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Kidney injury disrupts the intricate renal architecture and triggers limited regeneration, together with injury-invoked inflammation and fibrosis. Deciphering the molecular pathways and cellular interactions driving these processes is challenging due to the complex tissue structure. Here, we apply single cell spatial transcriptomics to examine ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse kidney. Spatial transcriptomics reveals injury-specific and spatially-dependent gene expression patterns in distinct cellular microenvironments within the kidney and predicts Clcf1-Crfl1 in a molecular interplay between persistently injured proximal tubule cells and their neighboring fibroblasts. Immune cell types play a critical role in organ repair. Spatial analysis identifies cellular microenvironments resembling early tertiary lymphoid structures and associated molecular pathways. Collectively, this study supports a focus on molecular interactions in cellular microenvironments to enhance understanding of injury, repair and disease.
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Comunicación Celular , Microambiente Celular , Riñón , Regeneración , Daño por Reperfusión , Transcriptoma , Animales , Ratones , Regeneración/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Túbulos Renales Proximales/metabolismo , Túbulos Renales Proximales/patología , Masculino , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Análisis de la Célula Individual , FibrosisRESUMEN
While traditional combination anticancer treatments have shown promising results, there remains significant interest in developing innovative methods to enhance and integrate chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This study introduces a recombinant fusion protein-based cell surface modification system that synergistically combines chemotherapy and immunotherapy into a single-targeted chemo-immunotherapy approach. A cell surface-modified protein composed of an antibody-specific binding domain and a cell-penetrating domain rapidly converts immune cells into chemo-immuno therapeutics by binding to antibodies on the surface of immune cells. Utilizing a non-invasive, non-toxic approach free of chemical modifications and binding, our system homogeneously transforms immune cells by transiently introducing targeted cytotoxic drugs into them. The surface-engineered immune cells loaded with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) significantly inhibit the growth of target tumors and enhance the targeted elimination of cancer cells. Therefore, NK cells modified by the cell surface-modified protein to incorporate ADCs could be expected to achieve the combined effects of targeted cancer cell recognition, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy against cancer. This strategy allows for the efficient and rapid preparation of advanced chemo-immuno therapeutics to treat various types of cancer and provides significant potential to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genetic testing has become crucial in cancer care. While its primary objective is to identify actionable genetic alterations to guide treatment decisions, its scope has broadened to encompass aiding in pathological diagnosis and exploring resistance mechanisms. With the ongoing expansion in NGS application and reliance, a compelling necessity arises for expert consensus on its application in solid cancers. To address this demand, the forthcoming recommendations not only provide pragmatic guidance for the clinical use of NGS but also systematically classify actionable genes based on specific cancer types. Additionally, these recommendations will incorporate expert perspectives on crucial biomarkers, ensuring informed decisions regarding circulating tumor DNA panel testing.
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INTRODUCTION: Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor, with a serious complication of wound healing complications. The package insert currently does not have recommendations on the management of bevacizumab administration around minor procedures, including port placements. Currently, there are only two trials that have examined the optimal timing of bevacizumab after port placement. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective trial aiming to evaluate the rate of wound dehiscence and other port site complications depending on the time between port placement and bevacizumab infusion. Eligible patients who have had at least one port place and have received bevacizumab for an oncologic indication were identified in a study period of 1/1/2016-3/31/2021. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of wound dehiscence in relation to the timing of bevacizumab infusion. RESULTS: A total of 243 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 116 port placements had a port site complication. For wound dehiscence, 6% was observed 0 days from port placement, 10% was observed 1 day from port placement, 0% was observed 2 days from port placement, 0% was observed 3-7 days from port placement, 3% was observed 8-14 days from port placement, and 3% was observed 15-30 days from port placement. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show an inverse relationship between the risk of wound dehiscence and port site complication and the timing of bevacizumab infusion to port placement, with an increase in absolute risk of wound dehiscence when bevacizumab is given within 2 days of port placement.
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Background and Objectives: Ascites, often associated with liver cirrhosis, poses diagnostic challenges, particularly in detecting bacterial infections. Traditional methods have limitations, prompting the exploration of advanced techniques such as 16S rDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) for improved diagnostics in such low-biomass fluids. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the NGS method enhances detection sensitivity compared to a conventional ascites culture. Additionally, we aimed to explore the presence of a microbiome in the abdominal cavity and determine whether it has a sterile condition. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with clinically suspected spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) were included in this study. A traditional ascites culture was performed, and all ascites samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were interpreted by comparing them to positive and negative controls for each sample. Results: Differential centrifugation was applied to all ascites samples, resulting in very small or no bacterial pellets being harvested. The examination of the 16S amplicon sequencing libraries indicated that the target amplicon products were either minimally visible or exhibited lower intensity than their corresponding negative controls. Contaminants present in the reagents were also identified in the ascites samples. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of all samples showed microbial compositions that were akin to those found in the negative controls, without any bacteria isolated that were unique to the samples. Conclusions: The peritoneal cavity and ascites exhibit low bacterial biomass even in the presence of SBP, resulting in a very low positivity rate in 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Hence, the 16S RNA sequencing method does little to enhance the rate of positive samples compared to traditional culture methods, including in SBP cases.
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Ascitis , Peritonitis , Humanos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ascitis/genética , Peritonitis/diagnóstico , Peritonitis/microbiología , Bacterias/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodosRESUMEN
Kidney injury disrupts the intricate renal architecture and triggers limited regeneration, and injury-invoked inflammation and fibrosis. Deciphering molecular pathways and cellular interactions driving these processes is challenging due to the complex renal architecture. Here, we applied single cell spatial transcriptomics to examine ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse kidney. Spatial transcriptomics revealed injury-specific and spatially-dependent gene expression patterns in distinct cellular microenvironments within the kidney and predicted Clcf1-Crfl1 in a molecular interplay between persistently injured proximal tubule cells and neighboring fibroblasts. Immune cell types play a critical role in organ repair. Spatial analysis revealed cellular microenvironments resembling early tertiary lymphoid structures and identified associated molecular pathways. Collectively, this study supports a focus on molecular interactions in cellular microenvironments to enhance understanding of injury, repair and disease.
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In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genetic testing has become crucial in cancer care. While its primary objective is to identify actionable genetic alterations to guide treatment decisions, its scope has broadened to encompass aiding in pathological diagnosis and exploring resistance mechanisms. With the ongoing expansion in NGS application and reliance, a compelling necessity arises for expert consensus on its application in solid cancers. To address this demand, the forthcoming recommendations not only provide pragmatic guidance for the clinical use of NGS but also systematically classify actionable genes based on specific cancer types. Additionally, these recommendations will incorporate expert perspectives on crucial biomarkers, ensuring informed decisions regarding circulating tumor DNA panel testing.
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BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was not actively performed in elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome patients who are at a high-risk based on hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI). The advent of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens has made HSCT applicable in this population. However, the selection of appropriate conditioning is a major concern for the attending physician. The benefits of combination of treosulfan and fludarabine (Treo/Flu) have been confirmed through many clinical studies. Korean data on treosulfan-based conditioning regimen are scarce. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes of allogeneic HSCT using RIC between 13 patients receiving Treo/Flu and 39 receiving busulfan/fludarabine (Bu/Flu). RESULTS: In terms of conditioning-related complications, the frequency of ≥ grade 2 nausea or vomiting was significantly lower and the duration of symptoms was shorter in the Treo/Flu group than in the Bu/Flu group. The incidence of ≥ grade 2 mucositis tended to be lower in the Treo/Flu group. In the analysis of transplant outcomes, all events of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and ≥ grade 2 acute GVHD occurred more frequently in the Treo/Flu group. The frequency of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation was significantly higher in the Treo/Flu group (53.8% vs. 23.1%, P = 0.037). Non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 12 months was higher in the Treo/Flu group (30.8% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.035). Significant prognostic factors included disease type, especially secondary AML, disease status and high-risk based on HCT-CI, ≥ grade 2 acute GVHD, and cases requiring ≥ 2 immunosuppressive drugs for treating acute GVHD. In the comparison of survival outcomes according to conditioning regimen, the Bu/Flu group seemed to show better results than the Treo/Flu group (60% vs. 46.2%, P = 0.092 for overall survival; 56.4% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.193 for relapse-free survival). In additional analysis for only HCT-CI high-risk groups, there was no difference in transplant outcomes except that the Treo/Flu group tended to have a higher NRM within one year after transplantation. Survival outcomes of both groups were similar. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Treo/Flu conditioning may be an alternative to Bu/Flu regimen in elderly patients with high-risk who are not suitable for standard conditioning.
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Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Anciano , Humanos , Busulfano/uso terapéutico , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , República de CoreaRESUMEN
The mammalian nucleus is compartmentalized by diverse subnuclear structures. These subnuclear structures, marked by nuclear bodies and histone modifications, are often cell-type specific and affect gene regulation and 3D genome organization1-3. Understanding nuclear organization requires identifying the molecular constituents of subnuclear structures and mapping their associations with specific genomic loci in individual cells, within complex tissues. Here, we introduce two-layer DNA seqFISH+, which allows simultaneous mapping of 100,049 genomic loci, together with nascent transcriptome for 17,856 genes and a diverse set of immunofluorescently labeled subnuclear structures all in single cells in cell lines and adult mouse cerebellum. Using these multi-omics datasets, we showed that repressive chromatin compartments are more variable by cell type than active compartments. We also discovered a single exception to this rule: an RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-enriched compartment was associated with long, cell-type specific genes (> 200kb), in a manner distinct from nuclear speckles. Further, our analysis revealed that cell-type specific facultative and constitutive heterochromatin compartments marked by H3K27me3 and H4K20me3 are enriched at specific genes and gene clusters, respectively, and shape radial chromosomal positioning and inter-chromosomal interactions in neurons and glial cells. Together, our results provide a single-cell high-resolution multi-omics view of subnuclear compartments, associated genomic loci, and their impacts on gene regulation, directly within complex tissues.
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BACKGROUND: A fourth dose of vaccination is known to help reduce the severity and mortality rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The South Korean vaccination guidelines for the fourth dose do not include healthcare workers (HCWs) as priority candidates. We investigated the necessity of the fourth dose in South Korean HCWs based on an 8-month follow-up period after the third vaccination. METHODS: Changes in the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) inhibition (%) score were measured at one month, four months and eight months after the third vaccination. The sVNT values were analyzed between infected and uninfected groups, and their trajectories were compared. RESULTS: A total of 43 HCWs were enrolled in this study. In total, 28 cases (65.1%) were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 (presumed omicron variant), and all had mild symptoms. Meanwhile, 22 cases (78.6%) were infected within four months of the third dose (median, 97.5 days). Eight months after the third dose, the SARS-CoV-2 (presumed omicron variant)-infected group showed significantly higher sVNT inhibition than that in the uninfected group (91.3% vs. 30.7%; P < 0.001). The antibody response due to hybrid immunity, provided by a combination of infection and vaccination, was maintained at sufficient levels for more than four months. CONCLUSION: For HCWs who had coronavirus disease 2019 infection after completing a third vaccination, a sufficient antibody response was maintained until eight months after the third dose. The recommendation of the fourth dose may not be prioritized in subjects with hybrid immunity.
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COVID-19 , Vacunas , Humanos , Vacuna BNT162 , Estudios de Seguimiento , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Personal de SaludRESUMEN
AIM: This study examined the serum antibody response of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in solid and hematologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Levels of various inflammatory cytokines/chemokines after full vaccination were analyzed. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with solid cancer and 37 with hematologic malignancy who got fully vaccinated either with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) or vector vaccines or their combination were included. After consecutively collecting blood, immunogenicity was assessed by surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), and cytokine/chemokines were evaluated by Meso Scale Discovery assay. RESULTS: Seropositivity and protective immune response were lower in patients with hematologic cancer compared to those with solid cancers, regardless of vaccine type. Significantly lower sVNT inhibition was observed in patients with hematologic cancer (mean [SD] 45.30 [40.27] %) than in those with solid cancer (mean [SD] 61.78 [34.79] %) (p = 0.047). Heterologous vector/mRNA vaccination was independently and most markedly associated with a higher sVNT inhibition score (p < 0.05), followed by homologous mRNA vaccination. The mean serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1ß were significantly higher in patients with hematologic cancers compared to those with solid cancers after the full vaccination. In 36 patients who received an additional booster shot, 29 demonstrated increased antibody titer in terms of mean sVNT (%) (40.80 and 75.21, respectively, before and after the additional dose, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Hematologic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy tended to respond poorly to both COVID-19 mRNA and vector vaccines and had a significantly lower antibody titer compared to those with solid cancers.
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BACKGROUND: Although the primary vaccine coverage rate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea has exceeded 80%, the coronavirus continues to spread, with reports of a rapid decline in vaccine effectiveness. South Korea is administering booster shots despite concerns about the effectiveness of the existing vaccine. METHODS: Neutralizing antibody inhibition scores were evaluated in two cohorts after the booster dose. For the first cohort, neutralizing activity against the wild-type, delta, and omicron variants after the booster dose was evaluated. For the second cohort, we assessed the difference in neutralizing activity between the omicron infected and uninfected groups after booster vaccination. We also compared the effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) between homologous and heterologous booster doses for BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccines. RESULTS: A total of 105 healthcare workers (HCWs) that were additionally vaccinated with BNT162b2 at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital were enrolled in this study. Significantly higher surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) inhibition (%) was observed for the wild-type and delta variants compared to sVNT (%) for the omicron after the booster dose (97%, 98% vs. 75%; P < 0.001). No significant difference in the neutralizing antibody inhibition score was found between variants in the BNT/BNT/BNT group (n = 48) and the ChA/ChA/BNT group (n = 57). Total AEs were not significantly different between the ChA/ChA/BNT group (85.96%) and the BNT/BNT group (95.83%; P = 0.11). In the second cohort with 58 HCWs, markedly higher sVNT inhibition to omicron was observed in the omicron-infected group (95.13%) compared to the uninfected group (mean of 48.44%; P < 0.001) after four months of the booster dose. In 41 HCWs (39.0%) infected with the omicron variant, no difference in immunogenicity, AEs, or effectiveness between homogeneous and heterogeneous boosters was observed. CONCLUSION: Booster vaccination with BNT162b2 was significantly less effective for the neutralizing antibody responses to omicron variant compared to the wild-type or delta variant in healthy population. Humoral immunogenicity was sustained significantly high after 4 months of booster vaccine in the infected population after booster vaccination. Further studies are needed to understand the characteristics of immunogenicity in these populations.
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COVID-19 , Vacunas , Humanos , Formación de Anticuerpos , Vacuna BNT162 , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Personal de Salud , República de Corea , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to share our outcomes and experiences on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in elderly patients aged 60 years and older with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in South Korea, and to compare them with other studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the clinical outcomes of 116 patients with AML or MDS aged 60 years and older who underwent allogeneic HSCT. We also analyzed which pretreatment factors affect the overall survival (OS) after allogeneic HSCT. RESULTS: Neutrophil and platelet engraftment were achieved at median day +11 [interquartile range (IQR) 10-15] and +14 (IQR 11-19), respectively. A complete donor chimerism was confirmed in 65 (56.0%) patients at 3 weeks and in 63 (54.3%) patients at 3 months after HSCT. The estimated incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at day 100 was 13.7%. The estimated incidence of chronic GVHD at 2 years was 38.8%. Within a median follow-up of 14 months after HSCT, OS was 64% at 1 year and 55% at 2 years, and non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 20% at 1 year and 28% at 2 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Specific Comorbidity Index ≥3 were associated with poor OS. CONCLUSION: This study showed that allogeneic HSCT in elderly adults aged 60 and older can be performed with successful engraftment and acceptable NRM and OS are expected given the generally known survival of patients with higher risk MDS and poor risk AML.
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Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos , Adulto , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Donantes de Tejidos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/terapia , Recurrencia , Enfermedad Crónica , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Acondicionamiento PretrasplanteRESUMEN
Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are implicated in aging and age-related disease, and SASP-related inflammation is thought to contribute to tissue dysfunction in aging and diseased animals. However, whether and how SASP factors influence the regenerative capacity of tissues remains unclear. Here, using intestinal organoids as a model of tissue regeneration, we show that SASP factors released by senescent fibroblasts deregulate stem cell activity and differentiation and ultimately impair crypt formation. We identify the secreted N-terminal domain of Ptk7 as a key component of the SASP that activates non-canonical Wnt / Ca2+ signaling through FZD7 in intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] elicited by Ptk7 promote nuclear translocation of YAP and induce expression of YAP/TEAD target genes, impairing symmetry breaking and stem cell differentiation. Our study discovers secreted Ptk7 as a factor released by senescent cells and provides insight into the mechanism by which cellular senescence contributes to tissue dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Diferenciación Celular , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras , Células Madre , Animales , Ratones , Envejecimiento , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Senescencia Celular/genética , Intestinos/citología , Intestinos/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/metabolismo , Células Madre/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAPRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: KRAS mutations are one of the most common driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Though previously believed to be an undruggable target, recent advances in therapeutics have seen new targeted agents against KRAS mutations. The objective of this article is to review currently available and upcoming KRAS-targeted treatments. DATA SOURCES: Currently available trials examining KRAS-targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer were examined by searching for the keyword "KRAS inhibitors." The pivotal trials for sotorasib and adagrasib were reviewed for this article. DATA SUMMARY: Mutated KRAS can be challenging to target for a variety of reasons. In 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration approved sotorasib for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with KRAS G12C mutation as determined by a Food and Drug Administration-approved test, who have received at least one prior systemic therapy. A multicenter, single-group, open-label, phase 2 trial was able to demonstrate that sotorasib was able to demonstrate objective response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in this patient population. A phase 3 trial comparing sotorasib to docetaxel in the subsequent-line treatment of KRAS G12C non-small cell lung cancer is currently ongoing. There are other KRAS-targeted agents currently under study, including adagrasib, with growing interest in targeting KRAS downstream pathways. CONCLUSION: Further trials need to be conducted in order to identify other targeted agents for KRAS and the appropriate place in therapy among currently approved treatments for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Adulto , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Acetonitrilos , Mutación , Estudios Multicéntricos como AsuntoRESUMEN
DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes that stabilize DNA supercoiling and resolve entanglements. Topoisomerase inhibitors have been widely used as anti-cancer drugs for the past 20 years. Due to their selectivity as topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors that trap TOP1 cleavage complexes, camptothecin and its derivatives are promising anti-cancer drugs. To increase accumulation of TOP1 inhibitors in cancer cells through the targeting of tumors, TOP1 inhibitor antibody-drug conjugates (TOP1-ADC) have been developed and marketed. Some TOP1-ADCs have shown enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to prototypical anti-cancer ADCs, such as T-DM1. Here, we review various types of camptothecin-based TOP1 inhibitors and recent developments in TOP1-ADCs. We then propose key points for the design and construction of TOP1-ADCs. Finally, we discuss promising combinatorial strategies, including newly developed approaches to maximizing the therapeutic potential of TOP1-ADCs.
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Recent studies on the urine microbiome have highlighted the importance of the gut-vagina-bladder axis in recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI). In particular, the role of Gardnerella as a covert pathogen that activates E. coli in animal experiments has been reported. Herein, we conducted a human bladder microbiome study to investigate the effect of Gardnerella on rUTI. Urine 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing via transurethral catheterization was conducted in the normal control group (NC) (n = 18) and rUTI group (n = 78). The positive detection rate of Gardnerella species did not differ between the NC and rUTI groups (22.2% vs. 18.0%, p = 0.677). In addition, the Gardnerella-positive NC and Gardnerella-positive rUTI groups showed similar levels of microbiome diversity. The Gardnerella-positive group was categorized into three subgroups: the Escherichia-dominant group, Gardnerella-dominant group, and Lactobacillus-dominant group. All of the Escherichia-dominant groups were associated with rUTI. The Gardnerella-dominant or Lactobacillus-dominant groups expressed rUTI with symptoms when risk factors such as the degree of Gardnerella proliferation or causative agents of bacterial vaginosis were present. The presence of Gardnerella in the urine is considered to be related to rUTI depending on other risk factors. New guideline recommendations regarding antibiotic selection based on a novel method to detect the cause of rUTI may be required to reduce antibiotic resistance.
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Mitochondrial fission is critically important for controlling mitochondrial morphology, function, quality and transport. Drp1 is the master regulator driving mitochondrial fission, but exactly how Drp1 is regulated remains unclear. Here, we identified Drosophila Clueless and its mammalian orthologue CLUH as key regulators of Drp1. As with loss of drp1, depletion of clueless or CLUH results in mitochondrial elongation, while as with drp1 overexpression, clueless or CLUH overexpression leads to mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, drp1 overexpression rescues adult lethality, tissue disintegration and mitochondrial defects of clueless null mutants in Drosophila. Mechanistically, Clueless and CLUH promote recruitment of Drp1 to mitochondria from the cytosol. This involves CLUH binding to mRNAs encoding Drp1 receptors MiD49 and Mff, and regulation of their translation. Our findings identify a crucial role of Clueless and CLUH in controlling mitochondrial fission through regulation of Drp1.
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Dinaminas , Dinámicas Mitocondriales , Animales , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Drosophila/metabolismo , Dinaminas/genética , Dinaminas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/genética , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Dinámicas Mitocondriales/fisiología , Proteínas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Factores de Elongación de Péptidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming essential in the fields of precision oncology. With implementation of NGS in daily clinic, the needs for continued education, facilitated interpretation of NGS results and optimal treatment delivery based on NGS results have been addressed. Molecular tumor board (MTB) is multidisciplinary approach to keep pace with the growing knowledge of complex molecular alterations in patients with advanced solid cancer. Although guidelines for NGS use and MTB have been developed in western countries, there is limitation for reflection of Korea's public health environment and daily clinical practice. These recommendations provide a critical guidance from NGS panel testing to final treatment decision based on MTB discussion.