and inter-regional interactions within the empathy network suggest a neurodynamic model of human pain empathy.

Differences in the depression and burnout networks between doctors and nurses: evidence from a network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between depression and job burnout among healthcare professionals, but the results have been inconsistent, and there is a lack of in-depth exploration of such a relationship among different healthcare professions. The present study aims to investigate the interrelationships between depression and burnout among Chinese healthcare professionals and whether there are differences in the networks of these symptoms between doctors and nurses. METHODS: The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire were employed to assess job burnout and depression among 3,684 healthcare professionals. The translation has been refined to ensure accuracy and academic suitability. Subsequently, network analysis was conducted on 2,244 participants with a higher level of job burnout to identify core symptoms and explore the associations between job burnout and depression. RESULTS: The present study showed a network association between lack of interest and pleasure in things and being exhausted from work, excessive tiredness facing work, tendency to collapse at work, and lack of passion for work than before among healthcare professionals, as well as a notable difference in the network association between lack of interest and pleasure in things and lack of passion for work than before between nurses and doctors. CONCLUSIONS: The depression-burnout network structures differ between doctors and nurses, highlighting the need for targeted intervention measures for both groups.

PCa-RadHop: A transparent and lightweight feed-forward method for clinically significant prostate cancer segmentation.

Prostate Cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers in men, with a low survival rate if not early diagnosed. PI-RADS reading has a high false positive rate, thus increasing the diagnostic incurred costs and patient discomfort. Deep learning (DL) models achieve a high segmentation performance, although require a large model size and complexity. Also, DL models lack of feature interpretability and are perceived as "black-boxes" in the medical field. PCa-RadHop pipeline is proposed in this work, aiming to provide a more transparent feature extraction process using a linear model. It adopts the recently introduced Green Learning (GL) paradigm, which offers a small model size and low complexity. PCa-RadHop consists of two stages: Stage-1 extracts data-driven radiomics features from the bi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (bp-MRI) input and predicts an initial heatmap. To reduce the false positive rate, a subsequent stage-2 is introduced to refine the predictions by including more contextual information and radiomics features from each already detected Region of Interest (ROI). Experiments on the largest publicly available dataset, PI-CAI, show a competitive performance standing of the proposed method among other deep DL models, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.807 among a cohort of 1,000 patients. Moreover, PCa-RadHop maintains orders of magnitude smaller model size and complexity.

[An anatomical road map of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery in lateral and endoscopic ventral approaches].

Objective:To describe the road map of the lateral and endoscopic ventral approaches for the pharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery, propose a sub-segmentation scheme, systematically and comprehensively understand its anatomical details and relationships with the surrounding structures. Methods:Five fresh cadaveric head specimens（10 sides in total） were dissected through lateral and endoscopic ventral approaches to evaluate the anatomical details of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery and its relationship with the surrounding structures. Results:From the bifurcation of the common carotid artery to the vertical part of the internal carotid artery, alongside the direction of blood flow, the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery passes through four distinct anatomical tissues. Based on this, the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery can be divided into four sub-segments: nerve, muscle, fascia and osseous sub-segments. The boundaries and important adjacent structures of each segment are described in detail. Conclusion:The anatomical road map of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery and the sub-segmentation scheme serving as a practical guide to navigate modular endoscopic skull base surgery of the parapharyngeal space while reduce the risk of internal carotid artery injury.

The SAMHD1-MX2 axis restricts HIV-1 infection at postviral DNA synthesis.

HIV-1 replication is tightly regulated in host cells, and various restriction factors have important roles in inhibiting viral replication. SAMHD1, a well-known restriction factor, suppresses HIV-1 replication by hydrolyzing intracellular dNTPs, thereby limiting the synthesis of viral cDNA in quiescent cells. In this study, we revealed an additional and distinct mechanism of SAMHD1 inhibition during the postviral cDNA synthesis stage. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrated the interaction between SAMHD1 and MX2/MxB, an interferon-induced antiviral factor that inhibits HIV-1 cDNA nuclear import. The disruption of endogenous MX2 expression significantly weakened the ability of SAMHD1 to inhibit HIV-1. The crucial region within SAMHD1 that binds to MX2 has been identified. Notably, we found that SAMHD1 can act as a sensor that recognizes and binds to the incoming HIV-1 core, subsequently delivering it to the molecular trap formed by MX2, thereby blocking the nuclear entry of the HIV-1 core structure. SAMHD1 mutants unable to recognize the HIV-1 core showed a substantial decrease in antiviral activity. Certain mutations in HIV-1 capsids confer resistance to MX2 inhibition while maintaining susceptibility to suppression by the SAMHD1-MX2 axis. Overall, our study identifies an intriguing antiviral pattern wherein two distinct restriction factors, SAMHD1 and MX2, collaborate to establish an alternative mechanism deviating from their actions. These findings provide valuable insight into the complex immune defense networks against exogenous viral infections and have implications for the development of targeted anti-HIV therapeutics. IMPORTANCE: In contrast to most restriction factors that directly bind to viral components to exert their antiviral effects, SAMHD1, the only known deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase in eukaryotes, indirectly inhibits viral replication in quiescent cells by reducing the pool of dNTP substrates available for viral cDNA synthesis. Our study provides a novel perspective on the antiviral functions of SAMHD1. In addition to its role in dNTP hydrolysis, SAMHD1 cooperates with MX2 to inhibit HIV-1 nuclear import. In this process, SAMHD1 acts as a sensor for incoming HIV-1 cores, detecting and binding to them, before subsequently delivering the complex to the molecular trap formed by MX2, thereby immobilizing the virus. This study not only reveals a new antiviral pathway for SAMHD1 but also identifies a unique collaboration and interaction between two distinct restriction factors, establishing a novel line of defense against HIV-1 infection, which challenges the traditional view of restriction factors acting independently. Overall, our findings further indicate the intricate complexity of the host immune defense network and provide potential targets for promoting host antiviral immune defense.

Association of screen-based activities and risk of self-harm and suicidal behaviors among young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Emerging evidence suggests that screen-based activities are associated with self-harm and suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to examine these associations among young people through a meta-analysis. We systematically searched EBSCO pshyARTICLES, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science from their inception to April 1, 2022, and updated on May 1, 2024. Longitudinal studies reporting the association between various screen-based activities and subsequent self-harm and suicidal behaviors in young people aged 10 to 24 were included. Nineteen longitudinal studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 13 studies comprising 43,489 young people were included in the meta-analysis, revealing that total screen use is significantly associated with the risks of self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Cyberbullying victimization was also related to these adverse outcomes. Subgroup analyses indicated that social media use and problematic screen use are significant risk factors for self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and potential publication bias was deemed unlikely to affect the results significantly. These findings suggest that screen-based activities should be considered in the management and intervention strategies for self-harm and suicidal behaviors in young people.

Niraparib maintenance therapy using an individualised starting dose in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (NORA): final overall survival analysis of a phase 3 randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Niraparib significantly prolonged progression-free survival versus placebo in patients with platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC), regardless of germline BRCA mutation (gBRCAm) status, in NORA. This analysis reports final data on overall survival (OS). Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial enrolled patients across 30 centres in China between 26 September 2017 and 2 February 2019 (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03705156). Eligible patients had histologically confirmed, recurrent, (predominantly) high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma, or primary peritoneal carcinoma (no histological restrictions for those with gBRCAm) and had received ≥2 prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were randomised (2:1) to receive niraparib or placebo, with stratification by gBRCAm status, time to recurrence following penultimate platinum-based chemotherapy, and response to last platinum-based chemotherapy. Following a protocol amendment, the starting dose was individualised: 200 mg/day for patients with bodyweight <77 kg and/or platelet count <150 × 103/µL at baseline and 300 mg/day otherwise. OS was a secondary endpoint. Findings: Totally, 265 patients were randomised to receive niraparib (n = 177) or placebo (n = 88), and 249 (94.0%) received an individualised starting dose. As of 14 August 2023, median follow-up for OS was 57.9 months (IQR, 54.8-61.6). Median OS (95% CI) with niraparib versus placebo was 51.5 (41.4-58.9) versus 47.6 (33.3-not evaluable [NE]) months, with hazard ratio [HR] of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.60-1.23), in the overall population; 56.0 (36.1-NE) versus 47.6 (31.6-NE) months, with HR of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.46-1.58), in patients with gBRCAm; and 46.5 (41.0-NE) versus 46.9 (31.8-NE) months, with HR of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.56-1.35), in those without. No new safety signals were identified, and myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukaemia occurred in three (1.7%) niraparib-treated patients. Interpretation: Niraparib maintenance therapy with an individualised starting dose demonstrated a favourable OS trend versus placebo in PSROC patients, regardless of gBRCAm status. Funding: Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co., Ltd; National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for "Significant New Drugs Development" in 2018, China [grant number 2018ZX09736019].

Factors associated with clinical nurse's mental health: a qualitative study applying the social ecological model.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of burnout, depression, and anxiety among Chinese nurses was 34%, 55.5%, and 41.8% respectively. Mental health problems have significant impacts on their personal well-being, work performance, patient care quality, and the overall healthcare system. Mental health is influenced by factors at multiple levels and their interactions. METHODS: This was a descriptive qualitative study using phenomenological approach. We recruited a total of 48 nurses from a tertiary hospital in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. Data were collected through focus group interviews. Audio-recorded data were transcribed and inductively analysed. RESULTS: Four major themes with 13 subthemes were identified according to the social ecological model: (1) individual-level factors, including personality traits, sleep quality, workplace adaptability, and years of work experience; (2) interpersonal-level factors, encompassing interpersonal support and role conflict; (3) organization-level factors, such as organizational climate, organizational support, career plateau, and job control; and (4) social-level factors, which included compensation packages, social status, and legislative provision and policy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted factors influencing nurses' mental health. Recognizing the interconnectedness of individual, interpersonal, organizational, and social elements is essential for developing targeted interventions and comprehensive strategies to promote and safeguard the mental well-being of nurses in clinical settings. TRIAL AND PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The larger study was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300072142 (05/06/2023) https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=192676 . REPORTING METHOD: This study is reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Dual Challenge-Response Systems of a Three-Dimensional "Bionic" Fluorescent Physically Unclonable Function Label.

Inspired by the light and dark variations observed in natural cloud clusters under sunlight, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) "bionic" fluorescent physically unclonable function (PUF) label. The minimalist preparation process eliminates the need for expensive traditional instruments, thus offering new insight into the widespread adoption of 3D PUF labels. The Eu(CCA)3(H2O)2 powder, which is the first to propose its secondary building unit, was chosen as the fluorescent material. Its 3D morphology is preserved in the resin to mimic cloud-like structures. Furthermore, the luminescent properties are elucidated through experimental tests and first-principles calculations. To overcome the coding capacity limitation of traditional two-dimensional (2D) fluorescent PUF labels, a dual challenge-response system model is proposed. The shallow and deep models provide anticounterfeiting information from macro and micro perspectives, respectively. This successfully increases the encoding capacity from 210×10 to 2100×10000 for a 10 × 10 pixel binary code. Therefore, 3D "bionic" fluorescent PUF labels strike a balance between the simple usage of PUF labels and enhanced label security.

Graduate and Health Professional Student Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior Related to Human Papillomavirus and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection. Despite a safe and effective vaccine, uptake continues to be suboptimal. Recently, focus has moved to college campuses in an effort to increase vaccination rates. Little is known about the extent of efforts to reach graduate students on college campuses in the United States and the vaccination rates within this subpopulation. This scoping review assessed the literature on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination among graduate and post-baccalaureate professional students in the United States. This review also aims to identify areas for further research to improve institutions' abilities to create health programming to increase HPV awareness and HPV vaccination coverage on their campuses. Publications focusing on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination in post-baccalaureate students were included. The systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase identified 2562 articles, and 56 articles met all inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. A majority of the reviewed studies investigated some combination of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs about HPV and the HPV vaccine in students in professional programs such as medicine. Study design approaches were primarily cross-sectional, utilizing web-based survey distribution methods. HPV vaccination status and HPV screening behaviors were primarily measured through participant self-report. There is limited research investigating post-baccalaureate student knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination. There is a need for researchers to further investigate the needs of graduate students to create informative and effective HPV programming.

Influenza A virus infection disrupts the function of syncytiotrophoblast cells and contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Pregnancy heightens susceptibility to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, thereby increasing the risk of severe pneumonia and maternal mortality. It also raises the chances of adverse outcomes in offspring, such as fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth in offsprings. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these effects remain largely unknown. Syncytiotrophoblast cells, crucial in forming the placental barrier, nutrient exchange and hormone secretion, have not been extensively studied for their responses to IAV. In our experiment, we used Forskolin-treated BeWo cells to mimic syncytiotrophoblast cells in vitro, and infected them with H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9 virus stains. Our results showed that syncytiotrophoblast cells, with their higher intensity of sialic acid receptors, strongly support IAV infection and replication. Notably, high-dose viral infection and prolonged exposure resulted in a significant decrease in fusion index, as well as gene and protein expression levels associated with trophoblast differentiation, ß-human chorionic gonadotropin secretion, estrogen and progesterone biosynthesis, and nutrient transport. In pregnant BALB/c mice infected with the H1N1 virus, we observed significant decreases in trophoblast differentiation and hormone secretion gene expression levels. IAV infection also resulted in preterm labor, fetal growth restriction, and increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Our findings indicate that IAV infection in syncytiotrophoblastic cells can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes by altering trophoblast differentiation, suppressing of ß-hCG secretion, and disrupting placental barrier function.