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Plants are affected by many environmental factors during their various stages of growth, among which salt stress is a key factor. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in the response to stress in plants. In this study, SmWRKY40 from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was found to belong to the subfamily of WRKY transcription factor group II, closely related to the evolution of wild tomato ScWRKY40 (Solanum chilense). The expression of SmWRKY40 could be induced by several abiotic stresses (drought, salt, and high temperature) and ABA to different degrees, with salt stress being the most significant. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the seed germination rate of SmWRKY40 overexpression seedlings was significantly higher than those of the wild type under high concentrations of NaCl and ABA, and root elongation of overexpression lines was also longer than wild type under NaCl treatments. SmWRKY40 overexpression lines were found to enhance Arabidopsis tolerance to salt with lower ROS, MDA, higher soluble protein, proline accumulation, and more active antioxidant enzymes. The expression level of genes related to stress and ABA signaling displayed significant differences in SmWRKY40 overexpression line than that of WT. These results indicate that SmWRKY40 regulates ABA and salt stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Ácido Abscísico , Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Estrés Salino , Solanum melongena , Factores de Transcripción , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Estrés Fisiológico , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Germinación/genética , Filogenia , Plantones/genética , Plantones/metabolismo , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Drowning is a preventable public health concern that burdens emergency care systems globally. This study comprehensively evaluated fatal drowning patterns across population, time, and geography from 1990 to 2021 to inform effective prevention strategies. METHODS: Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study framework and standardized estimation methods, the study analyzed global and regional drowning burden in terms of mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), based on population registry data and drowning-related epidemiological covariates. RESULTS: Global drowning incidents decreased by 33.67% from 1990 to 2021. The drowning incidence rate and mortality rate declined from 24.20 and 9.68 per 100,000 in 1990 to 10.85 and 3.48 per 100,000 in 2021, respectively. Years of life lost and DALYs rates due to drowning also decreased significantly, from 715.80 and 718.69 per 100,000 in 1990 to 197.64 and 198.92 per 100,000 in 2021. Regionally, East Asia had the highest drowning mortality (27.15% of global deaths), while the high-income Asia Pacific region experienced the highest incidence rate (21.38 per 100,000). South Asia had the greatest number of drowning deaths (75,639). Tropical Latin America showed the largest incidence decline, while high-income Asia Pacific exhibited increasing trends. Drowning disproportionately affected children under 5 and the elderly in most regions. CONCLUSIONS: While global drowning rates have declined, progress varies across regions. To improve prevention, focus should target low-income/middle-income countries and vulnerable populations like children and the elderly. Increased investment in safety education and rescue resources is vital to address their disproportionate risks.
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OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this paper is to conduct a bibliometric analysis to examine the research status and development trend of anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction in children and adolescents over the past 20 years. DESIGN: Descriptive Research. METHODS: This study obtained information regarding studies on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Children and Adolescents from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Visual and bibliometric analysis were conducted using VOSviewer, Origin 2022, Pajek64 5.18and Excel 2019. These analytic tools facilitated the analysis of various aspects, including countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals and keywords related to the research. RESULTS: From 2003 to 2023, a total of 1328 articles were retrieved in WOS, and 637 articles were selected by two authors. The most productive institutions are Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Kocher, ms. Their articles have the highest number of publications and citations. The American journal of sports medicine is the most frequently cited journal for articles on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in children and adolescents. The most common keywords used in these articles were "anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction", "injury, children, adolescent", and "skeletally immature patients". CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable insights into the research focus of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in children and adolescents. In recent years, there has been significant attention paid to areas of "the return to sport, re-repture rate and functional recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" in this specific population. These aspects have emerged as key directions for future research in this field.
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Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Bibliometría , Humanos , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/tendencias , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/métodos , Adolescente , Niño , Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugíaRESUMEN
Celery seeds contain various bioactive compounds and are commonly used as a spice and nutritional supplement in people's daily lives. The quality of celery seeds sold on the market varies, and their regions of production are unclear. This study evaluated the metabolites of Chinese celery seeds from three production regions using HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-GC-IMS, and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The results indicate that GC-IMS analysis obtained a metabolic profile different from that detected using GC-MS. Terpenoids, polyphenols, coumarins, and phthalides are the main bioactive compounds in celery seeds. The production region significantly affects the metabolic characteristics of celery seeds. Based on GC-MS data, GC-IMS data, and LC-MS data, the variation analysis screened 6, 12, and 8 metabolites as potential characteristic metabolites in celery seeds related to the production region, respectively. According to the aromatic characteristics of the characteristic metabolites, seeds from the HCQ region and HZC region have a strong herbal, woody, celery, and turpentine aroma. The concentration of secondary metabolites was highest in the seeds from the HCQ region followed by the HZC region, and it was the lowest in the JJC region. Altogether, this study investigates how geographical origins influence the metabolomic profile of celery seeds. The results can be used to guide the planting and harvesting of celery seeds in suitable regions.
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Fruit color is an intuitive quality of horticultural crops that can be used as an evaluation criterion for fruit ripening and is an important factor affecting consumers' purchase choices. In this study, a genetic population from the cross of green peel 'Qidong' and purple peel '8 guo' revealed that the purple to green color of eggplant peel is dominant and controlled by a pair of alleles. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), SNP haplotyping, and fine genetic mapping delimited candidate genes to a 350 kb region of eggplant chromosome 10 flanked by markers KA2381 and CA8828. One ANS gene (EGP22363) was predicted to be a candidate gene based on gene annotation and sequence alignment of the 350-kb region. Sequence analysis revealed that a single base mutation of 'T' to 'C' on the exon green peel, which caused hydrophobicity to become hydrophilic serine, led to a change in the three-level spatial structure. Additionally, EGP22363 was more highly expressed in purple peels than in green peels. Collectively, EGP22363 is a strong candidate gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple eggplant peels. These results provide important information for molecular marker-assisted selection in eggplants, and a basis for analyzing the regulatory pathways responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplants.
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Antocianinas , Mapeo Cromosómico , Frutas , Solanum melongena , Solanum melongena/genética , Solanum melongena/metabolismo , Antocianinas/biosíntesis , Antocianinas/genética , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Pigmentación/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Genes de Plantas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies has potential for enhancing clinical efficacy. We described the development and antitumor activity of Z15-0, a bispecific nanobody targeting both the PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathways simultaneously. We designed and optimized the mRNA sequence encoding Z15-0, referred to as Z15-0-2 and through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we established that the optimized Z15-0-2 mRNA sequence significantly increased the expression of the bispecific nanobody. Administration of Z15-0-2 mRNA to tumor-bearing mice led to greater inhibition of tumor growth compared to controls. In aggregate, we introduced a novel bispecific nanobody and have re-engineered it to boost expression of mRNA, representing a new drug development paradigm.
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Anticuerpos Biespecíficos , Antígeno CTLA-4 , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Anticuerpos de Dominio Único , Antígeno CTLA-4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antígeno CTLA-4/inmunología , Animales , Ratones , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/inmunología , Humanos , Anticuerpos de Dominio Único/farmacología , Anticuerpos de Dominio Único/inmunología , Anticuerpos Biespecíficos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/patología , Femenino , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Low temperature is a type of abiotic stress affecting the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth. Understanding the mechanisms and utilization of exogenous substances underlying plant tolerance to cold stress would lay the foundation for improving temperature resilience in this important crop. Our study is aiming to investigate the effect of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) on tomato seedlings to increase tolerance to low temperatures. By treating tomato seedlings with exogenous GB under low temperature stress, we found that 30 mmol/L exogenous GB can significantly improve the cold tolerance of tomato seedlings. Exogenous GB can influence the enzyme activity of antioxidant defense system and ROS levels in tomato leaves. The seedlings with GB treatment presented higher Fv/Fm value and photochemical activity under cold stress compared with the control. Moreover, analysis of high-throughput plant phenotyping of tomato seedlings also supported that exogenous GB can protect the photosynthetic system of tomato seedlings under cold stress. In addition, we proved that exogenous GB significantly increased the content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and decreased endogenous gibberellin (GA) levels, which protected tomatoes from low temperatures. Meanwhile, transcriptional analysis showed that GB regulated the expression of genes involved in antioxidant capacity, calcium signaling, photosynthesis activity, energy metabolism-related and low temperature pathway-related genes in tomato plants. In conclusion, our findings indicated that exogenous GB, as a cryoprotectant, can enhance plant tolerance to low temperature by improving the antioxidant system, photosynthetic system, hormone signaling, and cold response pathway and so on.
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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and sirtuins (SIRTs) are important epigenetic regulators of cancer pathways. There is a limited understanding of how transcriptional regulation of their genes is affected by chemotherapeutic agents, and how such transcriptional changes affect tumour sensitivity to drug treatment. We investigated the concerted transcriptional response of HDAC and SIRT genes to 15 approved antitumor agents in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. Antitumor agents with diverse mechanisms of action induced upregulation or downregulation of multiple HDAC and SIRT genes. HDAC5 was upregulated by dasatinib and erlotinib in the majority of the cell lines. Tumour cell line sensitivity to kinase inhibitors was associated with upregulation of HDAC5, HDAC1, and several SIRT genes. We confirmed changes in HDAC and SIRT expression in independent datasets. We also experimentally validated the upregulation of HDAC5 mRNA and protein expression by dasatinib in the highly sensitive IGROV1 cell line. HDAC5 was not upregulated in the UACC-257 cell line resistant to dasatinib. The effects of cancer drug treatment on expression of HDAC and SIRT genes may influence chemosensitivity and may need to be considered during chemotherapy.
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Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Sirtuinas , Dasatinib/farmacología , Metilación de ADN , Línea Celular Tumoral , Sirtuinas/genética , Sirtuinas/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genéticaRESUMEN
Microplastics (MPs) can interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM), a common component found in the environment. However, the effect of MPs type on its interaction with DOM has not been systematically studied. Therefore, the binding properties of different MPs with fulvic acid (FA) were explored in this study. The results showed that polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) had higher adsorption affinity for FA than polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The interaction between MPs and FA conformed to the pseudo-first-order model and Freundlich model (except PS). The interaction mechanisms between various MPs tested in this paper and FA are considered to be different. PP, PE and PS interacted with the aromatic structure of FA and were entrapped in the FA polymers by the carboxyl groups and CO bonds, resulting in a highly conjugated co-polymer, suggesting that oxygen-containing functional groups played a key role. However, it was assumed that the interaction between PVC and FA was more likely to be caused by hydrophobic interaction. This research will help to enhance our comprehension of the environmental behavior of MPs and their interaction with the DOM specifically.