Ligilactobacillus salivarius XP132 with antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities inhibits horizontal and vertical transmission of Salmonella Pullorum in chickens.

Probiotics are increasingly recognized for their capacity to combat pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we isolated a strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius XP132 from the gut microbiota of healthy chickens. This strain exhibited resistance to low pH and bile salts, auto-aggregation capabilities, and the ability to co-aggregate with pathogenic Salmonella. The in vitro antibacterial activity of Ligilactobacillus salivarius XP132 was tested using an Oxford cup antibacterial test, and the results showed that Ligilactobacillus salivarius XP132 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with especially strong antibacterial activity against Salmonella. In animal experiments with white feather broilers and specific-pathogens-free (SPF) chickens, we orally administered 1 × 109 CFU XP132 live bacteria per chicken per day, and detected the content of Salmonella in the liver, spleen, intestinal contents, and eggs of the chickens by RT-qPCR. Oral administration of Lactobacillus salivarius XP132 group significantly reduced the levels of Salmonella in chicken liver, spleen, intestinal contents and eggs, and the oral administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius XP132 significantly inhibited the horizontal and vertical transmission of Salmonella in SPF chickens and white-feathered broilers. After oral administration of XP132, the production of chicken serum anti-infective cytokine IFN-γ was also significantly up-regulated, thereby enhancing the host's ability to resist infection. In addition, the production of various serum inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, was down-regulated, leading to significant amelioration of the inflammatory response induced by S. Pullorum in chickens. These findings suggest that Ligilactobacillus salivarius XP132 possesses potent antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties that effectively prevent both horizontal and vertical transmission of Salmonella Pullorum, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for the prevention and control of Salmonella disease.

The value of home-uroflowmetry in evaluation of voiding function in children with overactive bladder.

INTRODUCTION: Overactive bladder (OAB) in children is clinically common and seriously affects the physical and mental health of children. The voiding frequency (VF) is an important basis for the diagnosis of OAB. The emergence of home-uroflowmetry (HUF) has allowed the patients to record the VF while recording the uroflowmetry at home, and the voiding at home can show the real voiding situation. However, the use of HUF to assess OAB in children and its clinical significance has not been reported in the literature. Thus, this study investigate the value of HUF in evaluation of voiding function in children with OAB and survey the VF of healthy children in Mainland China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2021 to July 2023, 52 children with OAB aged 7-10 years, 48 age-matched volunteers (control group) accepted HUF. Daytime VF and nighttime VF, voided volume (VV) per time, 24-h voided volume (24h-VV), maximum flow rate (Qmax), voiding time (VT), and uroflow pattern were recorded and compute corrected maximum urine flow rate (cQmax). VF in 600 health pupils (7-10 years) from five primary schools in Henan Province China were selected for questionnaire survey by cross-sectional survey and multi-stage sampling methods. RESULTS: 52 children with OAB and 48 healthy children completed the available 48-h HUF recordings. 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime VF, and cQmax were higher in the OAB group than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, average VV, Qmax, and VT were lower in the OAB group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in 24h-VV between two groups (P > 0.05). A total of 502 questionnaires qualified for statistical analysis, and the 24h-VF was 6.3 ± 0.95 times, daytime VF was 5.6 ± 0.89 times, and nighttime VF was 0.7 ± 0.59 times. There was no significant difference in the comparison of 24-h, daytime, and nighttime VF between boys and girls and in the comparison of VF by age (P > 0.05). Compared with the results of the questionnaire, the difference of VF in HUF control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The VF in children is similar to that of adults and the HUF is a useful tool with the ability to more realistically record changes in voiding function in children with OAB.

Multimodal Eye Imaging, Retina Characteristics, and Psychological Assessment Dataset.

The eyes provide insights into psychology, potentially offering a distinctive perspective for psychological health profiles. However, there exist a notable deficiency in datasets that simultaneously encompass eye features and psychological assessments. To address this gap, our study presents a dataset that included Fundus Photography, Psychological Assessment, Retina Characteristics, and Multimodal Imaging (FPRM). FPRM dataset comprise fundus images at different wavelengths (548 nm and 605 nm), image of oxygen saturation for the retina and 8 specific retinal vessels, videos of retinal blood flow and pupillary light reflex, along with 61 items of multimodal quantitative measurement from 384 participants. Additionally, it features psychological assessments across five dimensions (geriatric depression, generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, activities of daily living, and deterioration), accompanied by fundus photographs and 6 items of retina characteristics from 1683 participants. FPRM dataset is the first to integrate multimodal ophthalmic data and psychological assessments, not only advancing the development of machine learning applications but also facilitating in-depth research into the relationship between eye health and psychological health profiles.

Genetic predicted causal inferences between antioxidants and birth weight.

Observational studies have suggested a relationship between antioxidants and birth weight. However, the causal association remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causal relationship between antioxidants and birth weight. Genome wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 4 endogenous and 7 exogenous antioxidants, as well as birth weight were obtained from GWAS studies and UK biobank. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted with fixed-effects model inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary analytical method, while MR Egger and weighted median used as auxiliary. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the results. The MR results revealed that genetically predicted higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) (ß = 0.025; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.043; p = 0.005) and zinc (ß = 0.030; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.047; p = 0.001) levels were associated with higher birth weight. Sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the MR results. Our study reinforced the existing evidence supporting a significant positive association between SOD and zinc with birth weight, providing new genetic evidence for antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy to prevent low birth weight infants. Further deeper comprehension studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Assessing the Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of Upper Limbs in Basketball Athletes: A Sensor-Based Study of Rapid Stretch Compound and Blood Flow Restriction Training.

OBJECTIVE: This study introduces a novel methodology combining rapid stretch compound training with blood flow restriction (BFR) to investigate post activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in basketball players, a field that has been predominantly explored for lower limbs. We aimed to assess the efficacy of this combined approach on upper limb muscle performance in athletes. METHODS: We employed a randomized, self-controlled crossover trial with ten male basketball players. The bench press throw (BPT) served as the primary metric, with players undergoing four interventions post-baseline: (1) STR-plyometric training; (2) BFR-blood flow restriction; (3) COMB-STR integrated with BFR; and (4) CON-control. Innovatively, we utilized an intelligent tracking sensor to precisely measure peak power (PP), peak velocity (PV), mean power (MP), and mean velocity (MV) at 4, 8, and 12 min post-intervention, providing a detailed temporal analysis of PAPE. RESULTS: The COMB intervention demonstrated superior PAPE effects at 4 min, significantly outperforming STR and BFR alone and the control group across all measured indices (p < 0.05). Notably, the COMB group maintained these improvements for PV, PP, and H up to 12 min post-intervention, suggesting a prolonged effect. CONCLUSION: (1) The COMB stimulation has been shown to successfully induce PAPE more effectively than STR and BFR modality alone. (2) It appears that the optimal effects of PAPE are achieved within 4 min of exercising under this COMB. By the 12 min mark, only the COMB group continued to show significant improvements in PV, PP, and H compared to both the baseline and the CON group, while the effects in the STR and BFR groups further diminished. This suggests that although the PAPE effect is maintained over time, its optimal performance may peak at the 4 min mark and then gradually weaken as time progresses.

Genome-Wide Identification and Interaction Analysis of Turbot Heat Shock Protein 40 and 70 Families Suggest the Mechanism of Chaperone Proteins Involved in Immune Response after Bacterial Infection.

Hsp40-Hsp70 typically function in concert as molecular chaperones, and their roles in post-infection immune responses are increasingly recognized. However, in the economically important fish species Scophthalmus maximus (turbot), there is still a lack in the systematic identification, interaction models, and binding site analysis of these proteins. Herein, 62 Hsp40 genes and 16 Hsp70 genes were identified in the turbot at a genome-wide level and were unevenly distributed on 22 chromosomes through chromosomal distribution analysis. Phylogenetic and syntenic analysis provided strong evidence in supporting the orthologies and paralogies of these HSPs. Protein-protein interaction and expression analysis was conducted to predict the expression profile after challenging with Aeromonas salmonicida. dnajb1b and hspa1a were found to have a co-expression trend under infection stresses. Molecular docking was performed using Auto-Dock Tool and PyMOL for this pair of chaperone proteins. It was discovered that in addition to the interaction sites in the J domain, the carboxyl-terminal domain of Hsp40 also plays a crucial role in its interaction with Hsp70. This is important for the mechanistic understanding of the Hsp40-Hsp70 chaperone system, providing a theoretical basis for turbot disease resistance breeding, and effective value for the prevention of certain diseases in turbot.

Exploring potential causal links between air pollutants and congenital malformations: A two-sample Mendelian Randomization study.

Observational studies have suggested an association between air pollutants and congenital malformations; however, conclusions are inconsistent and the causal associations have not been elucidated. In this study, based on publicly available genetic data, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to explore the associations between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), NOX, NO2 levels and 11 congenital malformations. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and weighted median were used as analytical methods, with IVW being the main method. A series of sensitivity analyses were used to verify the robustness of the results. For significant associations, multivariable MR (MVMR) was utilized to explore possible mediating effects. The IVW results showed that PM2.5 was associated with congenital malformations of digestive system (OR = 7.72, 95 %CI = 2.33-25.54, P = 8.11E-4) and multiple systems (OR = 8.63, 95 %CI = 1.02-73.43, P = 0.048) risks; NOX was associated with circulatory system (OR = 4.65, 95 %CI = 1.15-18.86, P = 0.031) and cardiac septal defects (OR = 14.09, 95 %CI = 1.62-122.59, P = 0.017) risks; NO2 was correlated with digestive system (OR = 27.12, 95 %CI = 1.81-407.07, P = 0.017) and cardiac septal defects (OR = 22.57, 95 %CI = 2.50-203.45, P = 0.005) risks. Further MVMR analyses suggest that there may be interactions in the effects of these air pollutants on congenital malformations. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a causal association between air pollution and congenital malformations from a genetic perspective.

Predicting surgical efficacy and diagnosing histological inflammation: the clinical significance of prostate exosome proteins in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among the aging male population. Recent studies have shown that histological inflammation (HI) plays a significant role in BPH, with prostatic exosomal protein (PSEP) identified as a potential biomarker for prostate diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of HI on LUTS in patients with BPH, and to further explore the clinical value of PSEP as a diagnostic biomarker of BPH complicated with HI and whether PSEP could be used as an index to predict the improvement of LUTS after operation. Methods: This study was an open-label, cohort study. The study enrolled all patients who were clinical diagnosed as BPH with LUTS and prepared to receive operation of the prostate at the Department of Urology of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were used to evaluate the LUTS of the BPH. And the enrolled patients were divided into four groups, including none, mild HI, moderate HI, and severe HI, based on postoperative pathological results. Then the relationships between HI and IPSS, the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), as well as PSEP were analyzed. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed on the preoperative IPSS and the difference of IPSS before and after surgery was examined. SPSS software version 26 was used for statistical analysis and Prism 9.0 was used to make violin plots. Results: A total of 69 patients were enrolled in the study. The violin plot results indicated IPSS and NIH-CPSI scores exhibited significant increases in correlation with the severity levels of HI (P<0.001; P<0.001). Among BPH patients with total prostate-specific antigen (t-PSA) levels higher than 4.0 ng/mL, a significant correlation was observed between PSEP levels and HI (P=0.04). Besides, simple and multiple linear regression analysis showed that HI (P<0.001) or PSEP (P=0.03) was significantly associated with IPSS and improvement of LUTS, assessed by postoperative and preoperative IPSS differences. Conclusions: The study indicated that IPSS and PSEP (when t-PSA >4 ng/mL) were correlated with the severity of HI in patients with BPH. PSEP was linearly correlated with IPSS and the degree of reduction in IPSS after surgery. Consequently, PSEP may serve as a promising predictor for assessing surgical efficacy and diagnosing the severity of HI in patients with BPH.

Disentangling the "tip-effects" enhanced antibacterial mechanism of Ag nanoparticles.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) exhibit strong antibacterial activity and are widely used in industries such as medical, food and cosmetics. In this study, Ag nanospheres and Ag nanotriangles are selected as antibacterial agents to reveal the distinct mechanism of tip effects towards their antibacterial performance. A series of antibacterial experiments were implemented, including in situ monitoring as well as studying and determining the evolution of the inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, growth kinetics, bactericidal curve, bacterial morphologies and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ag nanotriangles can eradicate E. coli and S. aureus at extremely low concentrations in comparison to Ag nanospheres, in particular under sunlight irradiation. The destroyed bacterial cell walls were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Through the investigation of ROS production, the generation efficiency of ROS is improved by the merit of sunlight irradiation thanks to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of Ag NPs. However, a more significant improvement in ROS generation efficiency occurred in the presence of Ag nanotriangles contributed by the pronounced "tip effects". This study sheds light on the structure-performance relationship for the rational design of antibacterial agents.

Synthesis of 6/5/3-Fused Tricyclic Scaffolds via Multistep Cascade Cyclization of α-Aryl Vinylsulfoniums with para-Quinamines and para-Quinols.

Herein, we present a straightforward approach to access hydroindoline-5-one-based 6/5/3-fused polycyclic ring structures through multistep cascade reactions involving α-aryl vinylsulfoniums and para-quinamines. The reactions proceed smoothly under mild conditions to deliver the desired products in generally good isolated yields. This protocol is also applicable to the cascade cycloaddition reactions of α-aryl vinylsulfoniums and para-quinols, effectively generating complex tricyclic scaffolds. In addition, the scale-up synthesis and further derivatizations demonstrate the potential synthetic application of the protocol.

Research hotspots and trends of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023.

The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the development trend, research hotspots, and future development direction on the treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) with spinal cord stimulation through bibliometric method. We extracted the literature related to the treatment of NP with spinal cord stimulation from January 2004 to December 2023 from the Web of Science database. As a result, a total of 264 articles were retrieved. By analyzing the annual published articles, authors, countries, institutions, journals, co-cited literature, and keywords, we found that the count of publication in this field has been experiencing an overall growth, and the publications within the past 5 years accounted for 42% of the total output. Experts from the United States and the UK have made significant contributions in this field and established a stable collaborative team, initially establishing an international cooperation network. Pain is the frequently cited journal in this field. The study on spinal cord stimulation therapy for NP especially the study on spinal cord stimulation therapy for back surgery failure syndrome (FBSS) and its potential mechanisms are the research hotspots in this field, while the study on novel paradigms such as high-frequency spinal cord stimulation and spinal cord burst stimulation represents the future development directions. In short, spinal cord stimulation has been an effective treatment method for NP. The novel paradigms of spinal cord stimulation are the key point of future research in this field.

Performance and Mechanism of Co and Mn Loaded on Fe-Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts with Different Morphologies for Simultaneous Degradation of Acetone and NO by Photothermal Coupling.

VOCs can be used instead of ammonia as a reducing agent to remove NO, achieving the effect of removing VOCs and NO simultaneously. Due to the high energy consumption and low photocatalytic efficiency required for conventional thermocatalytic purification, photothermal coupled catalytic purification can integrate the advantages of photocatalysis and thermocatalysis in order to achieve the effect of pollutants being treated efficiently with a low energy consumption. In this study, samples loaded with Co and Mn catalysts were prepared using the hydrothermal method on Fe-MOF with various morphologies. The catalytic performance of each catalyst was analyzed by studying the effects of their physicochemical properties through various characterizations, including XRD, SEM, BET, XPS, H2-TPR, TEM and O2-TPD. The characterization results demonstrated that the specific surface area, pore volume, high valence Co and Mn atoms, surface adsorbed oxygen and the abundance of oxygen lattice defects in the catalysts were the most critical factors affecting the performance of the catalysts. Based on the results of the performance tests, the catalysts prepared with an octahedral-shaped Fe-MOF loaded with Co and Mn showed a better performance than those loaded with Co and Mn on a rod-shaped Fe-MOF. The conversions of acetone and NO reached 50% and 64%, respectively, at 240 °C. The results showed that the catalysts were capable of removing acetone and NO at the same time. Compared with the pure Fe-MOF without Co and Mn, the loaded catalysts showed a significantly higher ability to remove acetone and NO simultaneously under the combination of various factors. The key reaction steps for the catalytic conversion of acetone and NO on the catalyst surface were investigated according to the Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism, and a possible mechanism was proposed. This study presents a new idea for the simultaneous removal of acetone and NOx by photothermal coupling.

Effect of long-term dosage of hydrazine on mainstream anammox process: Biofilm characteristics and microbial community.

The impact of the long-term trace hydrazine (N2H4) exogenous supplementation on activity of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm was investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for mainstream wastewater treatment. The results of this study demonstrated that the addition of 2-5 mg/L N2H4 enhanced anammox biofilm activity, as evidenced by the augmented nitrogen removal rate (NRR), which increased from 113.4 g/(m3·d) to 126.7 g/(m3·d) with the introduction of 2 mg/L N2H4. However, a higher concentration of N2H4 (10 mg/L) suppressed anammox activity, leading to a reduced NRR of 91.5 g/(m3·d). Bioindicators revealed that the long-term addition of 2 mg/L N2H4 fostered the accumulation of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) biomass, elevating the volatile suspended solids (VSS) content by 12%. Moreover, the structural composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within the biofilm was altered, resulting in enhanced biofilm strength within the reactor. The protective mechanism of the biofilm was activated, and EPS secretion was stimulated by the continuous N2H4 supplementation. The introduction of an excess dosage of N2H4 led to alterations in the microbial communities, ultimately resulting in a decline in the performance of the reactor. These findings collectively illustrate that N2H4, as an intermediate product, can effectively enhance anammox activity within the MBBR for mainstream wastewater treatment. This study contributes to the understanding of the optimization strategies for anammox processes in wastewater treatment systems.

Recent Advances in the Domino Annulation Reaction of Quinone Imines.

Quinone imines are important derivatives of quinones with a wide range of applications in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry. The attack of nucleophilic reagents on quinone imines tends to lead to aromatization of the quinone skeleton, resulting in both the high reactivity and the unique reactivity of quinone imines. The extreme value of quinone imines in the construction of nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocycles has attracted widespread attention, and remarkable advances have been reported recently. This review provides an overview of the application of quinone imines in the synthesis of cyclic compounds via the domino annulation reaction.

Palladium-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions of π-Allylpalladium 1,4-Dipoles with 1,3,5-Triazinanes: Access to Hexahydropyrimidines, 1,3-Oxazinanes, and 1,5-Diazocanes.

Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation of 5-methylene-1,3-oxazinan-2-ones and 5-methylene-1,3-dioxan-2-ones to generate aza-π-allylpalladium and oxa-π-allylpalladium 1,4-dipoles for [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with 1,3,5-triazinanes was developed, affording a wide range of hexahydropyrimidine and 1,3-oxazinane derivatives in good to excellent yields (up to 99%). The acyclic sulfonamido-substituted allylic carbonates as aza-π-allylpalladium 1,4-dipole precursors also apply to the developed synthesized strategy, achieving the synthesis of hexahydropyrimidines. Moreover, the in situ-generated aza-π-allylpalladium 1,4-dipoles undergoing dimeric [4 + 4] cycloaddition were also demonstrated by the construction of 1,5-diazocane derivatives.

Genetically predicted asthma and the risk of abnormal spermatozoa.

Background: Several previous animal and human studies have found a strong association between asthma and spermatozoa quality, but whether these associations are causal or due to bias remains to be elucidated. Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal effect of genetically predicted asthma on the risk of abnormal spermatozoa. Asthma, childhood-onset asthma (COA), and adult-onset asthma (AOA) (sample sizes ranging from 327,670 to 408,442) were included as the exposures. Genetic information for abnormal spermatozoa was obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 209,921 participants. In univariable MR (UVMR) analysis, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was conducted as the primary method, with the MR Egger and weighted median used as supplementary methods for causal inference. Sensitivity analyses, including the Cochran Q test, Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis, were performed to verify the robustness of the MR results. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was conducted to evaluate the direct causal effects of asthma on abnormal spermatozoa risk. Results: UVMR detected causal associations between genetically predicted asthma and an increased risk of abnormal spermatozoa (OR: 1.270, 95% CI: 1.045-1.545, p = 0.017). Moreover, we found that AOA (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.051, 2.018, p = 0.024) has positive causal effects on the risk of abnormal spermatozoa rather than COA (p = 0.558). Sensitivity analysis found little evidence of bias in the current study (p > 0.05). MVMR further confirmed that asthma directly affected the risk of abnormal spermatozoa. Conclusion: Our MR study suggested that genetically predicted asthma could be associated with an increased risk of abnormal spermatozoa, and similar results were obtained in AOA. Further studies are warranted to explain the underlying mechanisms of this association and may provide new avenues for prevention and treatment.

WITHDRAWN: Coronary artery segmentation based on ACMA-Net and unscented Kalman filter algorithm.

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Associations between oxidative balance score and chronic kidney disease events in US adults: a population-based study.

Oxidative Balance Scores (OBS) are utilized to assess an individual's antioxidant status, encompassing both dietary and lifestyle factors that contribute to oxidative balance. This study investigates the relationship between OBS and chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence among U.S. adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. The study involved a cross-sectional analysis of 13,373 individuals from NHANES, focusing on adults aged 20 years or older. OBS was calculated using 20 components, including dietary and lifestyle factors. CKD was identified based on albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate, with patients stratified into mild, moderate, and high-risk groups. Statistical analysis included logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines to explore the OBS-CKD relationship. Our findings indicate a statistically significant negative correlation between OBS and CKD prevalence, particularly in mild and moderate-risk groups. Higher OBS quartiles were associated with a decreased likelihood of CKD (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.53-0.92; P = 0.013). Restricted cubic splines indicated a non-linear, inverse association between OBS and CKD odds for the overall population (P for nonlinearity = 0.017). For mild and moderate CKD risk groups, the relationships were less pronounced (P for nonlinearity = 0.053 and 0.184, respectively), suggesting variability in the OBS-CKD link across different risk levels. The study highlights the potential of elevated OBS as a primary prevention measure for CKD, particularly in individuals with mild to moderate risk. These findings underscore the importance of antioxidant status in CKD risk management and encourage further research into the role of dietary and lifestyle factors in CKD prevention.