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The lignin biosynthesis pathway plays a crucial role in the defense response against V. dahliae in cotton, and it is essential to identify the key regulators in this pathway for disease-resistant breeding. In a previous study, the cotton laccase gene GhLac1 was identified as mediating plant broad-spectrum biotic stress tolerance by manipulating phenylpropanoid metabolism. However, the upstream master regulators and regulatory mechanism of lignin are still largely unknown. This study aims to identify the upstream regulators of GhLac1 and explore the molecular mechanism underlying cotton's disease resistance response to V. dahliae. Through the study, three WRKY, three MYB, and one APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (ERF) TFs were identified as differentially responding to V. dahliae infection in cotton. Among these TFs, GhWRKY30, GhWRKY41, GhMYB42, and GhTINY2 were found to directly bind to the GhLac1 promoter and activate its expression. Transient overexpression of these four TFs in cotton led to increased expression of GhLac1 and other the laccase family members, while knockdown of these TFs resulted in reduced lignin accumulation and increased susceptibility to V. dahliae. Additionally, GhWRKY30 and GhWRKY41 were observed to interact with themselves and each other, synergistically transactivating the GhLac1 promoter. This study reveals a GhLac1-centered transcriptional regulatory cascade of lignin synthesis that contributes to cotton's defense response by modulating lignin metabolism.
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Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine as supplemental analgesia in reducing intraoperative visceral pain during elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA). Patients and Methods: A total of 269 parturients scheduled for elective cesarean section under CSEA between May 2023 and August 2023 were assessed. The parturients were randomly allocated to receiving either intravenous infusion of 0.3-mg/kg esketamine combined with 0.5-µg/kg dexmedetomidine (group ED, n=76), 0.5-µg/kg dexmedetomidine (group D, n=76), or normal saline (group C, n=76) after umbilical cord clamping. The primary outcome was intraoperative visceral pain. Secondary outcomes included the visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain evaluation and other intraoperative complications. Results: The incidence of visceral pain was lower in group ED [9 (12.7%)] than in group D [32 (43.8%)] and group C [36 (48.6%), P <0.0001]. The VAS score was also lower in group ED when exploring abdominal cavity [0 (0), P <0.0001] and suturing the muscle layer [0 (0), P =0.036]. The mean arterial pressure was higher in group D [83 (9) mmHg] and group ED [81 (11) mmHg] than in group C [75 (10) mmHg, P <0.0001] after solution infusion. The heart rate after infusion of the solution was lower in group D [80 (12) bpm] than in group C [86 (14) bpm] and group ED [85 (12) bpm, P = 0.016]. The incidence of transient neurologic or mental symptoms was higher in group ED compared to group C and group D (76.1% vs 18.9% vs 23.3%, P<0.0001). Conclusion: During cesarean section, 0.3-mg/kg esketamine combined with 0.5-µg/kg dexmedetomidine can alleviate visceral traction pain and provide stable hemodynamics. Parturients receiving this regimen may experience transient neurologic or mental symptoms that can spontaneously resolve at the end of the surgery.
Some parturients endure experience indescribable pain and discomfort during fetal delivery. Esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine can alleviate this pain during cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. However, after intravenous injection of esketamine and dexmedetomidine, the parturients may experience nightmares, dizziness, hallucinations, and drowsiness, etc.
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Anestesia Epidural , Anestesia Raquidea , Cesárea , Dexmedetomidina , Ketamina , Dolor Visceral , Humanos , Dexmedetomidina/administración & dosificación , Ketamina/administración & dosificación , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Adulto , Dolor Visceral/prevención & control , Dolor Visceral/tratamiento farmacológico , Embarazo , Quimioterapia Combinada , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos ElectivosRESUMEN
The JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are a key inhibitors of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway that play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development and environmental stress responses. However, there is no systematic identification and functional analysis of JAZ gene family members in sugarcane. In this study, a total of 49 SsJAZ genes were identified from the wild sugarcane species Saccharum spontaneum genome that were unevenly distributed on 13 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all SsJAZ members can be divided into six groups, and most of the SsJAZ genes contained photoreactive and ABA-responsive elements. RNA-seq analysis revealed that SsJAZ1-1/2/3/4 and SsJAZ7-1 were significantly upregulated under drought stress. The transcript level of ScJAZ1 which is the homologous gene of SsJAZ1 in modern sugarcane cultivars was upregulated by JA, PEG, and abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover, ScJAZ1 can interact with three other JAZ proteins to form heterodimers. The spatial and temporal expression analysis showed that SsJAZ2-1/2/3/4 were highly expressed in different tissues and growth stages and during the day-night rhythm between 10:00 and 18:00. Overexpression of ScJAZ2 in Arabidopsis accelerated flowering through activating the expression of AtSOC1, AtFT, and AtLFY. Moreover, the transcription level of ScJAZ2 was about 30-fold in the early-flowering sugarcane variety than that of the non-flowering variety, indicating ScJAZ2 positively regulated flowering. This first systematic analysis of the JAZ gene family and function analysis of ScJAZ1/2 in sugarcane provide key candidate genes and lay the foundation for sugarcane breeding.
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Flores , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Saccharum , Saccharum/genética , Saccharum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Flores/genética , Filogenia , Familia de Multigenes , Sequías , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Ciclopentanos/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is one of the most serious complications in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Although glucocorticoids are increasingly used during PCNL, few studies have been concerned about the association between glucocorticoids and postoperative SIRS. The study aims to explore whether preoperative use of glucocorticoids is associated with SIRS after PCNL. METHODS: A total of 1259 patients who underwent PCNL between January 2015 and April 2021 were enrolled in the retrospective cohort study. Risk factors for post-PCNL SIRS were identified by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. To further explore the association between preoperative administration of glucocorticoids and SIRS, 113 pairs of patients were matched for the confounding factors using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. The odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the above variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of SIRS after PCNL was 9.6 % (121/1259) and the patients who suffered from postoperative SIRS had longer hospital stays and higher hospital costs (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female, preoperative leukocyte count, insertion of central vein catheter, serum albumin, preoperative high-sensitive C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, preoperative transfusion, preoperative administration of glucocorticoids were independent risk factors for SIRS (all p < 0.05). After minimization, the effects of confounding factors by PSM, preoperative administration of glucocorticoids was significantly correlated with SIRS in patients after PCNL (OR=2.44, 95 %CI: 1.31-4.55, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Preoperative administration of glucocorticoids is an independent risk factor for SIRS in patients undergoing PCNL.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent and severe complication in patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), which can be challenging to diagnose early, potentially leading to delayed treatment. Identifying SIRS risk factors and promptly treating high-risk patients is crucial. Glucocorticoids are commonly used to prevent SIRS in clinical practice, and this study aims to investigate whether preoperative glucocorticoid administration is associated with SIRS after PCNL. In total, 1259 patients underwent PCNL and were enrolled in the study. The study utilized both propensity score matching (PSM) analysis and regression analysis to identify risk factors for post-PCNL SIRS. The incidence of SIRS after PCNL was 9.6 % in the study and patients with postoperative SIRS had longer hospital stays and higher hospital costs. After minimizing the potential influence of confounding factors through the use of PSM, we found a significant association between the preoperative use of glucocorticoids and the occurrence of SIRS in patients undergoing PCNL. Based on our analysis, we can conclude that the preoperative administration of glucocorticoids represents an independent risk factor for the development of SIRS in these patients.
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Nefrolitotomía Percutánea , Humanos , Femenino , Nefrolitotomía Percutánea/efectos adversos , Glucocorticoides/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/epidemiología , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/etiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Background: We aimed to explore the potential risk factors and short-term prognosis for SIRS after thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Data from patients with HCC who underwent thermal ablation in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2015 and August 2021 were retrieved from the perioperative database. Pre-, intra- and postoperative data between SIRS group and non-SIRS group were compared and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for SIRS after thermal ablation. Results: A total of 1491 patients were enrolled and 234 (15.7 %) patients developed SIRS after thermal ablation. Compared with those without SIRS, patients with SIRS had a longer hospital stay, higher hospitalization costs and higher risk of more severe postoperative complications. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, current smoking (OR 1.58, 95 %CI 1.09-2.29), decreased HCT (OR 1.51,95 %CI 1.11-2.04), NEUT < 1.5 × 109/L(OR 1.74, 95 %CI 1.14-2.65), NEUT% < 0.5 or > 0.7 (OR 1.36, 95 %CI 1.01-1.83) and PT > 16.3s (OR 2.42, 95 %CI 1.57-3.74) were significantly associated with postoperative SIRS. Conclusions: Current smoking, decreased HCT, neutropenia, abnormal percentage of neutrophils and prolonged PT are the independent risk factors for SIRS after thermal ablation of HCC, which worsens outcomes of patients. This study can help identify high-risk population and guide appropriate care so as to reduce the incidence of postoperative SIRS.
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BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a severe complication that results in increased morbidity and mortality after intestinal obstruction surgery. This study examined the role of preoperative systemic immune inflammation index (SII) for postoperative sepsis in intestinal obstruction patients. METHODS: Data on patients who underwent intestinal obstruction surgery were collected. SII was determined and separated into two groups (≤1792.19 and >1792.19) according to the optimal cut-off value of SII for postoperative sepsis. The odds ratio (OR) is calculated for the correlation between SII and postoperative sepsis. Additional analyses were used to estimate the robustness of SII. RESULTS: A total of 371 intestinal obstruction patients undergoing surgery were included in the final cohort, and 60 (16.17%) patients developed postoperative sepsis. Patients with an SII ï¼1792.19 had a significantly higher risk for developing postoperative sepsis after multivariable adjustment [adjusted odds ratio = 2.12, 95% confidence interval: [1.02-4.40]]. The analysis of interaction showed no correlation between the preoperative SII and postoperative sepsis regarding age, hypertension, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, blood loss, albumin, hemoglobin, creatinine, and leukocyte (all interactions p > .05). In subgroup analysis, all statistically significant subgroups showed that SII was a risk factor for postoperative sepsis (all p < .05). The analyses of subgroups and interactions revealed that the interaction effect of a preoperative SII ï¼1792.19 and postoperative sepsis remained significant. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. CONCLUSIONS: A preoperative SII ï¼ 1792.19 was a risk factor for postoperative sepsis in patients undergoing intestinal obstruction surgery.
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Obstrucción Intestinal , Sepsis , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Inflamación , Factores de Riesgo , Obstrucción Intestinal/etiología , Obstrucción Intestinal/cirugía , Sepsis/complicacionesRESUMEN
The milestone of compound leaf development is the generation of separate leaflet primordia during the early stages, which involves two linked but distinct morphogenetic events: leaflet initiation and boundary establishment for leaflet separation. Although some progress in understanding the regulatory pathways for each event have been made, it is unclear how they are intrinsically coordinated. Here, we identify the PINNATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA2 (PINNA2) gene encoding a newly identified GRAS transcription factor in Medicago truncatula. PINNA2 transcripts are preferentially detected at organ boundaries. Its loss-of-function mutations convert trifoliate leaves into a pinnate pentafoliate pattern. PINNA2 directly binds to the promoter region of the LEAFY orthologue SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), which encodes a key positive regulator of leaflet initiation, and downregulates its expression. Further analysis revealed that PINNA2 synergizes with two other repressors of SGL1 expression, the BEL1-like homeodomain protein PINNA1 and the C2H2 zinc finger protein PALMATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA1 (PALM1), to precisely define the spatiotemporal expression of SGL1 in compound leaf primordia, thereby maintaining a proper pattern of leaflet initiation. Moreover, we showed that the enriched expression of PINNA2 at the leaflet-to-leaflet boundaries is positively regulated by the boundary-specific gene MtNAM, which is essential for leaflet boundary formation. Together, these results unveil a pivotal role of the boundary-expressed transcription factor PINNA2 in regulating leaflet initiation, providing molecular insights into the coordination of intricate developmental processes underlying compound leaf pattern formation.
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Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Medicago truncatula , Hojas de la Planta , Medicago truncatula/genética , Medicago truncatula/crecimiento & desarrollo , Medicago truncatula/metabolismo , Morfogénesis/genética , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
Noncoding transcription induces chromatin changes that can mediate environmental responsiveness, but the causes and consequences of these mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we investigate how antisense transcription (termed COOLAIR) interfaces with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) silencing during winter-induced epigenetic regulation of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). We use genetic and chromatin analyses on lines ineffective or hyperactive for the antisense pathway in combination with computational modeling to define the mechanisms underlying FLC repression. Our results show that FLC is silenced through pathways that function with different dynamics: a COOLAIR transcription-mediated pathway capable of fast response and in parallel a slow PRC2 switching mechanism that maintains each allele in an epigenetically silenced state. Components of both the COOLAIR and PRC2 pathways are regulated by a common transcriptional regulator (NTL8), which accumulates by reduced dilution due to slow growth at low temperature. The parallel activities of the regulatory steps, and their control by temperature-dependent growth dynamics, create a flexible system for registering widely fluctuating natural temperature conditions that change year on year, and yet ensure robust epigenetic silencing of FLC.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Epigénesis Genética , Flores/genética , Flores/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Silenciador del Gen , Proteínas de Dominio MADS/genética , Proteínas de Dominio MADS/metabolismo , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 2/genética , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 2/metabolismo , VernalizaciónRESUMEN
The bromodomain is a highly conserved protein domain that specifically binds to acetylated lysine residues in histones, thereby activating transcription of target genes. Although some progress in Global Transcription Factor Group E (GTE) has been achieved in numerous animals and a few plant species, no systematic analysis of GTE gene families has been reported yet in sugarcane. In our study, 37 GTE and GTE-Like (GTEL) genes were characterized in the Saccharum spontaneum. All SsGTE/SsGTEL members were heterogeneously located on all chromosomes of the sugarcane genome and divided into five groups. Transcriptome data showed that SsGTEL3a was expressed at significantly higher levels under drought stress in drought-resistant varieties than in drought-sensitive varieties. Moreover, the overexpression of SsGTEL3a significantly improved the drought tolerance in Arabidopsis through improving the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, an interaction between ScFAR1 and SsGTEL3a was identified, with ScFAR1 showing a positive response to drought stress in bacterium. In summary, this systematic analysis of GTE gene family in sugarcane and functional research of SsGTEL3a broadened deeper insight into their evolutionary dynamics and functional properties and provided new candidate genes for drought-resistant molecular breeding of sugarcane.
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Saccharum , Saccharum/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Sequía , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Sequías , Transcriptoma , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las PlantasRESUMEN
Video propaganda is reported effectively improving patients' understanding of operation. However, whether a video introducing patients' most concerns can reduce preoperative anxiety and promote recovery stays unsealed. In this study, we investigated the effects of complementary therapy of educational video during preoperative visit. The results showed that thirty-five (23.2%) parents in Group Control were diagnosed as anxiety according to SAS, and nineteen (12.3%) patients were diagnosed after video intervention. The APAIs anxiety score and APAIs information score in Group Video were lower than those in Group Control. Compared with Group Control, video visit helped to increase the first-attempt pass rate of the knowledge retention exam and solve the patient's most worried concerns, and decrease incidence of emergence agitation, total cost of hospitalization and length of hospital stay. Moreover, video visit improved satisfaction degrees of patients and their main family members. Briefly, our study demonstrated video visit can improve patients' knowledge of anesthesia and decrease their preoperative anxiety, which may represent an important complementary therapy to routine preoperative visits.
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Epigenetic reprogramming occurs during reproduction to reset the genome for early development. In flowering plants, mechanistic details of parental methylation remodeling in zygote remain elusive. Here we analyze allele-specific DNA methylation in rice hybrid zygotes and during early embryo development and show that paternal DNA methylation is predominantly remodeled to match maternal allelic levels upon fertilization, which persists after the first zygotic division. The DNA methylation remodeling pattern supports the predominantly maternal-biased gene expression during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in rice. However, parental allelic-specific methylations are reestablished at the globular embryo stage and associate with allelic-specific histone modification patterns in hybrids. These results reveal that paternal DNA methylation is remodeled to match the maternal pattern during zygotic genome reprogramming and suggest existence of a chromatin memory allowing parental allelic-specific methylation to be maintained in the hybrid.
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Metilación de ADN , Oryza , Metilación de ADN/genética , Cigoto/metabolismo , Oryza/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Desarrollo Embrionario/genética , Histonas/genética , Histonas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Plant organ size is an important agronomic trait tightly related to crop yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying organ size regulation remain largely unexplored in legumes. We previously characterized a key regulator F-box protein MINI ORGAN1 (MIO1)/SMALL LEAF AND BUSHY1 (SLB1), which controls plant organ size in the model legume Medicago truncatula. In order to further dissect the molecular mechanism, MIO1 was used as the bait to screen its interacting proteins from a yeast library. Subsequently, a KIX protein, designated MtKIX8, was identified from the candidate list. The interaction between MIO1 and MtKIX8 was confirmed further by Y2H, BiFC, split-luciferase complementation and pull-down assays. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that MtKIX8 is highly homologous to Arabidopsis KIX8, which negatively regulates organ size. Moreover, loss-of-function of MtKIX8 led to enlarged leaves and seeds, while ectopic expression of MtKIX8 in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased cotyledon area and seed weight. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and in situ hybridization showed that MtKIX8 is expressed in most developing organs. We also found that MtKIX8 serves as a crucial molecular adaptor, facilitating interactions with BIG SEEDS1 (BS1) and MtTOPLESS (MtTPL) proteins in M. truncatula. Overall, our results suggest that the MIO1-MtKIX8 module plays a significant and conserved role in the regulation of plant organ size. This module could be a good target for molecular breeding in legume crops and forages.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Medicago truncatula , Medicago truncatula/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Tamaño de los Órganos , Filogenia , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) greatly affects postoperative lives of afflicted aged patients. This study aimed to determine whether preoperative high hs-CRP/HDL ratio (CHR) was associated with an increased risk of postoperative SIRS in the elderly population. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included data on patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent general anesthesia surgery at two clinical centers between January 2015 and September 2020. The primary exposure was preoperative CHR which was divided into two groups (≤ 12.82 and > 12.82) based on its normal range in our hospital, and the primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative SIRS. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation analyses were used to model the exposure-outcome relationship. RESULTS: The analysis included 5595 elderly patients, of whom 1410 (25.20%) developed SIRS within three postoperative days. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation analysis revealed that elderly patients with CHR > 12.82 vs. CHR ≤ 12.82 was associated with increased risk of postoperative SIRS (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.33, 1.48], P < 0.001). Those results were consistent both in subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Compared with patients with CHR ≤ 12.82, patients with CHR > 12.82 had a higher prevalence of postoperative SIRS (49.06% vs. 22.70%), postoperative in-hospital mortality (3.40% vs. 0.65%), a longer hospital stay after surgery [10 (IQR, 6-16) vs. 8 (IQR, 5-11) days] and higher direct medical cost [10070 (IQR, 6878-15577) vs. 7117 (IQR, 4079-10314) euros, all P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly patients, preoperative CHR > 12.82 was significantly associated with a higher risk of postoperative SIRS.
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Proteína C-Reactiva , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica , Humanos , Anciano , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/epidemiología , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/etiología , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Estudios Retrospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , IncidenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a major problem after surgery. Even with double prophylactic therapy including dexamethasone and a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, the incidence is still high in many at-risk patients. Fosaprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is an effective antiemetic, but its efficacy and safety in combination antiemetic therapy for preventing PONV remain unclear. METHODS: In this randomised, controlled, double-blind trial, 1154 participants at high risk of PONV and undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery were randomly assigned to either a fosaprepitant group (n=577) receiving fosaprepitant 150 mg i.v. dissolved in 0.9% saline 150 ml, or a placebo group (n=577) receiving 0.9% saline 150 ml before anaesthesia induction. Dexamethasone 5 mg i.v. and palonosetron 0.075 i.v. mg were each administered in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV (defined as nausea, retching, or vomiting) during the first 24 postoperative hours. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV during the first 24 postoperative hours was lower in the fosaprepitant group (32.4% vs 48.7%; adjusted risk difference -16.9% [95% confidence interval: -22.4 to -11.4%]; adjusted risk ratio 0.65 [95% CI: 0.57 to 0.76]; P<0.001). There were no differences in severe adverse events between groups, but the incidence of intraoperative hypotension was higher (38.0% vs 31.7%, P=0.026) and intraoperative hypertension (40.6% vs 49.2%, P=0.003) was lower in the fosaprepitant group. CONCLUSIONS: Fosaprepitant added to dexamethasone and palonosetron reduced the incidence of PONV in patients at high risk of PONV undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Notably, it increased the incidence of intraoperative hypotension. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04853147.
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Antieméticos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo , Laparoscopía , Humanos , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/prevención & control , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/tratamiento farmacológico , Antieméticos/uso terapéutico , Palonosetrón , Solución Salina , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Método Doble CiegoRESUMEN
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) performed under general anesthesia is an effective treatment for severe depression. Etomidate is an intravenous anesthetic that shows beneficial effects on ECT. However, the potential mechanisms have rarely been reported. In this study, male rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 4 weeks, followed by ECT for 10 days, with or without intervention with ferrostatin-1 (2 mg/kg) or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 5 mg/kg). Rats subjected to etomidate (20 mg/kg) or propofol (120 mg/kg) treatment were administered with designated anesthetic before ECT. Compared to depressive rats without ECT, those who received ECT showed increased numbers of hippocampal neurons, increased expression of negative regulators of ferroptosis including glutathione peroxidase 4, ferritin heavy chain 1, and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, and downregulation of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, a positive regulator of ferroptosis in the hippocampus. Additionally, compared with propofol, etomidate used in ECT resulted in higher upregulation of BDNF/Nrf2 and inhibited neuronal ferroptosis in hippocampus. These results showed etomidate may enhance the antidepressant effect of ECT by protecting hippocampal neurons against ferroptosis.
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Terapia Electroconvulsiva , Etomidato , Ferroptosis , Propofol , Masculino , Ratas , Animales , Etomidato/farmacología , Etomidato/metabolismo , Propofol/farmacología , Terapia Electroconvulsiva/métodos , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Anestésicos Intravenosos/farmacología , Antidepresivos/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Edible Macadamia is one of the most important commercial nut trees cultivated in many countries, but its large tree size and long juvenile period pose barriers to commercial cultivation. The short domestication period and well-annotated genome of Macadamia integrifolia create great opportunities to breed commercial varieties with superior traits. Recent studies have shown that members of the phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) family play pivotal roles in regulating plant architecture and flowering time in various plants. In this study, thirteen members of MiPEBP were identified in the genome of M. integrifolia, and they are highly similarity in both motif and gene structure. A phylogenetic analysis divided the MiPEBP genes into three subfamilies: MFT-like, FT-like and TFL1-like. We subsequently identified two TERMINAL FLOWER 1 homologues from the TFL1-like subfamily, MiTFL1 and MiTFL1-like, both of which were highly expressed in stems and vegetative shoots, while MiTFL1-like was highly expressed in young leaves and early flowers. A subcellular location analysis revealed that both MiTFL1 and MiTFL1-like are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The ectopic expression of MiTFL1 can rescue the early-flowering and terminal-flower phenotypes in the tfl1-14 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, and it indicates the conserved functions in controlling the inflorescence architecture and flowering time. This study will provide insight into the isolation of PEBP family members and the key targets for breeding M. integrifolia with improved traits in plant architecture and flowering time.
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The VILLIN (VLN) protein is an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, which orchestrates many developmental processes and participates in various biotic and abiotic responses in plants. Although the VLN gene family and their potential functions have been analyzed in several plants, knowledge of VLN genes in soybeans and legumes remains rather limited. In this study, a total of 35 VLNs were characterized from soybean and five related legumes. Combining with the VLN sequences from other nine land plants, we categorized the VLN gene family into three groups according to phylogenetic relationships. Further detailed analysis of the soybean VLNs indicated that the ten GmVLNs were distributed on 10 of the 20 chromosomes, and their gene structures and protein motifs showed high group specificities. The expression pattern analysis suggested that most GmVLNs are widely expressed in various tissues, but three members have a very high level in seeds. Moreover, we observed that the cis-elements enriched in the promoters of GmVLNs are mainly related to abiotic stresses, hormone signals, and developmental processes. The largest number of cis-elements were associated with light responses, and two GmVLNs, GmVLN5a, and GmVLN5b were significantly increased under the long light condition. This study not only provides some basic information about the VLN gene family but also provides a good reference for further characterizing the diverse functions of VLN genes in soybeans.
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Introduction: Postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is common in surgical patients especially in older patients, and the geriatric population with SIRS is more susceptible to sepsis, MODS, and even death. We aimed to develop and validate a model for predicting postoperative SIRS in older patients. Methods: Patients aged ≥65 years who underwent general anesthesia in two centers of Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to September 2020 were included. The cohort was divided into training and validation cohorts. A simple nomogram was developed to predict the postoperative SIRS in the training cohort using two logistic regression models and the brute force algorithm. The discriminative performance of this model was determined by area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). The external validity of the nomogram was assessed in the validation cohort. Results: A total of 5,904 patients spanning from January 2015 to December 2019 were enrolled in the training cohort and 1,105 patients from January 2020 to September 2020 comprised the temporal validation cohort, in which incidence rates of postoperative SIRS were 24.6 and 20.2%, respectively. Six feature variables were identified as valuable predictors to construct the nomogram, with high AUCs (0.800 [0.787, 0.813] and 0.822 [0.790, 0.854]) and relatively balanced sensitivity (0.718 and 0.739) as well as specificity (0.718 and 0.729) in both training and validation cohorts. An online risk calculator was established for clinical application. Conclusion: We developed a patient-specific model that may assist in predicting postoperative SIRS among the aged patients.
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Sepsis , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica , Humanos , Anciano , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/epidemiología , Algoritmos , Anestesia General , HospitalesRESUMEN
Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been widely applied in the anesthesia and sedation of patients with oncological diseases. However, the potential effect of DEX on tumor metastasis remains contradictory. This study follows up on patients who received intraoperative DEX during laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer as part of a previous clinical trial, examining their outcomes 5 years later. Methods: Between June 2015 and December 2015, 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection were randomly assigned to the DEX and control groups. The DEX group received an initial loading dose of 1µ/kg before surgery, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.3µg/kg/h during the operation and the Control group received an equivalent volume of saline. A 5-year follow-up analysis was conducted to evaluate the overall survival, disease-free survival, and tumor recurrence. Results: The follow-up analysis included 55 of the 60 patients. The DEX group included 28 patients, while the control group included 27 patients. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups, except for vascular and/or neural invasion of the tumor in the DEX group (9/28 vs. 0/27, p = 0.002). We did not observe a statistically significant benefit but rather a trend toward an increase in overall survival and disease-free survival in the DEX group, 1-year overall survival (96.4% vs. 88.9%, p = 0.282), 2-year overall survival (89.3% vs. 74.1%, p = 0.144), 3-year overall survival (89.3% vs. 70.4%, p = 0.08), and 5-year overall survival (78.6% vs. 59.3%, p = 0.121). The total rates of mortality and recurrence between the two groups were comparable (8/28 vs. 11/27, p = 0.343). Conclusion: Administration of DEX during laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer had a nonsignificant trend toward improved overall survival and disease-free survival. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTRIOR-15006518.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Postoperative sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Our study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for postoperative sepsis within 7 d in LT recipients using machine learning (ML) technology. METHODS: Data of 786 patients received LT from January 2015 to January 2020 was retrospectively extracted from the big data platform of Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Seven ML models were developed to predict postoperative sepsis. The area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and f1-score were evaluated as the model performances. The model with the best performance was validated in an independent dataset involving 118 adult LT cases from February 2020 to April 2021. The postoperative sepsis-associated outcomes were also explored in the study. RESULTS: After excluding 109 patients according to the exclusion criteria, 677 patients underwent LT were finally included in the analysis. Among them, 216 (31.9%) were diagnosed with sepsis after LT, which were related to more perioperative complications, increased postoperative hospital stay and mortality after LT (all p < .05). Our results revealed that a larger volume of red blood cell infusion, ascitic removal, blood loss and gastric drainage, less volume of crystalloid infusion and urine, longer anesthesia time, higher level of preoperative TBIL were the top 8 important variables contributing to the prediction of post-LT sepsis. The Random Forest Classifier (RF) model showed the best overall performance to predict sepsis after LT among the seven ML models developed in the study, with an AUC of 0.731, an accuracy of 71.6%, the sensitivity of 62.1%, and specificity of 76.1% in the internal validation set, and a comparable AUC of 0.755 in the external validation set. CONCLUSIONS: Our study enrolled eight pre- and intra-operative variables to develop an RF-based predictive model of post-LT sepsis to assist clinical decision-making procedure.
Postoperative sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality after liver transplantation (LT).Our results revealed that a larger volume of red blood cell infusion, ascitic removal, blood loss and gastric drainage, less volume of crystalloid infusion and urine, longer anesthesia time, higher level of preoperative TBIL were the top 8 important variables contributing to the prediction of post-LT sepsis.The Random Forest Classifier (RF) model showed the best overall performance to predict sepsis after LT in our study, which could assist in the clinical decision-making procedure.