Metabolic perturbation and oxidative damage induced by tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) on Escherichia coli through integrative analyses of metabolome.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are one of the emerging environmental threats, causing the hazard to ecosystem safety and human health. Yet, the toxic effects and metabolic response mechanism after Escherichia coli (E.coli) exposed to TDCIPP and TEHP is inconclusive. Herein, the levels of SOD and CAT were elevated in a concentration-dependent manner, accompanied with the increase of MDA contents, signifying the activation of antioxidant response and occurrence of lipid peroxidation. Oxidative damage mediated by excessive accumulation of ROS decreased membrane potential and inhibited membrane protein synthesis, causing membrane protein dysfunction. Integrative analyses of GC-MS and LC-MS based metabolomics evinced that significant perturbation to the carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, lipids metabolism, amino acid metabolism, organic acids metabolism were induced following exposure to TDCIPP and TEHP in E.coli, resulting in metabolic reprogramming. Additionally, metabolites including PE(16:1(5Z)/15:0), PA(17:0/15:1(9Z)), PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/12:0), LysoPC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/0:0) were significantly upregulated, manifesting that cell membrane protective molecule was afforded by these differential metabolites to improve permeability and fluidity. Overall, current findings generate new insights into the molecular toxicity mechanism by which E.coli respond to TDCIPP and TEHP stress and supply valuable information for potential ecological risks of OPEs on aquatic ecosystems.

A multiattribute group decision-making method based on a new aggregation operator and the means and variances of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy values.

The development of information measures associated with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy values (IVIFVs) has been an important research area over the past few decades. In the literature, the existing decision -making method using IVIFVs has some drawbacks, and the identification degree and information utilization suffer from a gap in the evaluation of alternatives. Therefore, the need for a reliable, useful, and comprehensive decision method is obvious. To obtain more accurate and reliable evaluation results, multiattribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems, where the same attribute weights given by different decision-makers are different, are studied in this paper. First, the novel operational laws of IVIFVs and a new interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy weighted arithmetic aggregation operator are defined to overcome the drawbacks of the IIFWA aggregation operator and avoid losing or distorting the original decision information in the process of aggregation. Second, the mean and variance of the possibility degrees of IVIFVs are defined based on the concept of a definite integral. Third, a novel MAGDM method based on the new aggregation operator and the mean and variance of the possibility degrees of IVIFVs is proposed to improve the identification of the evaluation results and ensure the effectiveness of the ranking order. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method are verified by an air combat training accuracy assessment example. This example can be used to assist decision-makers in evaluating air combat training hits in a timely and efficient manner, providing an objective, scientific basis for the realization and application of air combat training hit assessment and a new method and idea for MAGDM problems in an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment.