[Results of a two-year clinical study of myopia control with bifocal defocus-inducing soft contact lenses]. / Rezul'taty dvukhletnego klinicheskogo issledovaniya kontrolya miopii s pomoshch'yu bifokal'nykh defokusnykh myagkikh kontaktnykh linz.

The development of methods for myopia control remains one of the most topical trends in modern ophthalmology. Optical approaches to myopia control employ the induction of peripheral myopic defocus, which can be done with the use of multifocal soft contact lenses (SCLs). PURPOSE: To review the results of a two-year multicenter clinical study of myopia control with bifocal defocus-inducing SCLs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The two-year study enrolled 100 patients aged 8 to 16 years who had mild or moderate bilateral myopia with spherical equivalent of (-)0.25 to (-)5.75 D. Based on the degree of myopia and the method of its correction, patients were divided into two main and two control groups. Multifocal SCLs with +4.0 D add power and monofocal SCLs were used for myopia correction. The results were evaluated by the clinical data of refraction, axial length and state of accommodation. The observation times were 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. RESULTS: After 12 months of bifocal SCLs usage, signs of stabilization of myopia progression were identified in 72 and 73.5% of subjects of both main groups, after 24 months - in 54 and 79.5% of subjects, respectively. Statistically significant reduction in axial elongation amounting to 87-88% was also observed in patients using bifocal SCLs. A significant increase in positive relative accommodation (PRA) was observed in all groups. CONCLUSION: The study indicates the effectiveness of bifocal soft contact lenses in slowing the progression of mild and moderate myopia.

[Modern views on myopic maculopathy]. / Sovremennyi vzgliad na miopicheskuiu makulopatiiu.

Most of world's scientists consider the fast-growing incidence of myopia a problem of great social importance due to associated increase in complicated myopia that leads to disability among the working-age population. This is a review on complicated myopia and myopic maculopathy that covers the history of research in this field, principles of classification, and etiological factors. It also deals with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which often follows, and its treatment options, including anti-VEGF therapy. Possible complications of the latter are described as well. Literature search was done using PubMed, eLIBRARY, and Scopus text databases. A total of 61 sources, both Russian and foreign, were analyzed. Current clinical knowledge of different types of myopic maculopathy is still insufficient and the gaps are likely to be filled using modern methods of detailed in vivo examination of both sclera and choroidea. Anti-VEGF therapy has proved most effective in treating myopic maculopathy-associated neovascularization, however, a systematic approach to patient selection and management is yet needed.

[Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography findings in central fundus of myopic patients].

UNLABELLED: Myopia prevalence grows alike in many countries, including Russia, regardless of geographical and population conditions. AIM: to assess fundus changes in myopic patients at different ocular axial lengths by means of modern diagnostic tools. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 97 patients (194 eyes) aged 45 ± 20.17 years with myopia of different degrees. Besides a standard ophthalmic examination, all patients underwent fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The occurrence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy (diffuse or focal) has been shown to increase with increasing ocular axial length. Only 27 eyes (28.1%) appeared intact. As myopia progression implies axial growth of the eye, it is associated with a more severe decrease in choroid, RPE, and photoreceptor layer thicknesses: the longer the anterior-posterior axis, the thinner the above mentioned fundus structures. Age-related changes in the fundus are also likely to be more pronounced in longer axes. Myopic traction maculopathy, which in our case appeared the main cause of increased retinal thickness, was diagnosed in 105 eyes, "outer" macular retinoschisis--in 40 eyes. CONCLUSION: Thus, modern diagnostic tools, such as fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography, enable objective assessment of the central fundus.