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This paper initially examines the feasibility and effectiveness on interfacial adhesion of composites when grafting nanoparticle-structured polydopamine (PDA) and chitosan around carbon fiber periphery. The resulting interfacial shear strength was maximized as 92.3 MPa, delivering 50.1 % and 15.7-16.2 % gains over those of control fiber and only polydopamine nanospheres (PDANPs) or only chitosan modified fiber composites. Measuring surface morphology and thermal stability of fibers found that abundant PDANPs well adhered with the help of chitosan, highlighting nanoscale size effects and intrinsic adhesiveness of PDA. Under good wettability, rich and dense interfacial interactions (covalent and hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, and π conjugation) caused by PDANPs/chitosan coating provides impetus for effective stress transfer. Additionally, the stable "soft-rigid" combination of chitosan and PDANPs adds the efficiency of crack passivation. As such, it is hoped that this work could fully explore the possibility of PDA geometry in interphase engineering of fiber composites.
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Fibra de Carbono , Quitosano , Indoles , Nanosferas , Polímeros , Quitosano/química , Indoles/química , Nanosferas/química , Polímeros/química , Fibra de Carbono/química , HumectabilidadRESUMEN
Converting low-grade thermal energy into electrical energy is crucial for the development of modern smart wearable energy technologies. The free-standing films of PEDOT@Bi2Te3 prepared by tape-casting hold promise for flexible thermoelectric technology in self-powered sensing applications. Bi2Te3 nanosheets fabricated by the solvothermal method are tightly connected with flat-arranged PEODT molecules, forming an S-Bi bonded interface in the composite materials, and the bandgap is reduced to 1.63 eV. Compared with the PEDOT film, the mobility and carrier concentration of the composite are significantly increased at room temperature, and the conductivity reaches 684 S/cm. Meanwhile, the carrier concentration decreased sharply at 360 K indicating the creation of defect energy levels during the interfacial reaction of the composites, which increased the Seebeck coefficient. The power factor was improved by 68.9% compared to PEDOT. In addition, the introduction of Bi2Te3 nanosheets generated defects and multidimensional interfaces in the composite film, which resulted in weak phonon scattering in the conducting polymer with interfacial scattering. The thermal conductivity of the film is decreased and the ZT value reaches 0.1. The composite film undergoes 1500 bending cycles with a 14% decrease in conductivity and has good flexibility. This self-supporting flexible thermoelectric composite film has provided a research basis for low-grade thermal energy applications.
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Eritrocitos , Granulocitos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/patología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/genética , Granulocitos/patología , Eritrocitos/patología , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Triploidía , Fagocitosis , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
Retinal disorders are a major cause of irreversible vision loss, which can be mitigated through accurate and early diagnosis. Conventionally, fundus images are used as the gold diagnosis standard in detecting retinal diseases. In recent years, more and more researchers have employed deep learning methods for diagnosing ophthalmic diseases using fundus photography datasets. Among the studies, most of them focus on diagnosing a single disease in fundus images, making it still challenging for the diagnosis of multiple diseases. In this paper, we propose a framework that combines ResNet and Transformer for multi-label classification of retinal disease. This model employs ResNet to extract image features, utilizes Transformer to capture global information, and enhances the relationships between categories through learnable label embedding. On the publicly available Ocular Disease Intelligent Recognition (ODIR-5 k) dataset, the proposed method achieves a mean average precision of 92.86%, an area under the curve (AUC) of 97.27%, and a recall of 90.62%, which outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches for the multi-label classification. The proposed method represents a significant advancement in the field of retinal disease diagnosis, offering a more accurate, efficient, and comprehensive model for the detection of multiple retinal conditions.
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BACKGROUND: In 2023, the United States experienced its highest- recorded number of suicides, exceeding 50,000 deaths. In the realm of psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder stands out as the most common issue, affecting 15% to 17% of the population and carrying a notable suicide risk of approximately 15%. However, not everyone with depression has suicidal thoughts. While "suicidal depression" is not a clinical diagnosis, it may be observed in daily life, emphasizing the need for awareness. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the dynamics, emotional tones, and topics discussed in posts within the r/Depression subreddit, with a specific focus on users who had also engaged in the r/SuicideWatch community. The objective was to use natural language processing techniques and models to better understand the complexities of depression among users with potential suicide ideation, with the goal of improving intervention and prevention strategies for suicide. METHODS: Archived posts were extracted from the r/Depression and r/SuicideWatch Reddit communities in English spanning from 2019 to 2022, resulting in a final data set of over 150,000 posts contributed by approximately 25,000 unique overlapping users. A broad and comprehensive mix of methods was conducted on these posts, including trend and survival analysis, to explore the dynamic of users in the 2 subreddits. The BERT family of models extracted features from data for sentiment and thematic analysis. RESULTS: On August 16, 2020, the post count in r/SuicideWatch surpassed that of r/Depression. The transition from r/Depression to r/SuicideWatch in 2020 was the shortest, lasting only 26 days. Sadness emerged as the most prevalent emotion among overlapping users in the r/Depression community. In addition, physical activity changes, negative self-view, and suicidal thoughts were identified as the most common depression symptoms, all showing strong positive correlations with the emotion tone of disappointment. Furthermore, the topic "struggles with depression and motivation in school and work" (12%) emerged as the most discussed topic aside from suicidal thoughts, categorizing users based on their inclination toward suicide ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores the effectiveness of using natural language processing techniques to explore language markers and patterns associated with mental health challenges in online communities like r/Depression and r/SuicideWatch. These insights offer novel perspectives distinct from previous research. In the future, there will be potential for further refinement and optimization of machine classifications using these techniques, which could lead to more effective intervention and prevention strategies.
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COVID-19 , Ideación Suicida , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural , Depresión/psicología , Pandemias , Estados Unidos , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Suicidio/psicología , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1291387.].
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area and axial elongation on the longitudinal changes in macular choroidal thickness (ChT) in young individuals with myopia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In this longitudinal investigation, 431 eyes-342 categorised as non-high myopia (non-HM) and 89 as HM-were examined for 2 years. Participants were examined with swept-source optical coherence tomography. The macular ChT, PPA area and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline and follow-up visits. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ChT changes. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were analysed to ascertain the predictive capacity of the PPA area and axial elongation for the reduction in macular ChT. RESULTS: Initial measurements revealed that the average macular ChT was 240.35±56.15 µm in the non-HM group and 198.43±50.27 µm in the HM group (p<0.001). It was observed that the HM group experienced a significantly greater reduction in average macular ChT (-7.35±11.70 µm) than the non-HM group (-1.85±16.95 µm, p=0.004). Multivariate regression analysis showed that a greater reduction of ChT was associated with baseline PPA area (ß=-26.646, p<0.001) and the change in AL (ß=-35.230, p<0.001). The combination of the baseline PPA area with the change in AL was found to be effective in predicting the decrease in macular ChT, with an area under the curve of 0.741 (95% CI 0.694 to 0.787). CONCLUSION: Over 2 years, eyes with HM exhibit a more significant decrease in ChT than those without HM. Combining the baseline PPA area with the change in AL could be used to predict the decrease of macular ChT.
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Miopía , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Miopía/diagnóstico por imagen , Coroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Óptico , Análisis Multivariante , Atrofia/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fundus photography is the most important examination in eye disease screening. A facilitated self-service eye screening pattern based on the fully automatic fundus camera was developed in 2022 in Shanghai, China; it may help solve the problem of insufficient human resources in primary health care institutions. However, the service quality and residents' preference for this new pattern are unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the service quality and residents' preferences between facilitated self-service eye screening and traditional manual screening and to explore the relationships between the screening service's quality and residents' preferences. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. Residents who underwent facilitated self-service fundus disease screening at one of the screening sites were assigned to the exposure group; those who were screened with a traditional fundus camera operated by an optometrist at an adjacent site comprised the control group. The primary outcome was the screening service quality, including effectiveness (image quality and screening efficiency), physiological discomfort, safety, convenience, and trustworthiness. The secondary outcome was the participants' preferences. Differences in service quality and the participants' preferences between the 2 groups were compared using chi-square tests separately. Subgroup analyses for exploring the relationships between the screening service's quality and residents' preference were conducted using generalized logit models. RESULTS: A total of 358 residents enrolled; among them, 176 (49.16%) were included in the exposure group and the remaining 182 (50.84%) in the control group. Residents' basic characteristics were balanced between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in service quality between the 2 groups (image quality pass rate: P=.79; average screening time: P=.57; no physiological discomfort rate: P=.92; safety rate: P=.78; convenience rate: P=.95; trustworthiness rate: P=.20). However, the proportion of participants who were willing to use the same technology for their next screening was significantly lower in the exposure group than in the control group (P<.001). Subgroup analyses suggest that distrust in the facilitated self-service eye screening might increase the probability of refusal to undergo screening (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that the facilitated self-service fundus disease screening pattern could achieve good service quality. However, it was difficult to reverse residents' preferences for manual screening in a short period, especially when the original manual service was already excellent. Therefore, the digital transformation of health care must be cautious. We suggest that attention be paid to the residents' individual needs. More efficient man-machine collaboration and personalized health management solutions based on large language models are both needed.
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Lenguaje , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , China , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
Elderly patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we retrospectively described the clinical features and outcomes of the first time infection of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 in 364 elderly patients with lymphoma enrolled in Jiangsu Cooperative Lymphoma Group (JCLG) between November 2022 and April 2023 in China. Median age was 69 years (range 60-92). 54.4% (198/364) of patients were confirmed as severe and critical COVID-19 infection. In univariable analysis, Age > 70 years (OR 1.88, p = 0.003), with multiple comorbidities (OR 1.41, p = 0.005), aggressive lymphoma (OR 2.33, p < 0.001), active disease (progressive or relapsed/refractory, OR 2.02, p < 0.001), and active anti-lymphoma therapy (OR 1.90, p < 0.001) were associated with severe COVID-19. Multiple (three or more) lines of previous anti-lymphoma therapy (OR 3.84, p = 0.021) remained an adverse factor for severe COVID-19 in multivariable analysis. Moreover, CD20 antibody (Rituximab or Obinutuzumab)-based treatments within the last 6 months was associated with severe COVID-19 in the entire cohort (OR 3.42, p < 0.001). Continuous BTK inhibitors might be protective effect on the outcome of COVID-19 infection (OR 0.44, p = 0.043) in the indolent lymphoma cohort. Overall, 7.7% (28/364) of the patients ceased, multiple lines of previous anti-lymphoma therapy (OR 3.46, p = 0.016) remained an adverse factor for mortality.
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14-3-3 proteins are widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and play an important role in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. This study revealed nine 14-3-3 genes from the genome of Nitraria sibirica Pall., a halophyte with strong salt tolerance. The physicochemical properties, multiple sequence alignment, gene structure and motif analysis, and chromosomal distributions were analyzed, and phylogenetic analysis, cis-regulatory elements analysis, and gene transcription and expression analysis of Ns14-3-3s were conducted. The results revealed that the Ns14-3-3 gene family consists of nine members, which are divided into two groups: ε (four members) and non-ε (five members). These members are acidic hydrophilic proteins. The genes are distributed randomly on chromosomes, and the number of introns varies widely among the two groups. However, all genes have similar conserved domains and three-dimensional protein structures. The main differences are found at the N-terminus and C-terminus. The promoter region of Ns14-3-3s contains multiple cis-acting elements related to light, plant hormones, and abiotic stress responses. Transcriptional profiling and gene expression pattern analysis revealed that Ns14-3-3s were expressed in all tissues, although with varying patterns. Under salt stress conditions, Ns14-3-3 1a, Ns14-3-3 1b, Ns14-3-3 5a, and Ns14-3-3 7a showed significant changes in gene expression. Ns14-3-3 1a expression decreased in all tissues, Ns14-3-3 7a expression decreased by 60% to 71% in roots, and Ns14-3-3 1b expression increased by 209% to 251% in stems. The most significant change was observed in Ns14-3-3 5a, with its expression in stems increasing by 213% to 681%. The yeast two-hybrid experiments demonstrated that Ns14-3-3 5a interacts with NsVP1 (vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase). This result indicates that Ns14-3-3 5a may respond to salt stress by promoting ionic vacuole compartmentalization in stems and leaves through interactions with NsVP1. In addition, N. sibirica has a high number of stems, allowing it to compartmentalize more ions through its stem and leaf. This may be a contributing factor to its superior salt tolerance compared to other plants.
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Magnoliopsida , Estrés Salino , Filogenia , Estrés Salino/genética , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Intrones/genética , Proteínas 14-3-3/genética , Pirofosfatasa Inorgánica , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
The matching of long cycle life, high power density, and high energy density has been an inevitable requirement for the development of efficient anode materials for lithium-ion capacitors (LICs). Here, we introduce an N-doped carbon nanotube hollow polyhedron structure (Co3O4-CNT-800) with high specific surface area and active sites, which is anchored with two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx nanosheets with metallic conductivity and abundant surface functional groups by electrostatic adsorption to form a hierarchical multilevel hollow semi-covered framework structure. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between Co3O4-CNT-800 and Ti3C2Tx, the composites exhibit superior energy storage efficiency and long cycling stability. The Co3O4-CNT-800/Ti3C2Tx electrodes exhibit a high specific capacity of 817C/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g under the three-electrode system, and the capacity retention rate is 91 % after 5000 cycles at a current density of 2 A/g. Additionally, we assembled Co3O4-CNT-800/Ti3C2Tx as the anode and Activated carbon (AC) cathode to form LIC devices, which showed an electrochemical test result of 90.01 % capacitance retention after 8000 cycles at 2 A/g, and the maximum power density of the LIC was 3000 W/kg and the maximum energy density was 121 Wh/kg. This work pioneered the combination of N-doped carbon nanotube hollow polyhedron structure with two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx, which provides an effective strategy for preparing LIC negative electrode materials with high specific capacitance and long cycling stability.
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The metal-semiconductor (M-S) contact is usually an Ohmic contact or a Schottky contact, which greatly affects the electronic properties of devices, and it remains a huge challenge to realize a low-resistance Ohmic contact in a metal-semiconductor junction (MSJ). Herein, we systematically studied the band structures, electrostatic potential, charge transfer, Schottky barrier height of carriers, effective carrier masses, and tunneling probability of carriers of a germanene (Ge)/GaAs MSJ. The transition from the Schottky to the Ohmic contact can be caused by applying certain biaxial strains or electric fields, which weakens the Fermi level pinning (FLP) effect and reduces contact resistance. Meanwhile, the electron injection efficiency of Ge/(GaAs)As MSJ (PTB > 27%) is far superior to that of other two-dimensional (2D) vdW MSJs. This work indicates that Ge/GaAs heterostructures are the most compatible for applying high-effective 2D electronic nanodevices under controllable conditions.
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The larvae of black soldier fly (BSFL) convert organic waste into insect proteins used as feedstuff for livestock and aquaculture. BSFL production performance is considerably reduced during winter season. Herein, the intraspecific diversity of ten commercial BSF colonies collected in China was evaluated. The Bioforte colony was subjected to selective breeding at 12 °C and 16 °C to develop cold-tolerant BSF with improved production performance. After breeding for nine generations, the weight of larvae, survival rate, and the dry matter conversion rate significantly increased. Subsequently, intestinal microbiota in the cold-tolerant strain showed that bacteria belonging to Morganella, Dysgonomonas, Salmonella, Pseudochrobactrum, and Klebsiella genera were highly represented in the 12 °C bred, while those of Acinetobacter, Pseudochrobactrum, Enterococcus, Comamonas, and Leucobacter genera were significantly represented in the 16 °C bred group. Metagenomic revealed that several animal probiotics of the Enterococcus and Vagococcus genera were greatly enriched in the gut of larvae bred at 16 °C. Moreover, bacterial metabolic pathways including carbohydrate, lipid, amino acids, and cofactors and vitamins, were significantly increased, while organismal systems and human diseases was decreased in the 16 °C bred group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the upregulated differentially expressed genes in the 16 °C bred groups mainly participated in Autophagy-animal, AMPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway at day 34 under 16 °C conditions, suggesting their significant role in the survival of BSFL. Taken together, these results shed lights on the role of intestinal microflora and gene pathways in the adaptation of BSF larvae to cold stress.
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Dípteros , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Humanos , Larva/genética , Selección Artificial , Aminoácidos , Dípteros/genéticaRESUMEN
Early detection of bipolar depression (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been challenging due to the lack of reliable and easily measurable biological markers. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of discriminating patients with mood disorders from healthy controls based on task state skin potential characteristics and their correlation with individual indicators of oxidative stress. A total of 77 patients with BPD, 53 patients with MDD, and 79 healthy controls were recruited. A custom-made device, previously shown to be sufficiently accurate, was used to collect skin potential data during six emotion-inducing tasks involving video, pictorial, or textual stimuli. Blood indicators reflecting individual levels of oxidative stress were collected. A discriminant model based on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was constructed for discriminant analysis. MDD and BPD patients were found to have abnormal skin potential characteristics on most tasks. The accuracy of the SVM model built with SP features to discriminate MDD patients from healthy controls was 78% (sensitivity 78%, specificity 82%). The SVM model gave an accuracy of 59% (sensitivity 59%, specificity 79%) in classifying BPD patients, MDD patients, and healthy controls into three groups. Significant correlations were also found between oxidative stress indicators in the blood of patients and certain SP features. Patients with depression and bipolar depression have abnormalities in task-state skin potential that partially reflect the pathological mechanism of the illness, and the abnormalities are potential biological markers of affective disorders.
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Trastorno Bipolar , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Humanos , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Algoritmos , Máquina de Vectores de Soporte , BiomarcadoresRESUMEN
To investigate the prognostic impact of serum beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) in adult lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The clinical and laboratory characteristics of 326 adult patients in a multicenter cohort with lymphoma-associated HLH with available baseline serum B2M levels were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 326 cases were included in this study, and the median serum B2M level was 5.19 mg/L. The optimal cut-off of serum B2M was 8.73 mg/L, and the cases with serum B2M level >8.73 mg/L were older and had a more advanced stage, lower levels of platelets, albumin, and fibrinogen, and higher creatinine level. The serum B2M >8.73 mg/L, creatinine ≥133 µmol/L, fibrinogen ≤1.5 g/L, agranulocytosis (<0.5 × 109/L), severe thrombocytopenia (<50 × 109/L), and high Epstein-Barr virus DNA copy number were found to have independent prognostic values in all patients, and the serum B2M >8.73 mg/L was also an independent prognostic factor in patients with creatinine <133 µmol/L. Finally, a prognostic scoring system was established based on independent prognostic factors of all patients and categorized the patients into three groups with significant prognostic differences. This study confirmed that the serum B2M level can be an independent prognostic factor in lymphoma-associated HLH and established a prognostic scoring system to predict patients' survival.
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Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica , Linfoma , Microglobulina beta-2 , Humanos , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/sangre , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/mortalidad , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/etiología , Microglobulina beta-2/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pronóstico , Linfoma/sangre , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Linfoma/complicaciones , Linfoma/mortalidad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Tasa de Supervivencia , Relevancia ClínicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The presence of circulating plasma cells (CPCs) is an important laboratory indicator for the diagnosis, staging, risk stratification, and progression monitoring of multiple myeloma (MM). Early detection of CPCs in the peripheral blood (PB) followed by timely interventions can significantly improve MM prognosis and delay its progression. Although the conventional cell morphology examination remains the predominant method for CPC detection because of accessibility, its sensitivity and reproducibility are limited by technician expertise and cell quantity constraints. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated system for a more sensitive and efficient CPC morphology detection. METHODS: A total of 137 bone marrow smears and 72 PB smears from patients with at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, were retrospectively reviewed. Using an AI-powered digital pathology platform, Morphogo, 305,019 cell images were collected for training. Morphogo's efficacy in CPC detection was evaluated with additional 184 PB smears (94 from patients with MM and 90 from those with other hematological malignancies) and compared with manual microscopy. RESULTS: Morphogo achieved 99.64% accuracy, 89.03% sensitivity, and 99.68% specificity in classifying CPCs. At a 0.60 threshold, Morphogo achieved a sensitivity of 96.15%, which was approximately twice that of manual microscopy, with a specificity of 78.03%. Patients with CPCs detected by AI scanning had a significantly shorter median progression-free survival compared with those without CPC detection (18 months vs. 34 months, p< .01). CONCLUSIONS: Morphogo is a highly sensitive system for the automated detection of CPCs, with potential applications in initial screening, prognosis prediction, and posttreatment monitoring for MM patients. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Diagnosing and monitoring multiple myeloma (MM), a type of blood cancer, requires identifying and quantifying specific cells called circulating plasma cells (CPCs) in the blood. The conventional method for detecting CPCs is manual microscopic examination, which is time-consuming and lacks sensitivity. This study introduces a highly sensitive CPC detection method using an artificial intelligence-based system, Morphogo. It demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and accuracy, surpassing conventional microscopy. This advanced approach suggests that early and accurate CPC detection is achievable by morphology examination, making efficient CPC screening more accessible for patients with MM. This innovative system has the potential to be used in the diagnosis and risk assessment of MM.
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Aprendizaje Profundo , Mieloma Múltiple , Células Plasmáticas , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Mieloma Múltiple/sangre , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Células Plasmáticas/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Pronóstico , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aim to explore the effect of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on choroid thickness (ChT) and axial length (AL). METHODS: Students of grade 2 and 3 from a primary school were included and followed for 1 year. Visual acuity, refraction, AL and ChT were measured. Morning urine samples were collected for determining SNS activity by analysing concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The most important factor (factor 1) was calculated using factor analysis to comprehensively indicate the SNS activity. RESULTS: A total of 273 students were included, with an average age of 7.77±0.69 years, and 150 (54.95%) were boys. Every 1 µg/L increase in epinephrine is associated with 1.60 µm (95% CI 0.30 to 2.90, p=0.02) decrease in average ChT. Every 1 µg/L increase in norepinephrine is associated with 0.53 µm (95% CI 0.08 to 0.98, p=0.02) decrease in the ChT in inner-superior region. The factor 1 was negatively correlated with the ChT in the superior regions. Every 1 µg/L increase in norepinephrine was associated with 0.002 mm (95% CI 0.0004 to 0.004, p=0.016) quicker AL elongation. The factor 1 was positively correlated with AL elongation (coefficient=0.037, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.070, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesised that chronic stress characterised by elevated level of the SNS, was associated with significant increase in AL elongation, probably through thinning of the choroid.
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Refracción Ocular , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Masculino , Niño , Humanos , Femenino , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Coroides , Norepinefrina , Epinefrina , Longitud Axial del OjoRESUMEN
Over 48 million cases of sepsis and 11 million sepsis-related deaths were reported in 2017, making it one of the leading causes of mortality. This meta-analysis compared mortality risk among patients with sepsis or septic shock and associated hypoglycemia or euglycemia on admission by searching for observational studies in PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases. The eligible studies included patients with sepsis and/or severe sepsis/septic shock and compared mortality rates between those with hypoglycemia on admission and those who were euglycemic. A stratified analysis based on sepsis or severe sepsis/septic shock and diabetes on admission included 14 studies. Patients with hypoglycemia had a significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality and mortality during the 1st month after discharge. In addition, hypoglycemic patients with sepsis had a slightly increased risk of in-hospital mortality, but no increase in the mortality risk was observed within 1 month of follow-up. However, in patients with severe sepsis and/or septic shock, hypoglycemia was associated with a higher risk of both in-hospital mortality and mortality during 1 month of follow-up. In patients with diabetes, hypoglycemia was not associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality or mortality within 1 month of follow-up. Patients with sepsis or severe sepsis/septic shock and hypoglycemia had an increased mortality risk, and the association was stronger in cases of severe sepsis/septic shock. Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients did not correlate with increased mortality risk. Careful monitoring of blood glucose in sepsis and/or severe sepsis/septic shock patients is required.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Hipoglucemia , Sepsis , Choque Séptico , Humanos , Glucemia , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Sepsis/mortalidad , Choque Séptico/mortalidadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To identify the relationship of macular outward scleral height (MOSH) with axial length (AL), macular choroidal thickness (ChT), peripapillary atrophy (PPA), and optic disc tilt in Chinese adults. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1088 right eyes of 1088 participants were enrolled and assigned into high myopia (HM) and non-HM groups. MOSH was measured in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior directions using swept-source optical coherence tomography images. The clinical characteristics of MOSH and the association of MOSH with AL, macular ChT, PPA, and tilt ratio were analysed. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 37.31 ± 18.93 years (range, 18-86 years), and the mean AL was 25.78 ± 1.79 mm (range, 21.25-33.09 mm). MOSH was the highest in the temporal direction, followed by the superior, nasal, and inferior directions (all p < 0.001). The MOSH of HM eyes was significantly higher than that of non-HM eyes, and it was positively correlated with AL in the nasal, temporal, and superior directions (all p < 0.001). Macular ChT was independently associated with the average MOSH (B = -0.190, p < 0.001). Nasal MOSH was positively associated with the PPA area and the presence of a tilted optic disc (both p < 0.01). Eyes with a higher MOSH in the superior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.008; p < 0.001) and inferior directions (OR = 1.006; p = 0.009) were more likely to have posterior staphyloma. CONCLUSION: MOSH is an early indicator of scleral deformation, and it is correlated positively with AL and negatively with ChT. A higher nasal MOSH is associated with a larger PPA area and the presence of a tilted optic disc. Higher MOSH values in the superior and inferior directions were risk factors for posterior staphyloma. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov (Reg. No. NCT03446300).