Characterizing an Uncertainty Diagram and Kirkwood-Dirac Nonclassicality Based on Discrete Fourier Transform.

In this paper, we investigate an uncertainty diagram and Kirkwood-Dirac (KD) nonclassicality based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in a d-dimensional system. We first consider the uncertainty diagram of the DFT matrix, which is a transition matrix from basis A to basis B. Here, the bases A, B are not necessarily completely incompatible. We show that for the uncertainty diagram of the DFT matrix, there is no "hole" in the region of the (nA,nB) plane above and on the line nA+nB=d+1. Then, we present where the holes are in the region strictly below the line and above the hyperbola nAnB=d. Finally, we provide an alternative proof of the conjecture about KD nonclassicality based on DFT.

Imminent threat of rock-ice avalanches in High Mountain Asia.

Upsurge of glacier-related hazards in High Mountain Asia (HMA) has been evident in recent years due to global warming. While many glacial-related hazards are instantaneous, some large landslides were preceded by slow gravitational deformation, which can be predicted to evade catastrophes. Here, we present robust evidence of historical deformation in 2021 Chamoli rock-ice avalanche of Himalaya using space imaging techniques. Multi-temporal satellite data provide evidence of a precursor event in 2016 and expansion of a linear fracture along joint planes, indicating 2021 rock-ice avalanche is a retrogressive wedge failure. The deformation history shows that the fracture propagated at a velocity of ~0.07 m day-1 until September 2020, and with an accelerated velocity (~0.14 m day-1 on average) lately. Analysis of recent similar cases in HMA supported our inference on global warming-induced glacier retreat and thermomechanical effects in enhancing the weakening of fractured rock masses in tectonically active mountain belts. Recent advances in Earth observation and seismic monitoring system can offer clues to the location and timing of impending catastrophic failures in high mountain regions.

Synthesis of C8-Aminated Pyrrolo-Phenanthridines or -Indoles via Series C(sp2 or sp3)-H Activation and Fluorescence Study.

This report developed a method for the synthesis of C8-aminated pyrrolo-phenanthridines or -indoles by series ortho C(sp2)-H amination/ipso C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H arylation. N-benzoyloxyamines, as electrophilic amination reagents, did not undergo an electrophilic substitution reaction with the pyrrole side, but they did undergo a site-selective C-H amination reaction with the benzene side via Pd/NBE catalysis. The C8-aminated pyrrolo-phenanthridines have strong fluorescence in solution and solid state. X-ray single crystal diffraction shows that the steric hindrance of amino and ortho benzene ring may inhibit aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ).

Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Tricyclic Indoles via a N-S Bond Cleavage Strategy.

In palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) chemistry, the "ortho effect" has been proven to be a key factor in the process of ß-carbon elimination to extrude NBE. Herein, we found that the o-iodoaniline protected by a p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl group can recover the "ortho effect" and then undergo N-S bond cleavage with vinyl palladium, thus achieving a highly selective C-N coupling reaction in the Catallani-Lautens reaction system. On the basis of this discovery, a one-step synthesis of highly functionalized tricyclic indole derivatives was realized.

Synthesis of C4-Substituted Indoles via a Catellani and C-N Bond Activation Strategy.

This paper describes the case of a cross study between the C-N bond cleavage reaction field and the Catellani-Lautens reaction system. A series of highly functionalized C4-substituted indoles were synthesized using this strategy. By screening the alkyl groups of amines, the energy barrier of C-N bond cleavage reaction was reduced and the corresponding allenization products were avoided. Finally, the density functional theory calculation shows that the inert C-N bond activation reaction is not a concerted process; on the contrary, the coupling reaction first generates indole quaternary ammonium salt, and then C-N bond cleavage occurs via an SN2 process.

Intestinal atresia following chemotherapy, presenting as superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case report.

Multi-agent chemotherapy is recognized as the most common and effective treatment for Burkitt lymphoma, and intestinal mucosal injury is a common gastrointestinal complication following intensive chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to describe a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with intestinal obstruction after chemotherapy in a young adult. The patient presented with aggravated vomiting during the second session of chemotherapy, which was initially attributed to superior mesenteric artery syndrome. However, following surgical intervention, the symptom was proven to be due to extreme intestinal stenosis in the ascending part of the duodenum. The patient underwent duodenojejunectomy and end-to-side anastomosis, and he recovered well from the operation. Although intestinal perforation and hemorrhage induced by chemotherapy have been previously reported sporadically, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of distal duodenal obstruction due to intestinal atresia induced by polychemotherapy for lymphoma. We herein analyze the possible underlying reasons for the intestinal atresia and review the clinical and pathological characteristics of previously published relevant studies. The present findings may be helpful for increasing clinical awareness of this type of complication, as well as improving the management of patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.

Locally indistinguishable orthogonal product bases in arbitrary bipartite quantum system.

As we know, unextendible product basis (UPB) is an incomplete basis whose members cannot be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communication. However, very little is known about those incomplete and locally indistinguishable product bases that are not UPBs. In this paper, we first construct a series of orthogonal product bases that are completable but not locally distinguishable in a general m ⊗ n (m ≥ 3 and n ≥ 3) quantum system. In particular, we give so far the smallest number of locally indistinguishable states of a completable orthogonal product basis in arbitrary quantum systems. Furthermore, we construct a series of small and locally indistinguishable orthogonal product bases in m ⊗ n (m ≥ 3 and n ≥ 3). All the results lead to a better understanding of the structures of locally indistinguishable product bases in arbitrary bipartite quantum system.

Minimal number of runs and the sequential scheme for local discrimination between special unitary operations.

It has been shown that any two different multipartite unitary operations are perfectly distinguishable by local operations and classical communication with a finite number of runs. Meanwhile, two open questions were left. One is how to determine the minimal number of runs needed for the local discrimination, and the other is whether a perfect local discrimination can be achieved by merely a sequential scheme. In this paper, we answer the two questions for some unitary operations U1 and U2 with locally unitary equivalent to a diagonal unitary matrix in a product basis. Specifically, we give the minimal number of runs needed for the local discrimination, which is the same with that needed for the global discrimination. In this sense, the local operation works the same with the global one. Moreover, when adding the local property to U1 or U2, we present that the perfect local discrimination can be also realized by merely a sequential scheme with the minimal number of runs. Both results contribute to saving the resources used for the discrimination.

Anomalous Cerebellar Anatomy in Chinese Children with Dyslexia.

The cerebellar deficit hypothesis for developmental dyslexia claims that cerebellar dysfunction causes the failures in the acquisition of visuomotor skills and automatic reading and writing skills. In people with dyslexia in the alphabetic languages, the abnormal activation and structure of the right or bilateral cerebellar lobes have been identified. Using a typical implicit motor learning task, however, one neuroimaging study demonstrated the left cerebellar dysfunction in Chinese children with dyslexia. In the present study, using voxel-based morphometry, we found decreased gray matter volume in the left cerebellum in Chinese children with dyslexia relative to age-matched controls. The positive correlation between reading performance and regional gray matter volume suggests that the abnormal structure in the left cerebellum is responsible for reading disability in Chinese children with dyslexia.

Quantum secret sharing via local operations and classical communication.

We investigate the distinguishability of orthogonal multipartite entangled states in d-qudit system by restricted local operations and classical communication. According to these properties, we propose a standard (2, n)-threshold quantum secret sharing scheme (called LOCC-QSS scheme), which solves the open question in [Rahaman et al., Phys. Rev. A, 91, 022330 (2015)]. On the other hand, we find that all the existing (k, n)-threshold LOCC-QSS schemes are imperfect (or "ramp"), i.e., unauthorized groups can obtain some information about the shared secret. Furthermore, we present a (3, 4)-threshold LOCC-QSS scheme which is close to perfect.

Characterizing unextendible product bases in qutrit-ququad system.

Unextendible product bases (UPBs) play an important role in quantum information theory. However, very little is known about UPBs in Hilbert space of local dimension more than three. In this paper, we study the UPBs in qutrit-ququad system and find that there only exist six, seven and eight-state UPBs. We completely characterize the six-state and seven-state UPBs. For eight-state UPBs, seven classes of UPBs are found. As auxiliary results, we study the distinguishability of qutrit-ququad UPBs by separable measurements, and find that there exists a UPB that cannot be distinguished.

Outcome of patients with bulky IB (≥ 6 cm) cervical squamous cell carcinoma with and without cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the surgical morbidity and outcomes of patients with markedly bulky cervical squamous cell carcinoma (≥ 6 cm Cx-SCC) who underwent radical hysterectomy (RH) with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IB markedly bulky Cx-SCC who were treated with either three courses of weekly single agent cisplatin NACT (50 mg/m2) and subsequent radical hysterectomy (NACT-RH) or direct radical hysterectomy (RH) between 1996 and 2001. A total of 60 patients fulfilled the criteria, including 35 and 25 patients with NsACT-RH and RH, respectively. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in basic characteristics between the two groups, except the smaller pathological tumor size, less blood loss, and lower immediate complication rate in the NACT-RH group. Median survival was 143.8 months in the NACT-RH group and 129.8 months in the RH group, respectively, without a statistically significant difference. Multivariate analysis showed that large pathological tumor size [hazard ratio (HR) 10.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.93-38.80], the presence of para-aortic lymph node metastases and an immediate complication (HR 8.33 and 4.55, 95% CI 1.66-41.75 and 1.35-15.27, respectively) contributed to a worse outcome. CONCLUSION: Weekly single agent cisplatin NACT indeed reduced the pathological tumor size and immediate complication rate during the RH, supporting the feasibility of subsequent RH in the management of patients with bulky Cx-SCC.

[Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid promotes colon carcinogenesis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid promotes colon carcinogenesis through downregulation of P53-dependent growth inhibition. METHODS: Colon carcinogenesis was induced by injection of azoxymethane (AOM) intraperitoneally. Experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups, receiving regular diet and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline(control group), high ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline(Corn oil group), regular diet with intraperitoneal injection of AOM(AOM group), or high ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet with intraperitoneal injection of AOM (Corn oil+AOM group). Aberrant crypt focis (ACFs) were observed after methylene blue staining and enumerated. Colonic mucosa PCNA and P53 expressions were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and location of P53 in the colon crypt focis was determined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Amounts of ACFs was 1.2±0.3 in the control group, 1.3±0.4 in the Corn oil group, 41.0±4.8 in the AOM group, and 73.3±9.9 in the Corn oil+AOM group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The expression of P53 in normal crypt focis was higher than that in ACFs. High ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary significantly promoted AOM-induced colon PCNA expression, and enhanced AOM-mediated P53 inhibition in colon mucosa. CONCLUSION: High ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet can enhance AOM-induced inhibition of P53 in colon mucosa, resulting in overexpression of PCNA, formation of ACF, and carcinogenesis in the colon.