Multiomics of parkinsonism cynomolgus monkeys highlights significance of metabolites in interaction between host and microbiota.

The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, conflicting findings regarding specific microbial species have been reported, possibly due to confounding factors within human populations. Herein, our current study investigated the interaction between the gut microbiota and host in a non-human primate (NHP) PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) using a multi-omic approach and a self-controlled design. Our transcriptomic sequencing of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) identified key genes involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation, mitochondrial function regulation, neuroprotection activation, and neurogenesis associated with PD, such as IL1B, ATP1A3, and SLC5A3. The metabolomic profiles in serum and feces consistently exhibited significant alterations, particularly those closely associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD, such as TUDCA, ethylmalonic acid, and L-homophenylalanine. Furthermore, fecal metagenome analysis revealed gut dysbiosis associated with PD, characterized by a significant decrease in alpha diversity and altered commensals, particularly species such as Streptococcus, Butyrivibrio, and Clostridium. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between PD-associated microbes and metabolites, such as sphingomyelin and phospholipids. Importantly, PDPC significantly reduced in both PD monkey feces and serum, exhibiting strong correlation with PD-associated genes and microbes, such as SLC5A3 and Butyrivibrio species. Moreover, such multi-omic differential biomarkers were linked to the clinical rating scales of PD monkeys. Our findings provided novel insights into understanding the potential role of key metabolites in the host-microbiota interaction involved in PD pathogenesis.

A natural product, resveratrol, protects against high-glucose-induced developmental damage in chicken embryo.

Resveratrol, a famous plant-derived polyphenolic phytoalexin, has been considered to play physiological roles such as antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects in adults. However, its antioxidative activity and neuroprotective effect were seldom discussed in the embryonic system. In this study, the effect of resveratrol on chicken embryo development under high glucose and its underlying mechanism of resveratrol were investigated. High glucose administrated to chicken embryo at embryonic Day 1 induced stillbirth, growth retardation, and impaired blood vessel development on yolk sac. However, resveratrol supplementation before glucose exposure showed significant effect on decreasing the death rate, developmental damage, and vessel injury. In addition, oxidative stress was caused by high-glucose exposure, and resveratrol could rescue this high-glucose-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, the neural developmental marker paired box 3 was significantly decreased by high glucose and recovered by resveratrol. Cell cycle-regulated gene expression was also intervened by resveratrol. This study had found an association between resveratrol and hyperglycemia-induced embryonic damage, which suggested a potential protective effect of resveratrol on gestational diabetes.