Association Between Genetically Determined Serum Corin and the Risk of Stroke in Chinese Adults: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

BACKGROUND: Serum corin has been associated with stroke in observational studies, but the underlying causality is uncertain. This study examined the causal association between corin and stroke through Mendelian randomization study. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the Gusu cohort, serum corin was assayed at baseline, and stroke incidents were prospectively obtained during 10 years of follow-up. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CORIN were genotyped by MassArray for 2310 participants (mean age, 53 years; 39% men). Seventeen SNPs passed the Hardy-Weinberg test and were considered the potential instruments. Only 1 SNP (rs2271037) determined variability of serum corin was significantly associated with stroke even after adjusting for conventional risk factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36 [95% CI, 1.00-1.85]). The weighted genetic risk score generated from the SNP-corin associations was significantly associated with stroke (HR, 2.01 [95% CI, 1.15-3.51]). Using this genetic risk score as the instrument, 1-sample Mendelian randomization analysis found a significant HR of stroke per-SD higher log2-transformed corin (HR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.07-1.76]). The inverse variance-weighted analysis based on the SNP-corin and SNP-stroke associations found that the HR of stroke pre-SD higher log2-transformed corin was 5.92 (95% CI, 2.23-15.72). The effect estimates stayed consistent regardless of an individual SNP being removed from the instruments. An almost identical effect estimate was also confirmed by multiple other 2-sample Mendelian randomization methods. CONCLUSIONS: Genetically determined variations of serum corin concentration were significantly associated with the risk of stroke in Chinese adults. Elevated serum corin may be a risk factor for stroke.

DUSP5 deficiency suppresses the progression of acute kidney injury by enhancing autophagy through AMPK/ULK1 pathway.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a critical clinical disease characterized by the rapid decline in renal function, carrying a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality. The treatment of AKI is frequently limited by its variable clinical presentations and intricate pathophysiology, highlighting the urgent need for a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Dual-specific protein phosphatase 5 (DUSP5), a member of the serine-threonine phosphatase family, possesses the capability to dephosphorylate extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK). DUSP5 has emerged as a pivotal player in modulating metabolic signals, inflammatory responses, and cancer progression, while also being closely associated with various kidney diseases. This study systematically scrutinized the function and mechanism of DUSP5 in AKI for the first time, unveiling a substantial increase in DUSP5 expression during AKI. Moreover, DUSP5 knockdown was observed to attenuate the production of inflammatory factors and apoptotic cells in renal tubular epithelial cells by enhancing AMPK/ULK1-mediated autophagy, thus improving renal function. In a word, DUSP5 knockdown in AKI effectively impede disease progression by activating autophagy. This finding holds promise for introducing fresh perspectives and targets for AKI treatment.

Towards the scalable synthesis of two-dimensional heterostructures and superlattices beyond exfoliation and restacking.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, which feature atomically thin geometry and dangling-bond-free surfaces, have attracted intense interest for diverse technology applications, including ultra-miniaturized transistors towards the subnanometre scale. A straightforward exfoliation-and-restacking approach has been widely used for nearly arbitrary assembly of diverse two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures, superlattices and moiré superlattices, providing a versatile materials platform for fundamental investigations of exotic physical phenomena and proof-of-concept device demonstrations. While this approach has contributed importantly to the recent flourishing of 2D materials research, it is clearly unsuitable for practical technologies. Capturing the full potential of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides requires robust and scalable synthesis of these atomically thin materials and their heterostructures with designable spatial modulation of chemical compositions and electronic structures. The extreme aspect ratio, lack of intrinsic substrate and highly delicate nature of the atomically thin crystals present fundamental difficulties in material synthesis. Here we summarize the key challenges, highlight current advances and outline opportunities in the scalable synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenide-based heterostructures, superlattices and moiré superlattices.

Genetic transformation of GmFBX322 gene and salt tolerance physiology in soybean.

Soybean is one of the most important food crops, breeding salt-tolerant soybean varieties is of great significance to alleviate soybean shortage. In this study, the F-box protein family homologous gene GmFBX322 was cloned from the soybean variety Williams 82 and overexpressed in the Shennong 9 soybean variety to further study and explore the physiological mechanism of soybean salt tolerance. GmFBX322 was constructed on the vector pTF101:35S, and integrated into the genome of Shennong 9 soybean variety by Agrobacterium EHA101-mediated cotyledonary node transformation technology, and 4 overexpressed transgenic lines were obtained, molecular assays were performed on the transformed plants. The expression of GmFBX322 was detected by qRT-PCR and it was found that the leaves of the 4 transgenic lines increased by 2.49, 2.46, 2.77, 2.95 times compared with the wild type; after salt treatment for 12 hours, it was found that the expression of wild type Shennong 9 Inducible expression of GmFBX322. After 72 hours of salt treatment, the leaves of wild-type Shennong 9 soybean plants showed obvious wilting and chlorosis, while the leaves of GmFBX322 plants overexpressing GmFBX322 showed no obvious changes. The leaves were taken at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours of salt stress to determine the antioxidant activity. Ability and osmotic adjustment level, etc. The results showed that the catalase activity in the leaves of the transgenic lines 2265, 2267, 2269, and 2271 was 2.47, 2.53, 3.59, 2.96 times that of the wild-type plant after 48 hours of salt treatment; the soluble sugar content was 1.22, 1.14, and 1.22 of the wild-type plant. 1.14, 1.57 times; the proline content is 2.20, 1.83, 1.65, 1.84 times of the wild type. After comparing the physiological indicators determined by the experiment, the transgenic lines performed better than the control group, indicating that overexpression of GmFBX322 can enhance the salt tolerance of soybean plants. To verify the function of GmFBX322 gene related to stress resistance, add it to the candidate gene of stress resistance, and provide scientific basis for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant varieties.

Controlled growth of asymmetric chiral TeOx for broad-spectrum, high-responsivity and polarization-sensitive photodetection.

Low-dimensional nanostructures, especially one-dimensional materials, exhibit remarkable anisotropic characteristics due to their low symmetry, making them promising candidates for polarization-sensitive photodetection. Here, we present a chemical vapor deposition synthesis method for tellurium suboxide (TeOx), confirming the practicality of photodetectors constructed from TeOx nanowires (NWs) in high-responsivity, broadband, and polarization-sensitive detection. By precisely controlling the thermodynamics and kinetics of TeOx NWs growth, we achieve large-scale growth of TeOx NWs with highly controllable dimensions and propose a method to induce intrinsic built-in strain in TeOx NWs. Photodetectors based on quasi-one-dimensional TeOx NWs with ohmic contact demonstrate broadband spectral response (638-1550 nm), high responsivity (13 700 mA·W-1), and superior air stability. Particularly, owing to the inherent structural anisotropy of the photodetectors, they exhibit polarization-sensitive photodetection, with anisotropy ratios of 1.70 and 1.71 at 638 and 808 nm, respectively.

Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Dynamic Task Offloading in a Device-to-Device Mobile-Edge Computing Network to Minimize Average Task Delay with Deadline Constraints.

Device-to-device (D2D) is a pivotal technology in the next generation of communication, allowing for direct task offloading between mobile devices (MDs) to improve the efficient utilization of idle resources. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for dynamic task offloading between the active MDs and the idle MDs in a D2D-MEC (mobile edge computing) system by deploying multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to minimize the long-term average delay of delay-sensitive tasks under deadline constraints. Our core innovation is a dynamic partitioning scheme for idle and active devices in the D2D-MEC system, accounting for stochastic task arrivals and multi-time-slot task execution, which has been insufficiently explored in the existing literature. We adopt a queue-based system to formulate a dynamic task offloading optimization problem. To address the challenges of large action space and the coupling of actions across time slots, we model the problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) and perform multi-agent DRL through multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO). We employ a centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) framework to enable each MD to make offloading decisions solely based on its local system state. Extensive simulations demonstrate the efficiency and fast convergence of our algorithm. In comparison to the existing sub-optimal results deploying single-agent DRL, our algorithm reduces the average task completion delay by 11.0% and the ratio of dropped tasks by 17.0%. Our proposed algorithm is particularly pertinent to sensor networks, where mobile devices equipped with sensors generate a substantial volume of data that requires timely processing to ensure quality of experience (QoE) and meet the service-level agreements (SLAs) of delay-sensitive applications.

Infection and Genomic Characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni from a Patient Without Diarrhea - China, 2018.

What is already known about this topic?: A 20-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a maximum temperature of 40 °C and a single convulsion. Unexpectedly, blood culture detected Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) using the VITEK 2 Compact System. What is added by this report?: After incubation of the patient's blood for 48 hours, the cultured strain was identified as Campylobacter jejuni, named L8, excluding F. tularensis. In the genome sequence of L8, we found a novel Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), of which the conserved C-terminal VgrG domain from positions 561 to 884 showed significant changes. What are the implications for public health practice?: It should be underscored that relying solely on automatic bacterial identification instruments for accurate strain identification is unreliable. Moreover, our study suggests that the potential effect of T6SS should be considered when studying the genetic features of a patient's clinical phenotypes.

Exploration of the complex origins of primary constipation.

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty in passing stools. It can significantly affect an individual's quality of life and overall well-being. Understanding the causes of constipation is important for its effective management and treatment. In this paper, we have reviewed the primary causes of constipation or functional constipation. Primary constipation is a bowel disorder associated with colonic or anorectal sensorimotor or neuromuscular dysfunction. As per the literature, it is multifactorial and involves factors such as decreased interstitial cells of Cajal, altered colonic motility, enteric nervous system dysfunction, intestinal flora disturbances, and psychological influences. Clinical symptoms include difficulty in defecation, decreased frequency of defecation, or a feeling of incomplete evacuation. A comprehensive evaluation and management of constipation require an interdisciplinary approach incorporating dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and psychological interventions. Further research is imperative to explain the intricate mechanisms underlying constipation and develop targeted therapies for improved patient outcomes.

Association between vascular aging and cognitive function in Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: Vascular health has been associated with cognition but related evidence is limited in Chinese. The objective of this study was to examine the association of vascular aging assessed by arterial stiffness and blood pressure with cognitive function in an unselected Chinese population. METHODS: In the Tianning Cohort (N = 5158), indicators of arterial stiffness and blood pressure including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), pulse pressure (PP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. We applied Poisson regression and logistic regression to examine the associations of vascular aging and blood pressure with cognitive function. RESULTS: 76 (1.47%) participants had impaired cognitive function diagnosed by a MMSE score of less than 24 points. Participants with a higher level of PP were more likely to have a decreased score of MMSE (ß=-0.0121, P < 0.001 for log-transformed pulse pressure) and a higher risk of having impaired cognitive function (OR = 5.95, 95%CI: 2.02-17.79, P < 0.001 for log-transformed PP). Per standard deviation increment in SBP was significantly associated with lower MMSE score (ß=-0.0020, P < 0.001) and impaired cognitive function (OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.38-2.06, P < 0.001). No significant associations were found regarding other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure and hypertension were associated with cognitive function in Chinese adults. PP may be a potential predictor for impaired cognitive function.

Two-Tier Efficient QoE Optimization for Partitioning and Resource Allocation in UAV-Assisted MEC.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have increasingly become integral to multi-access edge computing (MEC) due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness, especially in the B5G and 6G eras. This paper aims to enhance the quality of experience (QoE) in large-scale UAV-MEC networks by minimizing the shrinkage ratio through optimal decision-making in computation mode selection for each user device (UD), UAV flight trajectory, bandwidth allocation, and computing resource allocation at edge servers. However, the interdependencies among UAV trajectory, binary task offloading mode, and computing/network resource allocation across numerous IoT nodes pose significant challenges. To address these challenges, we formulate the shrinkage ratio minimization problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem and propose a two-tier optimization strategy. To reduce the scale of the optimization problem, we first design a low-complexity UAV partition coverage algorithm based on the Welzl method and determine the UAV flight trajectory by solving a traveling salesman problem (TSP). Subsequently, we develop a coordinate descent (CD)-based method and an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based method for network bandwidth and computing resource allocation in the MEC system. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the CD-based method is simple to implement and highly efficient in large-scale UAV-MEC networks, reducing the time complexity by three orders of magnitude compared to convex optimization methods. Meanwhile, the ADMM-based joint optimization method achieves approximately an 8% reduction in shrinkage ratio optimization compared to baseline methods.

Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia found in a patient with eosinophilia for six years: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is a highly aggressive type of blood cancer that falls under the category of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN). In the fifth edition of the WHO classification of tumors, this category has been renamed MDS/MPN with neutrophilia. Although eosinophilia is commonly observed in blood cancers, it is rarely seen in aCML. CASE PRESENTATION: This study presents a case of aCML that was diagnosed six years after the patient developed eosinophilia. The patient had undergone tests to rule out other primary and secondary diseases, but the eosinophilia remained unexplained. Treatment with corticosteroids and hydroxyurea had proven ineffective. Six years later, the patient experienced an increase in white blood cells, primarily neutrophils. After ruling out other possible diagnoses, a combination of morphologic and molecular genetic findings led to the diagnosis of aCML. The patient responded well to treatment with azacitidine. CONCLUSIONS: This study summarizes the current state of aCML diagnosis and management and discusses the possible connection between eosinophilia and aCML.

Histamine deficiency exacerbates cisplatin-induced ferroptosis in cochlea hair cells of HDC knockout mice.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is extensively utilized in the management of diverse types of cancers, but its ototoxicity cannot be ignored, and clinical interventions are not ideal. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is the exclusive enzyme for histamine synthesis. Anti-histamine receptor drugs are ubiquitously employed in the therapeutics of allergies and gastrointestinal diseases. Yet, the specific role of histamine and its signaling in the inner ear is not fully understood. This study utilized cisplatin treated mice and HEI-OC1 auditory hair cell line to establish a cisplatin-induced ototoxicity (CIO) model. Histidine decarboxylase knockout (HDC-/-) mice and histamine receptor 1 (H1R) antagonist were utilized to investigate the influence of HDC/histamine/H1R signaling on ototoxicity. The results identified HDC and H1R expression in mouse hair cells. Transcriptomics indicated that the expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes in the cochlea of HDC-/- mice increased. Furthermore, histamine deficiency or suppression of H1R signaling accelerated HC ferroptosis, a pivotal factor underlying the aggravation of CIO in vivo and in vitro, conversely, the supplementation of exogenous histamine reversed these deleterious effects. Mechanistically, this study revealed that the malfunction of HDC/histamine/H1R signaling induced upregulation of NRF2 expression, accompanied by the upregulation of ACSL4 and downregulation of GPX4 expression, which are major regulatory factors of ferroptosis. In summary, histamine deficiency may induce hair cell death by regulating the H1R pathway and exacerbate CIO. Our findings have indicated a potential therapeutic target for CIO.

Long-term climate warming and extreme cold events driving ecological shifts in a deep oligo-mesotrophic lake.

Deep lakes are critical for freshwater storage, yet they are struggling against major ecological issues from climate change and nutrient pollution. A comprehensive understanding of internal feedback mechanisms is crucial for regulating nutrients in these lakes. A five-year study was conducted on the diatom community and environment in Lake Fuxian, China's largest deep freshwater lake, which is becoming eutrophic. The results indicate a shift in the diatom community from a stable state dominated by a single species to a rapid seasonal fluctuation, and there is a significant increase in diatom biomass. Specifically, stable stratification and low nutrient concentrations are limiting the growth of diatom biomass and maintaining the dominance of Cyclotella. Nutrients in the hypolimnion were replenished in the epilimnion during the extreme cold of winter, triggering a shift in the diatom community. This shift may imply that future climate change will exacerbate the positive feedback of hypoxia-nutrient release of algal blooms, potentially triggering a regime shift in the ecosystem of the entire lake. This study underscores the fact that climate change alters the internal feedback mechanisms of deep lakes, reducing ecosystem stability, and provides a scientific basis for further clarification of protection measures for deep lakes.

Efficiency of computerized adaptive testing with a cognitively designed item bank.

An item bank is key to applying computerized adaptive testing (CAT). The traditional approach to developing an item bank requires content experts to design each item individually, which is a time-consuming and costly process. The cognitive design system (CDS) approach offers a solution by automating item generation. However, the CDS approach has a specific way of calibrating or predicting item difficulty that affects the measurement efficiency of CAT. A simulation study was conducted to compare the efficiency of CAT using both calibration and prediction models. The results show that, although the predictive model (linear logistic trait model; LLTM) shows a higher root mean square error (RMSE) than the baseline model (Rasch), it requires only a few additional items to achieve comparable RMSE. Importantly, the number of additional items needed decreases as the explanatory rate of the model increases. These results indicate that the slight reduction in measurement efficiency due to prediction item difficulty is acceptable. Moreover, the use of prediction item difficulty can significantly reduce or even eliminate the need for item pretesting, thereby reducing the costs associated with item calibration.

Self-Rolled-Up WSe2 One-Dimensional/Two-Dimensional Homojunctions: Enabling High-Performance Self-Powered Polarization-Sensitive Photodetectors.

Mixed-dimensional heterostructures integrate materials of diverse dimensions with unique electronic functionalities, providing a new platform for research in electron transport and optoelectronic detection. Here, we report a novel covalently bonded one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) homojunction structure with robust junction contacts, which exhibits wide-spectrum (from the visible to near-infrared regions), self-driven photodetection, and polarization-sensitive photodetection capabilities. Benefiting from the ultralow dark current at zero bias voltage, the on/off ratio and detectivity of the device reach 1.5 × 103 and 3.24 × 109 Jones, respectively. Furthermore, the pronounced anisotropy of the WSe2 1D/2D homojunction is attributed to its low symmetry, enabling polarization-sensitive detection. In the absence of any external bias voltage, the device exhibits strong linear dichroism for wavelengths of 638 and 808 nm, with anisotropy ratios of 2.06 and 1.96, respectively. These results indicate that such mixed-dimensional structures can serve as attractive building blocks for novel optoelectronic detectors.

Blocking H1R signal aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting inflammation and foam cell formation.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease, in which abnormal lipid metabolism and foam cell formation play key roles. Histamine is a vital biogenic amine catalyzed by histidine decarboxylase (HDC) from L-histidine. Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonist is a commonly encountered anti-allergic agent in the clinic. However, the role and mechanism of H1R in atherosclerosis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we explored the effect of H1R on atherosclerosis using Apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice with astemizole (AST, a long-acting H1R antagonist) treatment. The results showed that AST increased atherosclerotic plaque area and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. The result of microarray study identified a significant change of endothelial lipase (LIPG) in CD11b+ myeloid cells derived from HDC-knockout (HDC-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Blocking H1R promoted the formation of foam cells from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) of mice by up-regulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and LIPG signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that blocking H1R signal aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting abnormal lipid metabolism and macrophage-derived foam cell formation via p38 MAPK-LIPG signaling pathway. KEY MESSAGES: Blocking H1R signal with AST aggravated atherosclerosis and increased hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice. Blocking H1R signal promoted macrophage-derived foam cell formation via p38 MAPK-LIPG signaling pathway.

Oxidative stress is two-sided in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress caused by elevated ROS, as a novel therapeutic mechanism, has been implicated in various tumors including AML. AML cells are chronically under oxidative stress, yet overreliance on ROS production makes tumor cells increasingly vulnerable to further damage. Reducing the cytotoxic effect of ROS on normal cells while killing leukemia stem cell (LSC) with high levels of reactive oxygen species is a new challenge for oxidative stress therapy in leukemia. METHODS: By searching literature databases, we summarized recent relevant studies. The relationship of ROS on AML genes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors, and the correlation of ROS with AML bone marrow microenvironment and autophagy were summarized. In addition, we summarize the current status of research on ROS and AML therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the research progress on redox resistance in AML. RESULTS: This review discusses the evidence showing the link between redox reactions and the progression of AML and compiles the latest research findings that will facilitate future biological studies of redox effects associated with AML treatment. CONCLUSION: We believe that exploiting this unique oxidative stress property of AML cells may provide a new way to prevent relapse and drug resistance.

Highly Robust Room-Temperature Interfacial Ferromagnetism in Ultrathin Co2Si Nanoplates.

The reduced dimensionality and interfacial effects in magnetic nanostructures open the feasibility to tailor magnetic ordering. Here, we report the synthesis of ultrathin metallic Co2Si nanoplates with a total thickness that is tunable to 2.2 nm. The interfacial magnetism coupled with the highly anisotropic nanoplate geometry leads to strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and robust hard ferromagnetism at room temperature, with a Curie temperature (TC) exceeding 950 K and a coercive field (HC) > 4.0 T at 3 K and 8750 Oe at 300 K. Theoretical calculations suggest that ferromagnetism originates from symmetry breaking and undercoordinated Co atoms at the Co2Si and SiO2 interface. With protection by the self-limiting intrinsic oxide, the interfacial ferromagnetism of the Co2Si nanoplates exhibits excellent environmental stability. The controllable growth of ambient stable Co2Si nanoplates as 2D hard ferromagnets could open exciting opportunities for fundamental studies and applications in Si-based spintronic devices.

Novel biomarkers related to oxidative stress and immunity in chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing in recent years, gradually becoming a global health crisis. Due to limited treatment options, novel molecular pathways are urgently required to advance the treatment and diagnosis of CKD. Materials and methods: The characteristics of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CKD patients were analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and genes related to oxidative stress were retrieved from the Genecard database. Subsequently, a comprehensive approach was applied, including immune infiltration analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, to identify hub genes among differentially expressed immune-related oxidative stress genes (DEIOSGs). Validation of hub genes was performed using an external data set, and diagnostic potential capability was evaluated through receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. In animal experiments, the expression of hub genes in CKD was confirmed by inducing a CKD model through a 5/6 nephrectomy procedure. Finally, the relationship between these hub genes and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Nephroseq v5 database. Results: 29 DEIOSGs were identified by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. PPI analysis screened the hub genes NCF2, S100A9, and SELL. ROC analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic efficacy. Further validation from other databases and animal experiments confirmed a substantial upregulation in the expression of hub genes in CKD. Additionally, clinical correlation analysis established a clear link between hub gene expression and renal function deterioration. Conclusions: Our study confirms NCF2, S100A9, and SELL as diagnostic biomarkers associated with immune response and oxidative stress in CKD, suggesting their potential as novel targets for CKD diagnosis and treatment.