Hepatic amyloidosis in a patient with chronic liver failure: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Amyloidosis is a rare disorder that can be classified into various types, and the most common type is the systemic light chain type. The prognosis of this disease is extremely poor. In general, amyloidosis mainly affects the kidneys and heart and manifests as abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells. Cases in which the liver is the primary organ affected by amyloidosis, as in this report, are less common in clinical practice. CASE SUMMARY: A 62-year-old man was admitted with persistent liver dysfunction of unknown cause and poor treatment outcomes. His condition persisted, and he developed chronic liver failure, with severe cholestasis in the later stage that was gradually accompanied by renal injury. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with hepatic amyloidosis through liver biopsy and pathological examination. CONCLUSION: Hepatic amyloidosis rarely occurs in the clinic, and liver biopsy and pathological examination can assist in the accurate and effective diagnosis of this condition.

A network of acetyl phosphate-dependent modification modulates c-di-AMP homeostasis in Actinobacteria.

Cyclic purine nucleotides are important signal transduction molecules across all domains of life. 3',5'-cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, while the signals that adjust intracellular c-di-AMP and the molecular machinery enabling a network-wide homeostatic response remain largely unknown. Here, we present evidence for an acetyl phosphate (AcP)-governed network responsible for c-di-AMP homeostasis through two distinct substrates, the diadenylate cyclase DNA integrity scanning protein (DisA) and its newly identified transcriptional repressor, DasR. Correspondingly, we found that AcP-induced acetylation exerts these regulatory actions by disrupting protein multimerization, thus impairing c-di-AMP synthesis via K66 acetylation of DisA. Conversely, the transcriptional inhibition of disA was relieved during DasR acetylation at K78. These findings establish a pivotal physiological role for AcP as a mediator to balance c-di-AMP homeostasis. Further studies revealed that acetylated DisA and DasR undergo conformational changes that play crucial roles in differentiation. Considering the broad distribution of AcP-induced acetylation in response to environmental stress, as well as the high conservation of the identified key sites, we propose that this unique regulation of c-di-AMP homeostasis may constitute a fundamental property of central circuits in Actinobacteria and thus the global control of cellular physiology.IMPORTANCESince the identification of c-di-AMP is required for bacterial growth and cellular physiology, a major challenge is the cell signals and stimuli that feed into the decision-making process of c-di-AMP concentration and how that information is integrated into the regulatory pathways. Using the bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea as a model, we established that AcP-dependent acetylation of the diadenylate cyclase DisA and its newly identified transcriptional repressor DasR is involved in coordinating environmental and intracellular signals, which are crucial for c-di-AMP homeostasis. Specifically, DisA acetylated at K66 directly inactivates its diadenylate cyclase activity, hence the production of c-di-AMP, whereas DasR acetylation at K78 leads to increased disA expression and c-di-AMP levels. Thus, AcP represents an essential molecular switch in c-di-AMP maintenance, responding to environmental changes and possibly hampering efficient development. Therefore, AcP-mediated posttranslational processes constitute a network beyond the usual and well-characterized synthetase/hydrolase governing c-di-AMP homeostasis.

Comparison of gut microbiota immunity and pathology in specific-pathogen-free chickens with glandular and muscular gastritis using different methods.

The objective of this study is to review different methods to screen for the optimal model for preventing and treating chicken glandular and muscular gastritis syndrome. Twenty-four 40-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were randomly allocated into four groups (N = 6): polyethylene glycol + ammonium chloride group (M1 group), acetic acid + rhubarb group (M2 group), polyethylene glycol + rhubarb group (M3 group), and control group. The control group had free access to water, while the remaining groups received different doses of molding reagents added to their drinking water. The animal models were assessed based on clinical manifestations, histopathology findings, serological analysis, and composition of intestinal microbiota to establish an optimal approach for constructing an avian model of glandular and muscular gastritis. The SPF chickens in each model group exhibited typical symptoms of glandular and muscular gastritis, poor spirit, yellow loose stools with undigested feed, and enlargement and ulceration of the glandular and muscular stomach. Among these groups, the M3 group had the highest incidence rate of 100%. Compared to the control group, the body weight and body temperature of the chicken in the three model groups were reduced, and the glandular and muscular stomachs and duodenum showed different degrees of bleeding, mucosal abscission, and other pathological injuries. Additionally, the levels of serum IL-2 and α-amylase activity decreased while the content of IL-4 increased. After conducting 16s rDNA sequencing, it was observed that the abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 was significantly increased in the model group compared to the control group. Conversely, there was a notable decrease in the levels of Megamonas and Lactobacillus, which are speculated to be associated with arachidonic acid metabolism, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathways. The combination of polyethylene glycol and rhubarb emerged as the most effective method for establishing the glandular and muscular gastritis model in SPF chickens. This constructed chicken model displayed distinct signs of damage to the glandular and muscular stomach, inflammatory response, and disturbance in the intestinal flora, thereby providing a foundation for future research on the prevention and treatment of this syndrome.

Epidemiologic features and therapeutic strategies of kerion: A nationwide multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiologic features and efficacy of different treatment schemes from real-world experience. METHODS: From 2019 to 2021, 316 patients diagnosed with kerion at 32 tertiary Chinese hospitals were enrolled. We analysed the data of each patient, including clinical characteristics, causative pathogens, treatments and outcomes. RESULTS: Preschool children were predominantly affected and were more likely to have zoophilic infection. The most common pathogen in China was Microsporum canis. Atopic dermatitis (AD), animal contact, endothrix infection and geophilic pathogens were linked with kerion occurrence. In terms of treatment, itraconazole was the most applied antifungal agent and reduced the time to mycological cure. A total of 22.5% of patients received systemic glucocorticoids simultaneously, which reduced the time to complete symptom relief. Furthermore, glucocorticoids combined with itraconazole had better treatment efficacy, with a higher rate and shorter time to achieving mycological cure. CONCLUSIONS: Kerion often affects preschoolers and leads to serious sequelae, with AD, animal contact, and endothrix infection as potential risk factors. Glucocorticoids, especially those combined with itraconazole, had better treatment efficacy.

The oncogenic role and regulatory mechanism of ACAA2 in human ovarian cancer.

Acetyl-CoAacyltransferase2 (ACAA2) is a key enzyme in the fatty acid oxidation pathway that catalyzes the final step of mitochondrial ß oxidation, which plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism. The expression of ACAA2 is closely related to the occurrence and malignant progression of tumors. However, the function of ACAA2 in ovarian cancer is unclear. The expression level and prognostic value of ACAA2 were analyzed by databases. Gain and loss of function were carried out to explore the function of ACAA2 in ovarian cancer. RNA-seq and bioinformatics methods were applied to illustrate the regulatory mechanism of ACAA2. ACAA2 overexpression promoted the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer, and ACAA2 knockdown inhibited the malignant progression of ovarian cancer as well as the ability of subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. At the same time, we found that OGT can induce glycosylation modification of ACAA2 and regulate the karyoplasmic distribution of ACAA2. OGT plays a vital role in ovarian cancer as a function of oncogenes. In addition, through RNA-seq sequencing, we found that ACAA2 regulates the expression of DIXDC1. ACAA2 regulated the malignant progression of ovarian cancer through the WNT/ß-Catenin signaling pathway probably. ACAA2 is an oncogene in ovarian cancer and has the potential to be a target for ovarian cancer therapy.

Effect of Pt on Stress Rupture Properties of Pt-Modified Nickel Aluminide Coatings at 1100 °C.

Platinum plays a crucial role in the superior high-temperature oxidation resistance of Pt-modified nickel aluminide (PtAl) coatings. However, PtAl coatings usually serve in thermo-mechanical coupling environments. To investigate whether Pt contributes to the high-temperature mechanical properties of PtAl coating, stress rupture tests under 1100 °C/100 MPa were performed on PtAl coatings with varying Pt contents. The different coatings were obtained by changing the thickness of the electroplated Pt layer, followed by a diffusion heat treatment and the aluminizing process in the present work. The results of the stress rupture tests indicated that an increasing Pt content resulted in a significant decrease in the stress rupture life of PtAl-coated superalloys under 1100 °C/100 MPa. Theoretical calculations and microstructural analysis suggested that an increased coating thickness due to the Pt content is not the main reason for this decline. It was found that the cracks generated close to the substrate in high-Pt-coated superalloys accelerated the fracture failure.

Interleukin inhibitors and the associated risk of candidiasis.

Interleukins (ILs) are vital in regulating the immune system, enabling to combat fungal diseases like candidiasis effectively. Their inhibition may cause enhanced susceptibility to infection. IL inhibitors have been employed to control autoimmune diseases and inhibitors of IL-17 and IL-23, for example, have been associated with an elevated risk of Candida infection. Thus, applying IL inhibitors might impact an individual's susceptibility to Candida infections. Variations in the severity of Candida infections have been observed between individuals with different IL inhibitors, necessitating careful consideration of their specific risk profiles. IL-1 inhibitors (anakinra, canakinumab, and rilonacept), IL-2 inhibitors (daclizumab, and basiliximab), and IL-4 inhibitors (dupilumab) have rarely been associated with Candida infection. In contrast, tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL-6, has demonstrated an elevated risk in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment, as evidenced by a 6.9% prevalence of candidemia among patients using the drug. Furthermore, the incidence of Candida infections appeared to be higher in patients exposed to IL-17 inhibitors than in those exposed to IL-23 inhibitors. Therefore, healthcare practitioners must maintain awareness of the risk of candidiasis associated with using of IL inhibitors before prescribing them. Future prospective studies need to exhaustively investigate candidiasis and its associated risk factors in patients receiving IL inhibitors. Implementing enduring surveillance methods is crucial to ensure IL inhibitors safe and efficient utilization of in clinical settings.

An Orthogonal CRISPR/dCas12a System for RNA Imaging in Live Cells.

CRISPR/Cas technology has made great progress in the field of live-cell imaging beyond genome editing. However, effective and easy-to-use CRISPR systems for labeling multiple RNAs of interest are still needed. Here, we engineered a CRISPR/dCas12a system that enables the specific recognition of the target RNA under the guidance of a PAM-presenting oligonucleotide (PAMmer) to mimic the PAM recognition mechanism for DNA substrates. We demonstrated the feasibility and specificity of this system for specifically visualizing endogenous mRNA. By leveraging dCas12a-mediated precursor CRISPR RNA (pre-crRNA) processing and the orthogonality of dCas12a from different bacteria, we further demonstrated the proposed system as a simple and versatile molecular toolkit for multiplexed imaging of different types of RNA transcripts in live cells with high specificity. This programmable dCas12a system not only broadens the RNA imaging toolbox but also facilitates diverse applications for RNA manipulation.

Risk of candidiasis associated with interleukin-17 inhibitors: Implications and management.

The application of interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors, including secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab, and bimekizumab, are associated with elevated risk of candidiasis. These medications interfere with the IL-17 pathway, which is essential for maintaining mucosal barriers and coordinating the immune response against Candida species. The observational data and clinical trials demonstrate the increased incidence of candidiasis in individuals treated with IL-17 inhibitors. Brodalumab and bimekizumab pose a greater risk than secukinumab in eliciting candidiasis, whereas the data regarding ixekizumab are equivocal. Higher doses and prolonged treatment duration of IL-17 inhibitors increase the risk of candidiasis by compromising the immune response against Candida species. Prior to prescribing IL-17 inhibitors, healthcare professionals should comprehensively evaluate patients' medical histories and assess their risk factors. Patients should be educated on the signs and symptoms of candidiasis to facilitate early detection and intervention. Future research should focus on identifying the risk factors associated with candidiasis in patients receiving IL-17 inhibitors. Prospective studies and long-term surveillance are required to explore the impact of specific inhibitors on the incidence and severity of candidiasis and to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapies, such as concurrent use of IL-17 inhibitors and prophylactic antifungal agents.

The effects of self-other overlap and group efficacy on group-based anger and collective action tendency: An online experimental study.

Collective emotions and actions represent foundational constructs in social psychology, significantly influencing societal dynamics and responses. Within this framework, the Self-Other Overlap (SOO) - wherein individuals perceive minimal distinction between their own and others' identities - has been identified as an impactful factor at the interpersonal level. However, the extrapolation of SOO's implications at the collective, group level remains an underexplored domain in contemporary research. In addressing this lacuna, the present research endeavors to elucidate the multifaceted implications of SOO on group emotions and actions, contextualized within societal challenges such as "food hygiene problems". Utilizing validated instruments including the Self-Other Overlap Scale, Group-Based Anger Scale, Collective Action Tendency Scale, and Group Efficacy Scale for Coping Situations, this study adopts a tripartite situational experiment, engaging a collective sample of 359 participants, systematically recruited via the Credamo smart research platform to ensure representativeness. Study 1 examined the potential influence of variable SOO degrees on Group-Based Anger (GA) and Collective Action Tendency (CAT). Study 2 further refined the exploration, discerning the differential impacts of SOO targets on GA and CAT. Conclusively, Study 3 sought to ascertain the potential moderating role of Group Efficacy (GE) within the SOO-GA-CAT relationship. The empirical findings yielded several salient insights: notably, an augmentation in SOO levels corresponded with an amplification of GA and CAT. Furthermore, a delineation in SOO targets, specifically from external to ingroup entities, manifested in a pronounced augmentation of GA and CAT. Intriguingly, while elevated SOO predisposed heightened CAT, the modulatory effect of GE on CAT manifested predominantly in lower SOO contexts. In summation, the present study underscores the pivotal role of SOO magnitude and orientation as determinants of GA and CAT. The nuanced interplay between SOO degree and GE, particularly vis-à-vis CAT, provides a fresh scholarly perspective, contributing to the enriched understanding of group dynamics and collective behavioral paradigms.

Tunable single frequency Hz-magnitude narrow linewidth Brillouin fiber laser based on parity-time symmetry.

An Hz-magnitude ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The single frequency of the laser is selected by parity-time (PT) symmetry, which consists of a stimulated Brillouin scatter (SBS) gain path excited by a 24 km single-mode fiber (SMF) and an approximately equal length loss path tuned with a variable optical attenuator (VOA). These paths are coupled through a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) into a wavelength space. Accomplishing single-frequency oscillation involves the precise adjustment of polarization control (PC) and VOA to attain the PT broken phase. In the experiment, the linewidth of the proposed BFL is 9.58 Hz. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) reached 78.89 dB, with wavelength and power fluctuations of less than 1pm and 0.02 dB within one hour. Furthermore, the wavelength can be tuned from 1549.9321 nm to 1550.2575 nm, with a linewidth fluctuation of 1.81 Hz. The relative intensity noise (RIN) is below -74 dB/Hz. The proposed ultra-narrow single-frequency BFL offers advantages such as cost-effectiveness, ease of control, high stability and excellent output characteristics, making it highly promising for the applications in the coherent detection.

High resolution and large measurement range voltage sensing based on an optoelectronic oscillator utilizing an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

A voltage sensor with high resolution and large measurement range based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The key component in the cavity to select the oscillating signal is a finite impulse response (FIR)-microwave photonic filter (MPF) which consists of a sinusoidal broadband optical signal, an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), a section of dispersion compensating fiber, and a photodetector. The center frequency of the FIR-MPF is mainly determined by the free spectral range (FSR) of the FIR-MPF. In the lower arm of the MZI, a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) wrapped with a section of optical fiber acts as voltage sensing head. Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect of PZT, the variation of the voltage will cause radial deformation of the cylindrical PZT and then lead to the change of the FSR of the MZI, determining the shift of center frequency of FIR-MPF as well as the frequency of the oscillating signal of the OEO. Thus, by monitoring the shift of the oscillation frequency of the OEO using an electric spectrum analyzer or a digital signal processor, a high-speed interrogation and high-resolution voltage measurement can be realized. Additionally, in the proposed scheme, an infinite impulse response (IIR)-MPF consisting of a fiber ring resonator is cascaded with the FIR-MPF to ensure the single-mode oscillation of the OEO. The experimental results show that a total range of 1700 V voltage sensing from - 200 V to 1500 V is accomplished with the voltage sensitivity of 0.25 GHz/100 V and the resolution of 0.3 V. By adjusting the proportion of the length of single mode fiber between two branches of MZI, the impact of temperature can be greatly reduced. The proposed sensor offers advantages such as a large measurement range, high resolution, high-speed interrogation, and stability to temperature disturbances, making it highly suitable for sensing applications in smart grids.

Emotional contagion in rodents: A comprehensive exploration of mechanisms and multimodal perspectives.

Emotional contagion, a fundamental aspect of empathy, is an automatic and unconscious process in which individuals mimic and synchronize with the emotions of others. Extensively studied in rodents, this phenomenon is mediated through a range of sensory pathways, each contributing distinct insights. The olfactory pathway, marked by two types of pheromones modulated by oxytocin, plays a crucial role in transmitting emotional states. The auditory pathway, involving both squeaks and specific ultrasonic vocalizations, correlates with various emotional states and is essential for expression and communication in rodents. The visual pathway, though less relied upon, encompasses observational motions and facial expressions. The tactile pathway, a more recent focus, underscores the significance of physical interactions such as allogrooming and socio-affective touch in modulating emotional states. This comprehensive review not only highlights plausible neural mechanisms but also poses key questions for future research. It underscores the complexity of multimodal integration in emotional contagion, offering valuable insights for human psychology, neuroscience, animal welfare, and the burgeoning field of animal-human-AI interactions, thereby contributing to the development of a more empathetic intelligent future.

Docking protein 6 (DOK6) selectively docks the neurotrophic signaling transduction to restrain peripheral neuropathy.

The appropriate and specific response of nerve cells to various external cues is essential for the establishment and maintenance of neural circuits, and this process requires the proper recruitment of adaptor molecules to selectively activate downstream pathways. Here, we identified that DOK6, a member of the Dok (downstream of tyrosine kinases) family, is required for the maintenance of peripheral axons, and that loss of Dok6 can cause typical peripheral neuropathy symptoms in mice, manifested as impaired sensory, abnormal posture, paw deformities, blocked nerve conduction, and dysmyelination. Furthermore, Dok6 is highly expressed in peripheral neurons but not in Schwann cells, and genetic deletion of Dok6 in peripheral neurons led to typical peripheral myelin outfolding, axon destruction, and hindered retrograde axonal transport. Specifically, DOK6 acts as an adaptor protein for selectivity-mediated neurotrophic signal transduction and retrograde transport for TrkC and Ret but not for TrkA and TrkB. DOK6 interacts with certain proteins in the trafficking machinery and controls their phosphorylation, including MAP1B, Tau and Dynein for axonal transport, and specifically activates the downstream ERK1/2 kinase pathway to maintain axonal survival and homeostasis. This finding provides new clues to potential insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of hereditary peripheral neuropathies and other degenerative diseases.

Decoding the language of fear: Unveiling objective and subjective indicators in rodent models through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

While rodent models are vital for studying mental disorders, the underestimation of construct validity of fear indicators has led to limitations in translating to effective clinical treatments. Addressing this gap, we systematically reviewed 5054 articles from the 1960 s, understanding underlying theoretical advancement, and selected 68 articles with at least two fear indicators for a three-level meta-analysis. We hypothesized correlations between different indicators would elucidate similar functions, while magnitude differences could reveal distinct neural or behavioral mechanisms. Our findings reveal a shift towards using freezing behavior as the primary fear indicator in rodent models, and strong, moderate, and weak correlations between freezing and conditioned suppression ratios, 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, and autonomic nervous system responses, respectively. Using freezing as a reference, moderator analysis shows treatment types and fear stages significantly influenced differences in magnitudes between two indicators. Our analysis supports a two-system model of fear in rodents, where objective and subjective fears could operate on a threshold-based mechanism.

Sirt6 regulates the proliferation of neural precursor cells and cortical neurogenesis in mice.

Sirt6, a member of the class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), functions in the regulation of genomic stability, DNA repair, cancer, metabolism and aging. Sirt6 deficiency is lethal, and newborn SIRT6-null cynomolgus monkeys show unfinished brain development. After the generation of a cortex-specific Sirt6 conditional knockout mouse model, we investigated the specific deletion of Sirt6 in NPCs at E10.5. This study found that Sirt6 deficiency causes excessive proliferation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and retards differentiation. The results suggest that endogenous Sirt6 in NPCs regulates histone acetylation and limits stemness-related genes, including Notch1, in order to participate in NPC fate determination. These findings help elucidate Sirt6's role in brain development and in NPC fate determination while providing data on species generality and differentiation.

Development and Validation of the Compensatory Belief Scale for the Internet Instant Gratification Behavior.

Objective: The concept of "compensatory belief" pertains to an individual's conviction that the negative consequences of a specific behavior can be counteracted by engaging in a subsequent positive behavior. This study sought to devise a scale tailored to gauge compensatory beliefs concerning internet instant gratification behaviors. Methods: Utilizing the Credamo online questionnaire platform, data were amassed from two distinctive cohorts: organizational employees and college students. A collective 1064 responses were amassed. Results: The newly created Compensatory Belief Scale for Internet Instant Gratification Behavior was bifurcated into two versions: one tailored for employees (CBS-IIGB-E) and the other for college students (CBS-IIGB-S). Through an exploratory factor analysis, two factors were discerned, namely "Compensatory Beliefs for Working/Studying " and "Compensatory Beliefs for Resting". A confirmatory factor analysis validated this two-factor model with the following metrics for the employee version: SBχ2 = 54.88, df = 32, CFI = 0.974, TLI = 0.964, RMSEA = 0.064, SRMR = 0.047, and for the student version: SBχ2 = 19.26，df = 19，CFI = 0.999，TLI = 0.999，RMSEA = 0.008，SRMR = 0.033. The scores on the Internet Addiction Scale and the Smartphone Addiction Scale showed a positive correlation with the overall scores of the CBS-IIGB-E and the scores of its two factors. Conversely, the scores on the Self-control Scale exhibited a negative correlation with the total scores of the CBS-IIGB-E and the scores of its two factors. The correlation pattern with the criterion scales for the CBS-IIGB-S mirrored that of the CBS-IIGB-E, with the exception that the Self-control Scale only correlated with the two factors and not the overall score of the CBS-IIGB-S. The McDonald's Omega coefficients for the two factors of the CBS-IIGB-E were 0.84 and 0.86 respectively, and those for the CBS-IIGB-S were 0.82 and 0.87 respectively. Both scales demonstrated a test-retest reliability of 0.76. Significant differences in the scale scores across diverse target groups were observed in the simulation game of internet instant gratification behavior, thereby validating the predictive validity of the developed scales. Conclusion: The Compensatory Belief Scale for Internet Instant Gratification Behavior (CBS-IIGB) is a reliable and valid tool for measuring compensatory belief in situations where the allure of immediate internet gratification comes into conflict with long-term objectives, among both organizational employees (CBS-IIGB-E) and college students (CBS-IIGB-S).

Intestine bacterial community affects the growth of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

Increasing evidence suggests that intestine microorganisms are closely related to shrimp growth, but there is no existing experiment to prove this hypothesis. Here, we compared the intestine bacterial community of fast- and slow-growing shrimp at the same developmental stage with a marked difference in body size. Our results showed that the intestine bacterial communities of slow-growing shrimp exhibited less diversity but were more heterogeneous than those of fast-growing shrimp. Uncultured_bacterium_g_Candidatus Bacilloplasma, Tamlana agarivorans, Donghicola tyrosinivorans, and uncultured_bacterium_f_Flavobacteriaceae were overrepresented in the intestines of fast-growing shrimp, while Shimia marina, Vibrio sp., and Vibrio campbellii showed the opposite trends. We further found that the bacterial community composition was significantly correlated with shrimp length, and some bacterial species abundances were found to be significantly correlated with shrimp weight and length, including T. agarivorans and V. campbellii, which were chosen as indicators for a reverse gavage experiment. Finally, T. agarivorans was found to significantly promote shrimp growth after the experiment. Collectively, these results suggest that intestine bacterial community could be important factors in determining the growth of shrimp, indicating that specific bacteria could be tested in further studies against shrimp growth retardation. KEY POINTS: • A close relationship between intestine bacterial community and shrimp growth was proven by controllable experiments. • The bacterial signatures of the intestine were markedly different between slow- and fast-growing shrimp, and the relative abundances of some intestine bacterial species were correlated significantly with shrimp body size. • Reverse gavage by Tamlana agarivorans significantly promoted shrimp growth.

Global burden of burns and its association with socio-economic development status, 1990-2019.

BACKGROUND: Burns represent important global health problems. Whereas many studies are limited by the difficulties in estimating the burden of burns and instead focus on the causes of burns, such as fire, heat, and hot substances. Therefore, a complete assessment of the burden of all injuries leading to burns is essential to developing reasonable global intervention strategies. METHODS: Data on three classes of burns, including "< 20 % total burned surface area without lower airway burns" (Moderate injury), "> =20 % total burned surface area or > = 10 % burned surface area if head/neck or hands/wrist involved w/o lower airway burns" (Major injury), "Lower airway burns" (Inhalation injury) were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR-I) and Years Lived with Disability (ASR-YLDs) for burns has been standardized by removing the influence of population size and age structure. They were extracted and stratified by cause, year, sex, age, socio-demographic index, country, and territory. RESULTS: In terms of ASR-I and ASR-YLDs, burns showed a significant decrease from 1990 to 2019, especially for moderate and major injury. In 2019, the burden of moderate injury was positively correlated with socio-demographic index while major injury was negatively correlated (P < 0.05). We found no correlation between socio-demographic index and the burden for inhalation injury (P > 0.05). Fire, heat, and hot substances were the most important cause of burns except for inhalation injury. The most common association with inhalation injury was falls, which were also a major cause of moderate and major injury. CONCLUSIONS: The Global Burden of Disease 2019 database data can be used to guide the allocation of resources to reduce ASR-I and ASR-YLDs of different burn classes.

RNase H-Driven crRNA Switch Circuits for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Various Analytical Targets.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas12a) system has exhibited great promise in the rapid and sensitive molecular diagnostics for its trans-cleavage property. However, most CRISPR/Cas system-based detection methods are designed for nucleic acids and require target preamplification to improve sensitivity and detection limits. Here, we propose a generic crRNA switch circuit-regulated CRISPR/Cas sensor for the sensitive detection of various targets. The crRNA switch is engineered and designed in a blocked state but can be activated in the presence of triggers, which are target-induced association DNA to initiate the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a for signal reporting. Additionally, RNase H is introduced to specifically hydrolyze RNA duplexed with the DNA trigger, resulting in the regeneration of the trigger to activate more crRNA switches. Such a combination provides a generic and sensitive strategy for the effective sensing of the p53 sequence, thrombin, and adenosine triphosphate. The design is incorporated with nucleic acid nanotechnology and extensively broadens the application scope of the CRISPR technology in biosensing.