RESUMEN
The molecular mechanisms governing the response of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to stress insults remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated effects of conditional knock-out or overexpression of Hmga2 (High mobility group AT-hook 2), a transcriptional activator of stem cell genes in fetal HSCs. While Hmga2 overexpression did not affect adult hematopoiesis under homeostasis, it accelerated HSC expansion in response to injection with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or in vitro treatment with TNF-α. In contrast, HSC and megakaryocyte progenitor cell numbers were decreased in Hmga2 KO animals. Transcription of inflammatory genes was repressed in Hmga2-overexpressing mice injected with 5-FU, and Hmga2 bound to distinct regions and chromatin accessibility was decreased in HSCs upon stress. Mechanistically, we found that casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates the Hmga2 acidic domain, promoting its access and binding to chromatin, transcription of anti-inflammatory target genes, and the expansion of HSCs under stress conditions. Notably, the identified stress-regulated Hmga2 gene signature is activated in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells of human myelodysplastic syndrome patients. In sum, these results reveal a TNF-α/CK2/phospho-Hmga2 axis controlling adult stress hematopoiesis.
Asunto(s)
Quinasa de la Caseína II , Cromatina , Proteína HMGA2 , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Ratones Noqueados , Proteína HMGA2/metabolismo , Proteína HMGA2/genética , Animales , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Ratones , Humanos , Quinasa de la Caseína II/metabolismo , Quinasa de la Caseína II/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Cromatina/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Hematopoyesis , Estrés Fisiológico , Fluorouracilo/farmacología , Regeneración , Fosforilación , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/patología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
TIF1ß/KAP1/TRIM28, a chromatin modulator, both represses and activates the transcription of genes in normal and malignant cells. Analyses of datasets on leukemia patients revealed that the expression level of TIF1ß was increased in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia at the blast crisis and acute myeloid leukemia. We generated a BCR::ABL1 conditional knock-in (KI) mouse model, which developed aggressive myeloid leukemia, and demonstrated that the deletion of the Tif1ß gene inhibited the progression of myeloid leukemia and showed longer survival than that in BCR::ABL1 KI mice, suggesting that Tif1ß drove the progression of BCR::ABL1-induced leukemia. In addition, the deletion of Tif1ß sensitized BCR::ABL1 KI leukemic cells to dasatinib. The deletion of Tif1ß decreased the expression levels of TIF1ß-target genes and chromatin accessibility peaks enriched with the Fosl1-binding motif in BCR::ABL1 KI stem cells. TIF1ß directly bound to the promoters of proliferation genes, such as FOSL1, in human BCR::ABL1 cells, in which TIF1ß and FOSL1 bound to adjacent regions of chromatin. Since the expression of Fosl1 was critical for the enhanced growth of BCR::ABL1 KI cells, Tif1ß and Fosl1 interacted to activate the leukemic transcriptional program in and cellular function of BCR::ABL1 KI stem cells and drove the progression of myeloid leukemia.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/genética , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/metabolismo , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/patología , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Proteína 28 que Contiene Motivos Tripartito/metabolismo , Proteína 28 que Contiene Motivos Tripartito/genética , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
Aberrant innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been implicated as a driver of the development of MDS. We herein demonstrated that a prior stimulation with bacterial and viral products followed by loss of the Tet2 gene facilitated the development of MDS via up-regulating the target genes of the Elf1 transcription factor and remodeling the epigenome in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a manner that was dependent on Polo-like kinases (Plk) downstream of Tlr3/4-Trif signaling but did not increase genomic mutations. The pharmacological inhibition of Plk function or the knockdown of Elf1 expression was sufficient to prevent the epigenetic remodeling in HSCs and diminish the enhanced clonogenicity and the impaired erythropoiesis. Moreover, this Elf1-target signature was significantly enriched in MDS HSPCs in humans. Therefore, prior infection stress and the acquisition of a driver mutation remodeled the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes and cellular functions in HSCs via the Trif-Plk-Elf1 axis, which promoted the development of MDS.
Asunto(s)
Dioxigenasas , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos , Humanos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas Adaptadoras del Transporte Vesicular/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras del Transporte Vesicular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Dioxigenasas/genética , Dioxigenasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). In addition to HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), a leukemogenic antisense transcript of HTLV-1, abnormalities of genes involved in TCR-NF-κB signaling, such as CARD11, are detected in about 90% of patients. Utilizing mice expressing CD4+ T cell-specific CARD11(E626K) and/or CD4+ T cell-specific HBZ, namely CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre mice, HBZ transgenic (Tg) mice, and CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre;HBZ Tg double transgenic mice, we clarify these genes' pathogenetic effects. CARD11(E626K)CD4-Cre and HBZ Tg mice exhibit lymphocytic invasion to many organs, including the lungs, and double transgenic mice develop lymphoproliferative disease and increase CD4+ T cells in vivo. CARD11(E626K) and HBZ cooperatively activate the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, IRF4 targets, BATF3/IRF4/HBZ transcriptional network, MYC targets, and E2F targets. Most KEGG and HALLMARK gene sets enriched in acute-type ATL are also enriched in double transgenic mice, indicating that these genes cooperatively contribute to ATL development.
Asunto(s)
Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T del Adulto , Linfoma , Adulto , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Señalización CARD , Guanilato Ciclasa , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T del Adulto/genética , Ratones Transgénicos , Mutación , FN-kappa B/genética , Proteínas de los RetroviridaeRESUMEN
Radiation therapy is one of the major treatment modalities for patients with cancers. However, ionizing radiation (IR) damages not only cancer cells but also the surrounding vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Hippo pathway effector genes Yap1 and Taz are the two transcriptional coactivators that have crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and vascular integrity in various organs. However, their function in adult ECs at the steady state and after IR is poorly understood. Here, we report sex- and context-dependent roles of endothelial YAP1/TAZ in maintaining vascular integrity and organismal survival. EC-specific Yap1/Taz deletion compromised systemic vascular integrity, resulting in lethal circulation failure preferentially in male mice. Furthermore, EC-specific Yap1/Taz deletion induced acute lethality upon sublethal IR that was closely associated with exacerbated systemic vascular dysfunction and circulation failure. Consistent with these findings, RNA-seq analysis revealed downregulation of tight junction genes in Yap1/Taz-deleted ECs. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of endothelial YAP1/TAZ for maintaining adult vascular function, which may provide clinical implications for preventing organ injury after radiation therapy.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Transactivadores , Animales , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAPRESUMEN
High mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 3 (HMGN3), a member of the HMGN family, modulates the structure of chromatin and regulates transcription through transcription factors. HMGN3 has been implicated in the development of various cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that the high expression of HMGN3 correlated with the metastasis of liver fluke infection-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in patients in northeastern Thailand. The knockdown of HMGN3 in CCA cells significantly impaired the oncogenic properties of colony formation, migration, and invasion. HMGN3 inhibited the expression of and blocked the intracellular polarities of epithelial regulator genes, such as the CDH1/E-cadherin and TJAP1 genes in CCA cells. A chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis revealed that HMGN3 required the transcription factor SNAI2 to bind to and repress the expression of epithelial regulator genes, at least in part, due to histone deacetylases (HDACs), the pharmacological inhibition of which reactivated these epithelial regulators in CCA, leading to impairing the cell migration capacity. Therefore, the overexpression of HMGN3 represses the transcription of and blocks the polarities of epithelial regulators in CCA cells in a manner that is dependent on the SNAI2 gene and HDACs.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares , Colangiocarcinoma , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/genética , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Conductos Biliares Intrahepáticos/metabolismo , Conductos Biliares Intrahepáticos/patología , Colangiocarcinoma/genética , Colangiocarcinoma/patología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas HMGN/genética , Proteínas HMGN/metabolismo , Humanos , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/genética , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (Hmga2) is a chromatin modifier protein that plays a critical role in fetal development and leukemia propagation by binding to chromatin and DNA via its AT-hook domains. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Hmga2 activates the expression of target genes to drive the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain unclear. We generated Rosa26 locus Hmga2 conditional knock-in mice and found that overexpression of Hmga2 promoted self-renewal of normal HSCs, but maintained their fitness in bone marrow, and consequently was not sufficient to initiate malignancy. This result is consistent with previous findings showing that Hmga2 is a proto-oncogene. We also assessed the cellular functions of Hmga2 mutants lacking functional domains and demonstrated that the C-terminus acidic domain of Hmga2 and the domain's linker region were critical for activating genes involved in stem cell signatures, such as the Igf2bp2 gene, to drive proliferation of HSCs. In contrast, overexpression of Hmga1, a member of the Hmga family with a different linker region, did not drive proliferation of HSCs. Our results reveal a critical role for the acidic domain of Hmga2 and the domain's linker region in modulating the transcription and self-renewal functions of HSCs.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Neoplasias , Animales , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Proteínas de Unión al ARNRESUMEN
RUNX3, a transcription factor, has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, including hematological malignancies; however, recent studies revealed an oncogenic function of RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. In contrast to the high frequency of mutations in the RUNX1 gene, deletion of and loss-of-function mutations in RUNX3 are rarely detected in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Although RUNX3 is expressed in normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, its expression decreases with aging in humans. The loss of Runx3 did not result in the development of lethal hematological diseases in mice despite the expansion of myeloid cells. Therefore, RUNX3 does not appear to initiate the transformation of normal hematopoietic stem cells. However, the overexpression of RUNX3 inhibits the expression and transcriptional function of the RUNX1 gene, but activates the expression of key oncogenic pathways, such as MYC, resulting in the transformation of premalignant stem cells harboring a driver genetic mutation. We herein discuss the mechanisms by which RUNX3 is activated and how RUNX3 exerts oncogenic effects on the cellular function of and transcriptional program in premalignant stem cells to drive myeloid transformation.
Asunto(s)
Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Subunidad alfa 3 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Células Mieloides/patología , Animales , Subunidad alfa 3 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Hematopoyesis , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide/patología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/patología , Células Mieloides/metabolismoRESUMEN
In the tumor microenvironment, senescent non-malignant cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), exhibit a secretory profile under stress conditions; this senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) leads to cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, the role of senescent CAFs in metastatic lesions and the molecular mechanism of inflammation-related SASP induction are not well understood. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokine-driven EZH2 downregulation maintains the SASP by demethylating H3K27me3 marks in CAFs and enhances peritoneal tumor formation of gastric cancer (GC) through JAK/STAT3 signaling in a mouse model. A JAK/STAT3 inhibitor blocks the increase in GC cell viability induced by senescent CAFs and peritoneal tumor formation. Single-cell mass cytometry revealed that fibroblasts exist in the ascites of GC patients with peritoneal dissemination, and the fibroblast population shows p16 expression and SASP factors at high levels. These findings provide insights into the inflammation-related SASP maintenance by histone modification and the role of senescent CAFs in GC peritoneal dissemination.
Asunto(s)
Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/enzimología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Neoplasias Peritoneales/metabolismo , Fenotipo Secretor Asociado a la Senescencia , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Anciano , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Citocinas/genética , Proteína Potenciadora del Homólogo Zeste 2/genética , Proteína Potenciadora del Homólogo Zeste 2/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inhibidores de las Cinasas Janus/farmacología , Quinasas Janus/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Peritoneales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Peritoneales/genética , Neoplasias Peritoneales/secundario , Piridinas/farmacología , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/genética , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Microambiente Tumoral , Tirfostinos/farmacología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
High Mobility Group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a chromatin modifier and its overexpression has been found in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Level of Hmga2 expression is fine-tuned by Lin28b-Let-7 axis and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, in which deletion of Ezh2 leads to activation of Hmga2 expression in hematopoietic stem cells. To elucidate the mechanisms by which the overexpression of HMGA2 helps transformation of stem cells harboring a driver mutation of TET2, we generated an Hmga2-expressing Tet2-deficient mouse model showing the progressive phenotypes of MDS and AML. The overexpression of Hmga2 remodeled the transcriptional program of Tet2-deficient stem and progenitor cells, leading to the impaired differentiation of myeloid cells. Furthermore, Hmga2 was bound to a proximal region of Igf2bp2 oncogene, and activated its transcription, leading to enhancing self-renewal of Tet2-deficient stem cells that was suppressed by inhibition of the DNA binding of Hmga2. These combinatory effects on the transcriptional program and cellular function were not redundant to those in Tet2-deficient cells. The present results elucidate that Hmga2 targets key oncogenic pathways during the transformation and highlight the Hmga2-Igf2bp2 axis as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteína HMGA2/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Dioxigenasas , Proteína Potenciadora del Homólogo Zeste 2/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Ratones , MicroARNs/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/patología , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/patología , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 2/genéticaRESUMEN
RUNX3, a RUNX family transcription factor, regulates normal hematopoiesis and functions as a tumor suppressor in various tumors in humans and mice. However, emerging studies have documented increased expression of RUNX3 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) of a subset of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) showing a worse outcome, suggesting an oncogenic function for RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. To elucidate the oncogenic function of RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of MDS in vivo, we generated a RUNX3-expressing, Tet2-deficient mouse model with the pancytopenia and dysplastic blood cells characteristic of MDS in patients. RUNX3-expressing cells markedly suppressed the expression levels of Runx1, a critical regulator of hemaotpoiesis in normal and malignant cells, as well as its target genes, which included crucial tumor suppressors such as Cebpa and Csf1r. RUNX3 bound these genes and remodeled their Runx1-binding regions in Tet2-deficient cells. Overexpression of RUNX3 inhibited the transcriptional function of Runx1 and compromised hematopoiesis to facilitate the development of MDS in the absence of Tet2, indicating that RUNX3 is an oncogene. Furthermore, overexpression of RUNX3 activated the transcription of Myc target genes and rendered cells sensitive to inhibition of Myc-Max heterodimerization. Collectively, these results reveal the mechanism by which RUNX3 overexpression exerts oncogenic effects on the cellular function of and transcriptional program in Tet2-deficient stem cells to drive the transformation of MDS. SIGNIFICANCE: This study defines the oncogenic effects of transcription factor RUNX3 in driving the transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome, highlighting RUNX3 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Asunto(s)
Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa 3 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/patología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/patología , Animales , Médula Ósea/patología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Dioxigenasas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Cultivo Primario de Células , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
Mutations in JAK2, myeloproliferative leukemia virus (MPL), or calreticulin (CALR) occur in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and are detected in more than 80% of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). They are thought to play a driver role in MPN pathogenesis via autosomal activation of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade. Mutant CALR binds to MPL, activates downstream MPL signaling cascades, and induces essential thrombocythemia in mice. However, embryonic lethality of Calr-deficient mice precludes determination of a role for CALR in hematopoiesis. To clarify the role of CALR in normal hematopoiesis and MPN pathogenesis, we generated hematopoietic cell-specific Calr-deficient mice. CALR deficiency had little effect on the leukocyte count, hemoglobin levels, or platelet count in peripheral blood. However, Calr-deficient mice showed some hematopoietic properties of MPN, including decreased erythropoiesis and increased myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Transplantation experiments revealed that Calr haploinsufficiency promoted the self-renewal capacity of HSCs. We generated CALRdel52 mutant transgenic mice with Calr haploinsufficiency as a model that mimics human MPN patients and found that Calr haploinsufficiency restored the self-renewal capacity of HSCs damaged by CALR mutations. Only recipient mice transplanted with Lineage-Sca1+c-kit+ cells harboring both CALR mutation and Calr haploinsufficiency developed MPN in competitive conditions, showing that CALR haploinsufficiency was necessary for the onset of CALR-mutated MPNs.
Asunto(s)
Calreticulina/fisiología , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/etiología , Células Madre/patología , Animales , Médula Ósea/patología , Calreticulina/deficiencia , Calreticulina/genética , Autorrenovación de las Células , Eritropoyesis , Genotipo , Hematopoyesis Extramedular , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/patología , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Eliminación de Secuencia , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
RESUMEN
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an aggressive subtype of acute leukemia, the cell of origin of which is considered to be precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Since translocation (6;8)(p21;q24) is a recurrent anomaly for BPDCN, we demonstrate that a pDC-specific super-enhancer of RUNX2 is associated with the MYC promoter due to t(6;8). RUNX2 ensures the expression of pDC-signature genes in leukemic cells, but also confers survival and proliferative properties in BPDCN cells. Furthermore, the pDC-specific RUNX2 super-enhancer is hijacked to activate MYC in addition to RUNX2 expression, thereby promoting the proliferation of BPDCN. We also demonstrate that the transduction of MYC and RUNX2 is sufficient to initiate the transformation of BPDCN in mice lacking Tet2 and Tp53, providing a model that accurately recapitulates the aggressive human disease and gives an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of BPDCN.