Mesenchymal stromal cells restrain the Th17 cell response via L-amino-acid oxidase within lymph nodes.

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) have emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for treating autoimmune diseases, eliciting considerable interest and discussion regarding their underlying mechanisms. This study revealed the distinctive ability of human umbilical cord MSC to aggregate within the lymph nodes of mice afflicted with autoimmune diseases, but this phenomenon was not observed in healthy mice. The specific distribution is driven by the heightened expression of the CCL21-CCR7 axis in mice with autoimmune diseases, facilitating the targeted homing of MSC to the lymph nodes. Within the lymph nodes, MSC exhibit a remarkable capacity to modulate Th17 cell function, exerting a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Transplanted MSC stimulates the secretion of L-amino-acid oxidase (LAAO), a response triggered by elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice with autoimmune diseases through the NF-κB pathway. The presence of LAAO is indispensable for the efficacy of MSC, as it significantly contributes to the inhibition of Th17 cells. Furthermore, LAAO-derived indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3P) serves as a potent suppressor of Th17 cells by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway. These findings advance our understanding of the global immunomodulatory effects exerted by MSC, providing valuable information for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

S100A4 mediates the accumulation and functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via GP130/JAK2/STAT3 signaling in acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an immunosuppressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. An immunosuppressive microenvironment blunts AML therapy. However, the prognostic and therapeutic roles of the factors that mediate immunosuppression in AML remain elusive. METHODS: S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) was identified as an immunosuppression-mediating factor by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas AML project (TCGA-LAML) transcriptome data and data from AML-bearing mice and AML patients. The S100A4-mediated signaling pathway in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) was evaluated. RESULTS: Elevated S100A4 expression was positively associated with worse survival of AML patients, MDSCs, macrophages and immune checkpoints. S100A4 silencing downregulated the expression levels of MDSC-associated CD14, CCR2 and CCL2, reduced MDSC expansion and impaired MDSC-mediated inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation. S100A4-based prognostic signature (SPS) was an independent risk factor for AML patients. The high-risk group based on SPS was not only associated with adverse survival, MDSCs and macrophages and immune checkpoints but also insensitive to 25 chemotherapy drugs. It was also found that CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB) mediated S100A4 transcription. CEBPB silencing downregulated the expression levels of MDSC-associated CD14, CCR2 and CCL2. Mechanistically, S100A4 activated GP130/JAK2/STAT3 signaling in MDSCs by interacting with the cytokine-binding domain of GP130. Moreover, S100A4 mediated MDSC expansion through JAK2/STAT3 signaling. CONCLUSION: This study uncovers the critical role of S100A4 in MDSC accumulation, and S100A4-based prognostic signature may guide chemotherapy sensitivity in patients with AML.

Exosomal SLC16A1-AS1-induced M2 macrophages polarization facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

Macrophages are the most abundant alternative immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells provides an important shelter for the occurrence and development of tumors. As an important information transfer medium, exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication. Nonetheless, how exosomal lncRNAs coordinate the communication between tumor cells and immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is incompletely understood. We found that HCC exosomes-derived antisense RNA of SLC16A1(SLC16A1-AS1) promoted the malignant progression of HCC by regulating macrophage M2-type polarization. Mechanistically, the HCC exosomal SLC16A1-AS1 enhanced mRNA stabilization of SLC16A1 in macrophage by promoting the interaction between 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of SLC16A1 mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1). As a lactate transporter, SLC16A1 accelerated lactate influx and then activated c-Raf/ERK signaling to induce M2 polarization of macrophages. Reciprocally, M2 macrophages secreted IL-6 to activate STAT3 and then induce METTL3 transcription in HCC cells, which increasing m6A methylation and stabilization of SLC16A1-AS1. In turn, the reciprocal SLC16A1-AS1/IL-6 signaling between HCC cells and M2 macrophages promoted the proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of HCC cells. Our study highlights that exosomal SLC16A1-AS1 acts as a signaling message that induces lactate-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages, and implies that SLC16A1-AS1 might be an applicable target for therapeutic treatment of HCC.

High-dose radiation-induced immunogenic cell death of bladder cancer cells leads to dendritic cell activation.

Radiotherapy is a commonly used method in the treatment of bladder cancers (BC). Radiation-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) is related to the immune response against cancers and their prognoses. Even though dendritic cells (DC) act as powerful antigen-presenting cells in the body, their precise role in this ICD process remains unclear. Accordingly, an in vitro study was undertaken to ascertain whether high-dose radiation-induced ICD of BC cells could regulate the immune response of DC. The results indicated that high-dose radiation treatments of BC cells significantly increased their levels of apoptosis, blocked their cell cycle in the G2/M phase, increased their expression of ICD-related proteins, and upregulated their secretion of CCL5 and CCL21 which control the directed migration of DC. It was also noted that expression of CD80, CD86, CCR5, and CCR7 on DC was upregulated in the medium containing the irradiated cells. In conclusion, the present findings illustrate that high-dose radiation can induce the occurrence of ICD within BC cells, concomitantly resulting in the activation of DC. Such findings could be of great significance in increasing the understanding how radiotherapy of BC may work to bring about reductions in cell activity and how these processes in turn lead to immunoregulation of the function of DC.

A Self-Powered, Skin Adhesive, and Flexible Human-Machine Interface Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Human-machine interactions (HMIs) have penetrated into various academic and industrial fields, such as robotics, virtual reality, and wearable electronics. However, the practical application of most human-machine interfaces faces notable obstacles due to their complex structure and materials, high power consumption, limited effective skin adhesion, and high cost. Herein, we report a self-powered, skin adhesive, and flexible human-machine interface based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (SSFHMI). Characterized by its simple structure and low cost, the SSFHMI can easily convert touch stimuli into a stable electrical signal at the trigger pressure from a finger touch, without requiring an external power supply. A skeleton spacer has been specially designed in order to increase the stability and homogeneity of the output signals of each TENG unit and prevent crosstalk between them. Moreover, we constructed a hydrogel adhesive interface with skin-adhesive properties to adapt to easy wear on complex human body surfaces. By integrating the SSFHMI with a microcontroller, a programmable touch operation platform has been constructed that is capable of multiple interactions. These include medical calling, music media playback, security unlocking, and electronic piano playing. This self-powered, cost-effective SSFHMI holds potential relevance for the next generation of highly integrated and sustainable portable smart electronic products and applications.

CD248-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts induce non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via Hippo pathway-mediated extracellular matrix stiffness.

Metastasis is a crucial stage in tumour progression, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) support metastasis through their participation in extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. CD248 is a possible biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-derived CAFs, but its role in mediating ECM stiffness to promote NSCLC metastasis is unknown. We investigated the significance of CD248+ CAFs in activating the Hippo axis and promoting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which affects the stromal collagen I environment and improves ECM stiffness, thereby facilitating NSCLC metastasis. In this study, we found that higher levels of CD248 in CAFs induced the formation of collagen I, which in turn increased extracellular matrix stiffness, thereby enabling NSCLC cell infiltration and migration. Hippo axis activation by CD248+ CAFs induces CTGF expression, which facilitates the formation of the collagen I milieu in the stromal matrix. In a tumour lung metastasis model utilizing fibroblast-specific CD248 gene knockout mice, CD248 gene knockout mice showed a significantly reduced ability to develop tumour lung metastasis compared to that of WT mice. Our findings demonstrate that CD248+ CAFs activate the Hippo pathway, thereby inducing CTGF expression, which in turn facilitates the collagen I milieu of the stromal matrix, which promotes NSCLC metastasis.

Mesenteric lymph nodes: a critical site for the up-regulatory effect of hUC-MSCs on Treg cells by producing TGF-ß1 in colitis treatment.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate a wide range of therapeutic capabilities in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intraperitoneal injection of MSCs has exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy on IBD than intravenous injection. Nevertheless, the precise in vivo distribution of MSCs and their biological consequences following intraperitoneal injection remain inadequately understood. Additional studies are required to explore the correlation between MSCs distribution and their biological effects. METHODS: First, the distribution of human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) and the numbers of Treg and Th17 cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were analyzed after intraperitoneal injection of hUC-MSCs. Subsequently, the investigation focused on the levels of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-ß1), a key cytokine to the biology of both Treg and Th17 cells, in tissues of mice with colitis, particularly in MLNs. The study also delved into the impact of hUC-MSCs therapy on Treg cell counts in MLNs, as well as the consequence of TGFB1 knockdown hUC-MSCs on the differentiation of Treg cells and the treatment of IBD. RESULTS: The therapeutic effectiveness of intraperitoneally administered hUC-MSCs in the treatment of colitis was found to be significant, which was closely related to their quick migration to MLNs and secretion of TGF-ß1. The abundance of hUC-MSCs in MLNs of colitis mice is much higher than that in other organs even the inflamed sites of colon. Intraperitoneal injection of hUC-MSCs led to a significant increase in the number of Treg cells and a decrease in Th17 cells especially in MLNs. Furthermore, the concentration of TGF-ß1, the key cytokine for Treg differentiation, were also found to be significantly elevated in MLNs after hUC-MSCs treatment. Knockdown of TGFB1 in hUC-MSCs resulted in a noticeable reduction of Treg cells in MLNs and the eventually failure of hUC-MSCs therapy in colitis. CONCLUSIONS: MLNs may be a critical site for the regulatory effect of hUC-MSCs on Treg/Th17 cells and the therapeutic effect on colitis. TGF-ß1 derived from hUC-MSCs promotes local Treg differentiation in MLNs. This study will provide new ideas for the development of MSC-based therapeutic strategies in IBD patients.

Progress and prospects of biomarker-based targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer represent the leading cause of tumor-related death worldwide. Although advances in immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy have expanded treatment options, they have not significantly altered the prognosis for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer. A minority of patients, particularly those with PD-L1-positive, HER-2-positive, or MSI-high tumors, may benefit more from immune checkpoint inhibitors and/or HER-2-directed therapies in advanced stages. However, for those lacking specific targets and unique molecular features, conventional chemotherapy remains the only recommended effective and durable regimen. In this review, we summarize the roles of various signaling pathways and further investigate the available targets. Then, the current results of phase II/III clinical trials in advanced gastric cancer, along with the superiorities and limitations of the existing biomarkers, are specifically discussed. Finally, we will offer our insights in precision treatment pattern when encountering the substantial challenges.

Intratumoral injection of mRNA encoding survivin in combination with STAT3 inhibitor stattic enhances antitumor effects.

Intratumoral delivery of mRNA encoding immunostimulatory molecules can initiate a robust, global antitumor response with little side effects by enhancing local antigen presentation in the tumor and the tumor draining lymph node. Neoantigen-based mRNA nanovaccine can inhibit melanoma growth in mice by intratumoral injection. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) suppress antitumor immune responses by secreting immunosuppressive agents, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Suppression of STAT3 activity by stattic may reduce MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in the TME and promote the antitumor immune responses. In this study, in vitro transcribed mRNA encoding tumor antigen survivin was prepared and injected intratumorally in BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous colon cancer tumors. In vivo studies demonstrated that intratumoral survivin mRNA therapy could induce antitumor T cell response and inhibit tumor growth of colon cancer. Depletion of CD8+ T cells could significantly inhibit survivin mRNA-induced antitumor effects. RT-qPCR and ELISA analysis indicated that survivin mRNA treatment led to increased expression of receptor activator nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In vitro experiment showed that MDSCs could be induced from mouse bone marrow cells by RANKL and RANKL-induced MDSCs could produce high level of ROS. STAT3 inhibitor stattic suppressed activation of STAT3 and NF-κB signals, thereby inhibiting expansion of RANKL-induced MDSCs. Combination therapy of survivin mRNA and stattic could significantly enhance antitumor T cell response, improve long-term survival and reduce immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment compared to each monotherapy. In addition, combined therapy resulted in a significantly reduced level of tumor cell proliferation and an obviously increased level of tumor cell apoptosis in CT26 colon cancer-bearing mice, which could be conducive to inhibit the tumor growth and lead to immune responses to released tumor-associated antigens. These studies explored intratumoral mRNA therapy and mRNA-based combined therapy to treat colon cancer and provide a new idea for cancer therapy.

CD248-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer via inducing M2-polarized macrophages.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-originating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing CD248 regulate interaction with immune cells to accelerate cancer progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key feature of metastatic cells. In our pervious study, we found that CD248+CAFs activated M2-polarized macrophages, enhancing the progression of NSCLC. However, it is yet unclear how CD248+CAFs inducing M2-polarized macrophages induce EMT program in NSCLC cells. Herein, we examined CD248 expression from CAFs derived from NSCLC patient tumour tissues. Furthermore, we determined the influence of CD248 knock down CAFs on macrophages polarization. Next, we explored the influences of CD248-harboring CAFs-mediated M2 macrophage polarization to promote NSCLC cells EMT in vitro. We constructed fibroblasts specific CD248 gene knock out mice to examine the significance of CD248-harboring CAFs-induced M2-polarized macrophages to promote NSCLC cells EMT in vivo. Based on our analysis, CD248 is ubiquitously expressed within NSCLC-originating CAFs. CD248+CAFs mediated macrophages polarized to M2 type macrophages. CD248+CAFs induced M2 macrophage polarization to enhance NSCLC cells EMT both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that CD248-harboring CAFs promote NSCLC cells EMT by regulating M2-polarized macrophages.

ß-Lactoglobulin-based aerogels: Facile preparation and sustainable removal of organic contaminants from water.

Economically and efficiently removing organic pollutants from water is still a challenge in wastewater treatment. Utilizing environmentally friendly and readily available protein-based natural polymers to develop aerogels with effective removal performance and sustainable regeneration capability is a promising strategy for adsorbent design. Here, a robust and cost-effective method using inexpensive ß-lactoglobulin (BLG) as raw material was proposed to fabricate BLG-based aerogels. Firstly, photocurable BLG-based polymers were synthesized by grafting glycidyl methacrylate. Then, a cross-linking reaction, including photo-crosslinking and salting-out treatment, was applied to prepared BLG-based hydrogels. Finally, the BLG-based aerogels with high porosity and ultralight weight were obtained after freeze-drying. The outcomes revealed that the biocompatible BLG-based aerogels exhibited effective removal performance for a variety of organic pollutants under perfectly quiescent conditions, and could be regenerated and reused many times via a simple and rapid process of acid washing and centrifugation. Overall, this work not only demonstrates that BLG-based aerogels are promising adsorbents for water purification but also provides a potential way for the sustainable utilization of BLG.

Unveiling the Nature and Strength of Selenium-Centered Chalcogen Bonds in Binary Complexes of SeO2 with Oxygen-/Sulfur-Containing Lewis Bases: Insights from Theoretical Calculations.

Among various non-covalent interactions, selenium-centered chalcogen bonds (SeChBs) have garnered considerable attention in recent years as a result of their important contributions to crystal engineering, organocatalysis, molecular recognition, materials science, and biological systems. Herein, we systematically investigated π-hole-type Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs in the binary complexes of SeO2 with a series of O-/S-containing Lewis bases by means of high-level ab initio computations. The results demonstrate that there exists an attractive interaction between the Se atom of SeO2 and the O/S atom of Lewis bases. The interaction energies computed at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level range from -4.68 kcal/mol to -10.83 kcal/mol for the Se∙∙∙O chalcogen-bonded complexes and vary between -3.53 kcal/mol and -13.77 kcal/mol for the Se∙∙∙S chalcogen-bonded complexes. The Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs exhibit a relatively short binding distance in comparison to the sum of the van der Waals radii of two chalcogen atoms. The Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs in all of the studied complexes show significant strength and a closed-shell nature, with a partially covalent character in most cases. Furthermore, the strength of these Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs generally surpasses that of the C/O-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds within the same complex. It should be noted that additional C/O-H∙∙∙O interactions have a large effect on the geometric structures and strength of Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs. Two subunits are connected together mainly via the orbital interaction between the lone pair of O/S atoms in the Lewis bases and the BD*(OSe) anti-bonding orbital of SeO2, except for the SeO2∙∙∙HCSOH complex. The electrostatic component emerges as the largest attractive contributor for stabilizing the examined complexes, with significant contributions from induction and dispersion components as well.

Pediococcus pentosaceus ZZ61 enhances growth performance and pathogenic resistance of silkworm Bombyx mori by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites.

Probiotics have attracted considerable attention in animal husbandry due to their positive effect on animal growth and health. This study aimed to screen candidate probiotic strain promoting the growth and health of silkworm and reveal the potential mechanisms. A novel probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus strain (ZZ61) substantially promoted body weight gain, feed efficiency, and silk yield. These effects were likely mediated by changes in the intestinal digestive enzyme activity and nutrient provisioning (e.g., B vitamins) of the host, improving nutrient digestion and assimilation. Additionally, P. pentosaceus produced antimicrobial compounds and increased the antioxidant capacity to protect the host against pathogenic infection. Furthermore, P. pentosaceus affected the gut microbiome and altered the levels of gut metabolites (e.g., glycine and glycerophospholipids), which in turn promotes host nutrition and health. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the interactions between probiotic and host and promotes probiotic utilization in sericulture.

Porous Hydrogels for Immunomodulatory Applications.

Cancer immunotherapy relies on the insight that the immune system can be used to defend against malignant cells. The aim of cancer immunotherapy is to utilize, modulate, activate, and train the immune system to amplify antitumor T-cell immunity. In parallel, the immune system response to damaged tissue is also crucial in determining the success or failure of an implant. Due to their extracellular matrix mimetics and tunable chemical or physical performance, hydrogels are promising platforms for building immunomodulatory microenvironments for realizing cancer therapy and tissue regeneration. However, submicron or nanosized pore structures within hydrogels are not favorable for modulating immune cell function, such as cell invasion, migration, and immunophenotype. In contrast, hydrogels with a porous structure not only allow for nutrient transportation and metabolite discharge but also offer more space for realizing cell function. In this review, the design strategies and influencing factors of porous hydrogels for cancer therapy and tissue regeneration are first discussed. Second, the immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic outcomes of different porous hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy and tissue regeneration are highlighted. Beyond that, this review highlights the effects of pore size on immune function and potential signal transduction. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives of immunomodulatory porous hydrogels are discussed.

Determination and Characterization of Novel Papillomavirus and Parvovirus Associated with Mass Mortality of Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in China.

A massive mortality event concerning farmed Chinese tongue soles occurred in Tianjin, China, and the causative agent remains unknown. Here, a novel Cynoglossus semilaevis papillomavirus (CsPaV) and parvovirus (CsPV) were simultaneously isolated and identified from diseased fish via electron microscopy, virus isolation, genome sequencing, experimental challenges, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Electron microscopy showed large numbers of virus particles present in the tissues of diseased fish. Viruses that were isolated and propagated in flounder gill cells (FG) induced typical cytopathic effects (CPE). The cumulative mortality of fish given intraperitoneal injections reached 100% at 7 dpi. The complete genomes of CsPaV and CsPV comprised 5939 bp and 3663 bp, respectively, and the genomes shared no nucleotide sequence similarities with other viruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on the L1 and NS1 protein sequences revealed that CsPaV and CsPV were novel members of the Papillomaviridae and Parvoviridae families. The FISH results showed positive signals in the spleen tissues of infected fish, and both viruses could co-infect single cells. This study represents the first report where novel papillomavirus and parvovirus are identified in farmed marine cultured fish, and it provides a basis for further studies on the prevention and treatment of emerging viral diseases.

Sensitive and rapid identification of pathogens by droplet digital PCR in a cohort of septic patients: a prospective diagnostic study.

BACKGROUND: There is a critical need for a rapid and sensitive pathogen detection method for septic patients. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in identifying pathogens among suspected septic patients. METHODS: We conducted a prospective pilot diagnostic study to clinically validate the multiplex ddPCR panel in diagnosing suspected septic patients. A total of 100 sepsis episodes of 89 patients were included in the study. RESULTS: In comparison to blood culture, the ddPCR panel exhibited an overall sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 69.7%, ddPCR yielded an additional detection rate of 17.0% for sepsis cases overall, with a turnaround time of 2.5 h. The sensitivity of ddPCR in the empirical antibiotic treatment and the non-empirical antibiotic treatment group were 78.6% versus 80.0% (p > 0.05). Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in a total of 13 samples. Whenever ddPCR detected the genes beta-lactamase-Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (blaKPC) or beta-lactamase-New Delhi metallo (blaNDM), these findings corresponded to the cultivation of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Dynamic ddPCR monitoring revealed a consistent alignment between the quantitative ddPCR results and the trends observed in C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to blood culture, ddPCR exhibited higher sensitivity for pathogen diagnosis in suspected septic patients, and it provided pathogen and drug resistance information in a shorter time. The quantitative results of ddPCR generally aligned with the trends seen in C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels, indicating that ddPCR can serve as a dynamic monitoring tool for pathogen load in septic patients.

The m6A modification-mediated positive feedback between glycolytic lncRNA SLC2A1-DT and c-Myc promotes tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Glycolysis exerts a key role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer. Specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to exhibit oncogenic glycolysis regulation. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which glycolysis-related lncRNAs control hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unknown. We profiled and analyzed glycolysis-associated lncRNA signatures using HCC specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Considerable upregulation of the glycolysis-related lncRNA SLC2A1-DT was noted in HCC tissues; this upregulation was strongly linked with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis. Cell culture and animal-related studies indicated that knockdown or overexpression of SLC2A1-DT obviously restrained or promoted glycolysis, propagation, and metastasis in HCC cells. Mechanistically, SLC2A1-DT enhanced the interaction of protein between ß-catenin and YWHAZ, suppressing the binding between ß-catenin and ß-TrCP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Thereby, SLC2A1-DT impeded the ß-TrCP-dependent ubiquitination and ß-catenin degradation. The upregulated ß-catenin activated the transcription of c-Myc, which then increased the transcription of glycolytic genes including SLC2A1, LDHA, and HK2. Additionally, we revealed that c-Myc transcriptionally induced the expression of methyltransferase 3 (METTL3), which increased N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and stability of SLC2A1-DT in a YTHDF1 dependent manner. Collectively, we show that the lncRNA SLC2A1-DT promotes glycolysis and HCC tumorigenesis by a m6A modification-mediated positive feedback mechanism with glycolytic regulator c-Myc and suggested as an innovative treatment option and indicator for HCC.

tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 interacts with FUBP1 to promote pancreatic cancer metastasis by activating c­MYC transcription.

Cumulative studies have established the significance of transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) in tumorigenesis and progression. Nevertheless, its function and mechanism in pancreatic cancer metastasis remain largely unclear. Here, we screened and identified tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 as highly expressed in pancreatic cancer metastasis samples by tsRNA sequencing. We also observed elevated levels of tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 in the serum of pancreatic cancer patients who developed metastasis, and patients with high levels of tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 exhibited a worse prognosis. Additionally, knockdown of tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 inhibited the metastasis of pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro, while overexpression of tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 promoted the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Mechanically, we discovered that tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 interacts with FUBP1, leading to enhanced stability of FUBP1 protein and increased FUBP1 enrichment in the c-MYC promoter region, thereby boosting the transcription of c-MYC. Of note, rescue experiments confirmed that tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 could influence pancreatic cancer metastasis via FUBP1-mediated c-MYC transcription. These findings highlight a potential novel mechanism underlying pancreatic cancer metastasis, and suggest that both tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 and FUBP1 could serve as promising prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.

A new phenolic compound from Persicaria capitata.

Persicaria capitata was a frequently used Hmong medicinal flora in China. In this study, one new phenolic compound, capitaone A (1) together with 20 known ones, were isolated from the whole herb of P. capitata. Among them, 7 components (4, 9-11, 15-16, 20-21) were discovered from P. capitata for the first time. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectrum. Furthermore, three compounds (15, 20, 21) displayed remarkable cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines (A549 and HepG2).