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Radiotherapy (RT) is often administered, either alone or in combination with other therapies, for most malignancies. However, the degree of tumor oxygenation, damage to adjacent healthy tissues, and inaccurate guidance remain issues that result in discontinuation or failure of RT. Here, a multifunctional therapeutic platform based on Ir@WO3-x is developed which simultaneously addresses these critical issues above for precision radiosensitization. Ir@WO3-x nanoreactors exhibit strong absorption of X-ray, acting as radiosensitizers. Moreover, ultrasmall Ir enzyme-mimic nanocrystals (NCs) are decorated onto the surface of the nanoreactor, where NCs have catalyst-like activity and are sensitive to H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) under near infrared-II (NIR-II) light stimulation. They efficiently catalyze the conversion of H2O2 to O2, thereby ameliorating hypoxia, inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α, and enhancing RT-induced DNA damage in cancerous tissue, further improving the efficiency of RT. Additionally, in response to high H2O2 levels in TME, the Ir@WO3-x nanoreactor also exerts peroxidase-like activity, boosting exogenous ROS, which increases oxidative damage and enhances ROS-dependent death signaling. Furthermore, Ir@WO3-x can serve as a high-quality computed tomography contrast agent due to its high X-ray attenuation coefficient and generation of pronounced tumor-tissue contrast. This report highlights the potential of advanced health materials to enhance precision therapeutic modalities.
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Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and cancer-related deaths are both high in the male population. Once castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has developed, PCa can be difficult to manage. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in the regulation of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In CRPC, however, the potential molecular mechanisms and biological functions of circRNAs are yet to be defined. In this study, we conducted RNA sequencing on four hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) tumor tissue samples and three CRPC samples. We recognized hsa_circ_0001610, a novel circRNA that was highly expressed in the cells and tissue of CRPC. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to evaluate hsa_circ_0001610 expression. We conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments and found that hsa_circ_0001610 overexpression caused PCa cells to proliferate and migrate and caused enzalutamide resistance. In contrast, the opposite results were found for hsa_circ_0001610 knockdown. We used Western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), qRT-PCR, and rescue experiments to reveal the underlying mechanisms of hsa_circ_0001610. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0001610 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-1324 and thus reversed its inhibitory effect on its target gene PTK6. As a result, the PTK6 expression was enhanced, which accelerated PCa progression. The findings of this study confirmed that hsa_circ_0001610 drives the progression of PCa through the hsa_circ_0001610/miR-1324/PTK6 axis. Thus, hsa_circ_0001610 is potentially an effective therapeutic target and specific biomarker for advanced PCa.
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Background and aims: Cervical cancer, a prevalent gynecological malignant tumor, poses a significant threat to women's health and lives. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has emerged as a promising avenue for treating cervical cancer. For patients with persistent or recurrent metastatic cervical cancer, If the sequence of dead receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) is positive, ICI show significant clinical efficacy. PD-L1 expression serves as a valuable biomarker for assessing ICI therapeutic efficacy. However, the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), encompassing immune cell composition and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) status, also exerts a profound influence on tumor immunity and prognosis. Given the remarkable strides made by ICI treatments in improving the survival rates of cervical cancer patients, it becomes essential to identify a comprehensive biomarker that integrates various TIME aspects to enhance the effectiveness of ICI treatment. Therefore, the quest for biomarkers linked to multiple facets of TIME in cervical cancer is a vital pursuit. Methods: In this study, we have developed an Immune-Associated Gene Prognostic Index (IRGPI) with remarkable prognostic value specifically for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC). The Cancer Genome Atlas CESC dataset (n = 305) was meticulously analyzed to pinpoint key immune-related genes via weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential gene expression assays. Subsequently, we employed Cox regression analysis to construct the IRGPI. Furthermore, the composition of immune cells and TIL status were examined using CIBERSORT and TIDE. Tumor expression of Epigen, LCN10, and P73 were determined with immunohistochemistry. Results: The resulting IRGPI, composed of EPGN, LCN10, and TP73 genes, displayed a strong negative correlation with patient survival. The discovery was validated with a patient cohort from our hospital. The IRGPI not only predicts the composition of immune cell subtypes such as Macrophages M1, NK cells, Mast cells, Plasma cells, Neutrophils, Dendritic cells, T cells CD8, and T cells CD4 within CESC, but also indicates TIL exclusion, dysfunction, and PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Therefore, the IRGPI emerges as a promising biomarker not only for prognostic assessment but also for characterizing multiple immune features in CESC. Additionally, our results underscored the significant associations between the IRGPI and immune cell composition, TIL exclusion, and dysfunction, along with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in the TIME. Conclusion: Consequently, the IRGPI stands out as a biomarker intimately connected to both the survival and TIME status of CESC patients, offering potential insights into immunotherapy strategies for CESC.
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The III-V nanowire (NW) structure is a good candidate for developing photodetectors. However, high-density surface states caused by the large surface-to-volume ratio severely limit their performance, which is difficult to solve in conventional ways. Here, a robust surface passivation method, using a thin layer of ZnO capping, is developed for promoting NW photodetector performance. 11 cycles of ZnO, grown on pure zinc blende high-quality GaAs NWs by atomic layer deposition, significantly alleviates the undesirable effect of the surface states, without noticeable degradation in NW morphology. An average 20-fold increase in micro-photoluminescence intensity is observed for passivated NWs, which leads to the development of detectors with high responsivity, specific detectivity, and optical gain of 9.46 × 105 A W-1, 3.93 × 1014 Jones, and 2.2 × 108 %, respectively, under low-intensity 532 nm illumination. Passivated NW detectors outperform their counterparts treated by conventional methods, so far as we know, which shows the potential and effectiveness of thin ZnO surface passivation on NW devices.
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Purpose: Phototherapy, known for its high selectivity, few side effects, strong controllability, and synergistic enhancement of combined treatments, is widely used in treating diseases like cervical cancer. Methods: In this study, hollow mesoporous manganese dioxide was used as a carrier to construct positively charged, poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-modified nanoparticles (NPs). The NP was efficiently loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) via the addition of hydrogen phosphate ions to produce a counterion aggregation effect. HeLa cell membrane encapsulation was performed to achieve the final M-HMnO2@ICG NP. In this structure, the HMnO2 carrier responsively degrades to release ICG in the tumor microenvironment, self-generates O2 for sensitization to ICG-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), and consumes GSH to expand the oxidative stress therapeutic effect [chemodynamic therapy (CDT) + PDT]. The ICG accumulated in tumor tissues exerts a synergistic PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) effect through single laser irradiation, improving efficiency and reducing side effects. The cell membrane encapsulation increases nanomedicine accumulation in tumor tissues and confers an immune evasion ability. In addition, high local temperatures induced by PTT can enhance CDT. These properties of the NP enable full achievement of PTT/PDT/CDT and targeted effects. Results: Mn2+ can serve as a magnetic resonance imaging agent to guide therapy, and ICG can be used for photothermal and fluorescence imaging. After its intravenous injection, M-HMnO2@ICG accumulated effectively at mouse tumor sites; the optimal timing of in-vivo laser treatment could be verified by near-infrared fluorescence, magnetic resonance, and photothermal imaging. The M-HMnO2@ICG NPs had the best antitumor effects among treatment groups under near-infrared light conditions, and showed good biocompatibility. Conclusion: In this study, we designed a nano-biomimetic delivery system that improves hypoxia, responds to the tumor microenvironment, and efficiently loads ICG. It provides a new economical and convenient strategy for synergistic phototherapy and CDT for cervical cancer.
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Verde de Indocianina , Compuestos de Manganeso , Imagen Multimodal , Nanopartículas , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Microambiente Tumoral , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/terapia , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Verde de Indocianina/química , Verde de Indocianina/farmacología , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Animales , Células HeLa , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Nanopartículas/química , Compuestos de Manganeso/química , Compuestos de Manganeso/farmacología , Ratones , Imagen Multimodal/métodos , Terapia Fototérmica/métodos , Óxidos/química , Óxidos/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Poliaminas/química , Poliaminas/farmacología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodosRESUMEN
Prostate cancer (PCa), a prevalent malignancy among elderly males, exhibits a notable rate of advancement, even when subjected to conventional androgen deprivation therapy or chemotherapy. An effective progression prediction model would prove invaluable in identifying patients with a higher progression risk. Using bioinformatics strategies, we integrated diverse data sets of PCa to construct a novel risk model predicated on gene expression and progression-free survival (PFS). The accuracy of the model was assessed through validation using an independent data set. Eight genes were discerned as independent prognostic factors and included in the prediction model. Patients assigned to the high-risk cohort demonstrated a diminished PFS, and the areas under the curve of our model in the validation set for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year PFS were 0.9325, 0.9041 and 0.9070, respectively. Additionally, through the application of single-cell RNA sequencing to two castration-related prostate cancer (CRPC) samples and two hormone-related prostate cancer (HSPC) samples, we discovered that luminal cells within CRPC exhibited an elevated risk score. Subsequent molecular biology experiments corroborated our findings, illustrating heightened SYK expression levels within tumour tissues and its contribution to cancer cell migration. We found that the knockdown of SYK could inhibit migration in PCa cells. Our progression-related risk model demonstrated the potential prognostic value of SYK and indicated its potential as a target for future diagnosis and treatment strategies in PCa management.
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Biología Computacional , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Biología Computacional/métodos , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Factores de Riesgo , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by plaque biofilm which shares risk factors with systemic chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Many studies have found increased prevalence and rate of progression of periodontal disease in children with common metabolic disorders. Although the causal relationship and specific mechanism between them has not been determined yet. The aim of this paper is to progress on the impact of metabolic disorders on periodontal health in children and the underlying mechanisms, which provides new evidences for the prevention and intervention of metabolic disorders and periodontitis in children.
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The oily wastewater and heavy metal ions have been increasingly discharged into water environment, posting a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. However, it remains challenging to use single separation technology to effectively remove oil and heavy metal ions in oil-water mixtures simultaneously. Herein, novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic composites (HHC) were successfully prepared by using A4 paper-derived hydrophilic cellulose as the modified matrix, modifying the polydopamine layer and in-situ growth nanoscale zero-valent iron as active adsorption materials, combined with oleic acid-modified hydrophobic magnetic hollow carbon microspheres, which were used to efficiently and rapidly adsorb heavy metals and oil in oil-water mixtures. Under the optimal adsorption conditions, the adsorption amounts of As(III), As(V), Pb(II) and Cu(II) were 289.6 mg/g, 341.9 mg/g, 241.2 mg/g and 277.5 mg/g, respectively, and the mass transfer rate of HHC to the target ions is fast. The HHC have efficient separation performance for layered oil-water mixtures and emulsified oil-water mixtures, with separation efficiency of 97 % and 92 %. At the same time, due to the abundant adsorption sites, the HHC also exhibit splendid regeneration performance for the four ions after multiple adsorption utilization. Our work designed a approach to achieving promising oil and heavy metal adsorbents with higher adsorption capacity and better regenerative properties.
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BACKGROUND: Identification of therapies to promote repair in multiple sclerosis is challenged by the lack of an accepted trial model and associated outcome measures. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of a new trial model that enrolls disease modifying therapy (DMT)-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participants who have enhancing lesions on clinically indicated brain MRI, and to explore estimates of lesion repair using MRI. METHODS: This was a single site randomized controlled clinical trial. Recruitment took place between November 2015 and January 2019, with final follow-up in February 2019. DMT-treated RRMS participants aged 18-60 years with at least one gadolinium-enhancing lesion on clinically indicated brain MRI were included. Participants were randomized 2:1 to oral domperidone add-on 10-mg three times daily for 16 weeks or no add-on treatment (control). The primary outcomes were feasibility of the model pre-defined as recruitment of 24 participants within 36 months with a 79 % completion rate, and MRI outcomes of lesion repair measured at 16 and 32 weeks using texture analysis, magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The impact of domperidone on serum prolactin at 6 and 16 weeks was also evaluated. RESULTS: Of 237 RRMS participants screened, 17 (14 women) were randomized: 12 to domperidone add-on and 5 to control. All completed the study. Median (range) age was 38.9 (26.7-55.9) years; EDSS was 1.5 (1.0-3.5); and disease duration was 12.9 (2.9-23.3) years. Both groups showed improvement in MRI texture and diffusion fractional anisotropy (FA) at 32 weeks, and the domperidone group demonstrated additional recovery at 16 weeks in both texture and FA. There was no significant group difference in any MRI outcome. Of the 12 domperidone participants, 7 had ≥4x higher serum prolactin than normal. There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: The recruitment target was not met and therefore the trial model was not feasible despite a full completion rate. The imaging techniques performed well, especially MRI texture analysis, suggesting the sample size being sufficient for estimating lesion repair. The main challenge of this trial model may be recruiting gadolinium-enhancing lesions in DMT-treated RRMS participants. Prolactin is safe and may hold promise as a remyelination therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02493049.
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Domperidona , Estudios de Factibilidad , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente , Humanos , Adulto , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/tratamiento farmacológico , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Domperidona/administración & dosificación , Domperidona/farmacología , Proyectos Piloto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/patología , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Imagen de Difusión TensoraRESUMEN
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers affecting the health of men worldwide. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the advanced and refractory phase of prostate cancer, has multiple mechanisms of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) such as AR mutations, aberrant androgen synthase, and abnormal expression of AR-related genes. Based on the research of the AR pathway, new drugs for the treatment of CRPC have been developed in clinical practice, such as Abiraterone and enzalutamide. However, many areas in this pathway are still worth exploring. In this study, single-cell sequencing analysis was utilized to scrutinize significant genes in the androgen receptor (AR) pathway related to CRPC. Our analysis of single-cell sequencing combined with bulk-cell sequencing revealed a substantial downregulation of AR-regulated AFF3 in CRPC. Overexpression of AFF3 restricted the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells whilst also increasing their sensitivity towards enzalutamide, while knockdown of AFF3 had the opposite effect. To elucidate the mechanism of tumor inhibition by AFF3, we applied GSVA and GSEA to investigate the metabolic pathways related to AFF3 and revealed that AFF3 had an impact on fatty acids metabolism and ferroptosis through the regulation of ACSL4 protein expression. Based on correlation analysis and flow cytometry, we can speculate that AFF3 can impact the sensitivity of the CRPC cell lines to the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) by regulating ACSL4. Therefore, our findings may provide new insights into the mechanisms of drug resistance in CRPC, and AFF3 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer.
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As an important virulence phenotype of Escherichia coli, the regulation mechanism of biofilm by non-coding RNA and quorum sensing system has not been clarified. Here, by transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR analysis, we found CsrB, a non-coding RNA of the carbon storage regulation system, was positively regulated by the LuxR protein SdiA. Furthermore, ß-galactosidase reporter assays showed that SdiA enhanced promoter transcriptional activity of csrB. The consistent dynamic expression levels of SdiA and CsrB during Escherichia coli growth were also detected. Moreover, curli assays and biofilm assays showed sdiA deficiency in Escherichia coli SM10λπ or BW25113 led to a decreased formation of biofilm, and was significantly restored by over-expression of CsrB. Interestingly, the regulations of SdiA on CsrB in biofilm formation were enhanced by quorum sensing signal molecules AHLs. In conclusion, SdiA plays a crucial role in Escherichia coli biofilm formation by regulating the expression of non-coding RNA CsrB. Our study provides new insights into SdiA-non-coding RNA regulatory network involved in Escherichia coli biofilm formation.
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Background and goal: In vivo characterization of brain lesion types in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been an ongoing challenge. Based on verified texture analysis measures from clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study aimed to develop a method to identify two extremes of brain MS lesions that were approximately severely demyelinated (sDEM) and highly remyelinated (hREM), and compare them in terms of common clinical variables. Method: Texture analysis used an optimized gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method based on FLAIR MRI from 200 relapsing-remitting MS participants. Two top-performing metrics were calculated: texture contrast and dissimilarity. Lesion identification applied a percentile approach according to texture values calculated: ≤ 25 percentile for hREM and ≥75 percentile for sDEM. Results: The sDEM had a greater total normalized volume yet smaller average size, and worse MRI texture than hREM. In lesion distribution mapping, the two lesion types appeared to overlap largely in location and were present the most in the corpus callosum and periventricular regions. Further, in sDEM, the normalized volume was greater and in hREM, the average size was smaller in men than women. There were no other significant results in clinical variable-associated analyses. Conclusion: Percentile statistics of competitive MRI texture measures may be a promising method for probing select types of brain MS lesion pathology. Associated findings can provide another useful dimension for improved measurement and monitoring of disease activity in MS. The different characteristics of sDEM and hREM between men and women likely adds new information to the literature, deserving further confirmation.
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Aldo-keto reductases (ARKs), a group of reductases that rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to catalyze carbonyl, are widely found in various organisms, which play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of human. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2) as a member of the human ARKs family, can regulate steroid hormones and is abnormally expressed in many cancers. According to whether the tumor can be affected by hormones, we divide malignancies into hormone-dependent and hormone-independent types. Studies have shown that AKR1C2 is involved in regulating tumor invasion, migration, and other malignant phenotypes, eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting chemotherapy resistance of tumor cells, and has prognostic value in some cancers. Here, we focus on the role and clinical significance of AKR1C2 in different types of tumors.
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Neoplasias , Humanos , Pronóstico , Aldo-Ceto Reductasas/genética , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Hormonas , Hidroxiesteroide Deshidrogenasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Information regarding the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cervical cancer in mainland China is lacking. We explored its impact on the hospital attendance of patients with primary cervical cancer. We included 1918 patients with primary cervical cancer who initially attended Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 23, 2019, and January 23, 2021. Attendance decreased by 31%, from 1135 in 2019 to 783 in 2020, mainly from January to June (ð2 = 73.362, P < .001). The percentage of patients detected by screening decreased from 12.1% in January-June 2019 to 5.8% in January-June 2020 (ð2 = 7.187, P = .007). Patients with stage I accounted for 28.4% in 2020 significantly lower than 36.6% in 2019 (ð2 = 14.085, P < .001), and patients with stage III accounted for 27.1% in 2020 significantly higher than 20.5% in 2019 (ð2 = 11.145, P < .001). Waiting time for treatment was extended from 8 days (median) in January-June and July-December 2019 to 16 days in January-June (ð2 = 74.674, P < .001) and 12 days in July-December 2020 (ð2 = 37.916, P < .001). Of the 179 patients who delayed treatment, 164 (91.6%) were for the reasons of the healthcare providers. Compared to 2019, the number of patients in Harbin or non-Harbin in Heilongjiang Province and outside the province decreased, and cross-regional medical treatment has been hindered. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted cervical cancer patient attendance at the initial phase. These results are solid evidence that a strategy and mechanism for the effective attendance of cervical cancer patients in response to public health emergencies is urgently needed.
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Femenino , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Pandemias , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/terapia , China/epidemiología , Hospitales UniversitariosRESUMEN
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) responds poorly to existing therapy and appears as the lethal consequence of prostate cancer (PCa) progression. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has been thought to play a crucial role in CRPC progression. Here, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on two CRPC and two hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) samples to reveal potential leading roles in castration resistance. We described the single-cell transcriptional landscape of PCa. Higher cancer heterogeneity was explored in CRPC, with stronger cell cycling status and heavier copy number variant burden of luminal cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are one of the most critical components of TME, demonstrated unique expression and cell-cell communication features in CRPC. A CAFs subtype with high expression of HSD17B2 in CRPC was identified with inflammatory features. HSD17B2 catalyses the conversion of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone to their less active forms, which was associated with steroid hormone metabolism in PCa tumour cells. However, the characteristics of HSD17B2 in PCa fibroblasts remained unknown. We found that HSD17B2 knockdown in CRPC-CAFs could inhibit migration, invasion, and castration resistance of PCa cells in vitro. Further study showed that HSD17B2 could regulate CAFs functions and promote PCa migration through the AR/ITGBL1 axis. Overall, our study revealed the important role of CAFs in the formation of CRPC. HSD17B2 in CAFs regulated AR activation and subsequent ITGBL1 secretion to promote the malignant behaviour of PCa cells. HSD17B2 in CAFs could serve as a promising therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Hormonas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Estradiol Deshidrogenasas , Integrina beta1/metabolismoRESUMEN
In order to improve the thickness uniformity of the electroformed metal layer and components, a new electroforming technique is proposed-wire-anode scanning electroforming (WAS-EF). WAS-EF uses an ultrafine inert anode so that the interelectrode voltage/current is superimposed upon a very narrow ribbon-shaped area at the cathode, thus ensuring better localization of the electric field. The anode of WAS-EF is in constant motion, which reduces the effect of the current edge effect. The stirring paddle of WAS-EF can affect the fluid flow in the microstructure, and improve the mass transfer effect inside the structure. The simulation results show that, when the depth-to-width ratio decreases from 1 to 0.23, the depth of fluid flow in the microstructure can increase from 30% to 100%. Experimental results show that. Compared with the traditional electroforming method, the single metal feature and arrayed metal components prepared by WAS-EF are respectively improved by 15.5% and 11.4%.
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The study evaluates the outcomes of including varicella vaccines (VarV) in the local expanded programme on immunization (EPI) on the seropositivity rates and corresponding protective effects for children aged 3-6 years in Suzhou. The study is observational. Varicella prevalence in children was assessed based on data from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) and the Jiangsu Province Vaccination Integrated Service Management Information System (JPVISMIS). Seropositivity was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 2,873 children aged 3-6 years were enrolled in this study. The seropositivity rates were 95.31% and 86.89% for children with and without the strategy, respectively. The difference in seropositivity rate in children using the different strategies was statistically significant (Trend χ2 = 0.397, P = .255). It is therefore suggested that Suzhou had a high rate of occult infection before the inclusion of varicella vaccine in the EPI. The difference in seroprevalence rate between children with no history of varicella vaccination and those with a history of varicella vaccination was statistically different (χ2 = 51.362, P < .001). The positive rates of antibodies increased with increasing doses of vaccination (χ2 = 56.252, P < .001). For the protective effect of one-dose and two-dose, it was found that the protection rates of one-dose were 72.98% and 100.00%, respectively. The varicella vaccine is an effective method to prevent varicella disease, which can increase serum seroprevalence levels and block the transmission of varicella disease.
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Varicela , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Varicela/epidemiología , Varicela/prevención & control , Vacuna contra la Varicela , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Vacunación , Vacunas Atenuadas , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
For self-catalyzed nanowires (NWs), reports on how the catalytic droplet initiates successful NW growth are still lacking, making it difficult to control the yield and often accompanying a high density of clusters. Here, we have performed a systematic study on this issue, which reveals that the effective V/III ratio at the initial growth stage is a critical factor that governs the NW growth yield. To initiate NW growth, the ratio should be high enough to allow the nucleation to extend to the entire contact area between the droplet and substrate, which can elevate the droplet off of the substrate, but it should not be too high in order to keep the droplet. This study also reveals that the cluster growth between NWs is also initiated from large droplets. This study provides a new angle from the growth condition to explain the cluster formation mechanism, which can guide high-yield NW growth.
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High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) is a promising method for advanced analysis of brain microstructure. However, comprehensive HARDI analysis requires multiple acquisitions of diffusion images (multi-shell HARDI), which is time consuming and often impractical in clinical settings. This study aimed to establish neural network models that can predict new diffusion datasets from clinically feasible brain diffusion MRI for multi-shell HARDI. The development included 2 algorithms: multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN). Both followed a voxel-based approach for model training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%). The investigations involved 2 multi-shell HARDI datasets: 1) 11 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP); and 2) 10 local subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). To assess outcomes, we conducted neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging using both predicted and original data and compared their orientation dispersion index (ODI) and neurite density index (NDI) in different brain tissues with 2 measures: peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Results showed that both models achieved robust predictions, which provided competitive ODI and NDI, especially in brain white matter. The CNN outperformed MLP with the HCP data on both PSNR (p < 0.001) and SSIM (p < 0.01). With the MS data, the models performed similarly. Overall, the optimized neural networks can help generate non-acquired brain diffusion MRI, which will make advanced HARDI analysis possible in clinical practice following further validation. Enabling detailed characterization of brain microstructure will allow enhanced understanding of brain function in both health and disease.
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Encéfalo , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuritas , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Algoritmos , Redes Neurales de la ComputaciónRESUMEN
The Lauraceae is a family of the order Laurales, with 2500-3000 species comprising 50 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Up to two decades ago, the systematic classification of the Lauraceae was based on floral morphology, but molecular phylogenetic approaches have made tremendous advances in elucidating tribe- and genus-level relationships within the family in recent decades. Our review focused on the phylogeny and systematics of Sassafras, a genus of three species with highly disjunct distributions in eastern North America and East Asia, whose tribe affiliation within the Lauraceae has long been controversial. By synthesizing information on the floral biology and molecular phylogeny of Sassafras, this review aimed to explore the position of Sassafras within the Lauraceae, and to provide suggestions and implications for future phylogenetic studies. Our synthesis highlighted Sassafras as a transitional type between Cinnamomeae and Laureae with a closer genetic relationship with Cinnamomeae, as revealed by molecular phylogenetic evidence, while it shares many similar characteristics with Laureae in morphology. We therefore discovered that several molecular and morphological methods should be concurrently considered to illuminate the phylogeny and systematics of Sassafras in Lauraceae.